The document discusses guidelines for initiating insulin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes not controlled on oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs). It recommends starting with either bedtime intermediate-acting insulin or bedtime or morning long-acting insulin, beginning at a dose of 10 units or 0.2 units/kg. The insulin dose is then titrated up based on fasting blood glucose levels until the target range is achieved. Additional injections of rapid-acting insulin may be added if pre-meal blood glucose levels remain out of range.
Insulin therapy: art of initiation and titration Saikumar Dunga
The document outlines guidelines for initiating and titrating insulin therapy for type 2 diabetes. It recommends starting with either bedtime intermediate-acting or morning/bedtime long-acting insulin, and titrating the dose to reach fasting glucose targets. If HbA1c remains above 7% after 2-3 months, additional injections of rapid-acting insulin should be added at mealtimes based on pre-meal glucose levels. Further intensification, such as checking postprandial levels and adjusting prandial insulin, is recommended if HbA1c is still not at target. The guidelines provide a step-by-step approach to optimizing insulin regimens based on glucose monitoring.
This document discusses various types of basal insulin, including their history, mechanisms of action, and clinical benefits. It describes early insulins derived from animals that had issues with impurity and antigenicity. It then covers human insulins like NPH insulin and the development of insulin glargine and insulin detemir as basal insulins that more closely mimic the body's natural basal insulin secretion. Insulin degludec is also introduced as a new basal insulin with an ultra-long duration of action of up to 42 hours and flexible dosing intervals. Clinical trials demonstrate the efficacy of basal insulins like glargine, detemir, and degludec in improving glycemic control and reducing
This document summarizes different types of anti-diabetic agents used to treat diabetes mellitus. It describes insulin and how it is synthesized, stored and secreted in the body. It also discusses oral anti-diabetic agents including insulin secretagogues, biguanides, thiazolidinediones, and alpha-glucosidase inhibitors; and how each group works to lower blood glucose levels. Complications from insulin therapy and factors affecting insulin absorption are also summarized.
Vanita R. Aroda, MD, prepared type 2 diabetes mellitus infographics for this CME activity titled, "Putting Basal Insulin Therapy to Work for Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus." For the full presentation, downloadable infographics, monograph, complete CME information, and to apply for credit, please visit us at http://bit.ly/2kdVkuJ. CME credit will be available until September 12, 2020.
The document discusses different types of insulin available to manage diabetes, including rapid-acting, short-acting, intermediate-acting, long-acting, and premixed insulins. It reviews insulin protocols and addresses patient selection for different regimens. The document also discusses designing and adjusting insulin regimens, including using a basal-bolus approach to better mimic normal physiology.
This was a presentation delivered at Gandhinagar on 18th August 2017. This is a talk on a Case of Adolescent Type 2 Diabetes successfully managed with Basal Insulin with Metformin
Case studies in the managment of type 2 diabetes NasserAljuhani
Case 1:Poorly controlled type 2 diabetes on triple oral therapies
Case 2:Morning hypoglycemia on premixed InsulinCase 3
Case 3:Newly diagnosed D.M Type1D.M or type 2 D.M ?
The document discusses guidelines for initiating insulin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes not controlled on oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs). It recommends starting with either bedtime intermediate-acting insulin or bedtime or morning long-acting insulin, beginning at a dose of 10 units or 0.2 units/kg. The insulin dose is then titrated up based on fasting blood glucose levels until the target range is achieved. Additional injections of rapid-acting insulin may be added if pre-meal blood glucose levels remain out of range.
Insulin therapy: art of initiation and titration Saikumar Dunga
The document outlines guidelines for initiating and titrating insulin therapy for type 2 diabetes. It recommends starting with either bedtime intermediate-acting or morning/bedtime long-acting insulin, and titrating the dose to reach fasting glucose targets. If HbA1c remains above 7% after 2-3 months, additional injections of rapid-acting insulin should be added at mealtimes based on pre-meal glucose levels. Further intensification, such as checking postprandial levels and adjusting prandial insulin, is recommended if HbA1c is still not at target. The guidelines provide a step-by-step approach to optimizing insulin regimens based on glucose monitoring.
This document discusses various types of basal insulin, including their history, mechanisms of action, and clinical benefits. It describes early insulins derived from animals that had issues with impurity and antigenicity. It then covers human insulins like NPH insulin and the development of insulin glargine and insulin detemir as basal insulins that more closely mimic the body's natural basal insulin secretion. Insulin degludec is also introduced as a new basal insulin with an ultra-long duration of action of up to 42 hours and flexible dosing intervals. Clinical trials demonstrate the efficacy of basal insulins like glargine, detemir, and degludec in improving glycemic control and reducing
This document summarizes different types of anti-diabetic agents used to treat diabetes mellitus. It describes insulin and how it is synthesized, stored and secreted in the body. It also discusses oral anti-diabetic agents including insulin secretagogues, biguanides, thiazolidinediones, and alpha-glucosidase inhibitors; and how each group works to lower blood glucose levels. Complications from insulin therapy and factors affecting insulin absorption are also summarized.
Vanita R. Aroda, MD, prepared type 2 diabetes mellitus infographics for this CME activity titled, "Putting Basal Insulin Therapy to Work for Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus." For the full presentation, downloadable infographics, monograph, complete CME information, and to apply for credit, please visit us at http://bit.ly/2kdVkuJ. CME credit will be available until September 12, 2020.
The document discusses different types of insulin available to manage diabetes, including rapid-acting, short-acting, intermediate-acting, long-acting, and premixed insulins. It reviews insulin protocols and addresses patient selection for different regimens. The document also discusses designing and adjusting insulin regimens, including using a basal-bolus approach to better mimic normal physiology.
This was a presentation delivered at Gandhinagar on 18th August 2017. This is a talk on a Case of Adolescent Type 2 Diabetes successfully managed with Basal Insulin with Metformin
Case studies in the managment of type 2 diabetes NasserAljuhani
Case 1:Poorly controlled type 2 diabetes on triple oral therapies
Case 2:Morning hypoglycemia on premixed InsulinCase 3
Case 3:Newly diagnosed D.M Type1D.M or type 2 D.M ?
Sodium glucose co transporter( SGLT2) Inhibitors Philip Vaidyan
This document discusses sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, a new class of drugs for treating type 2 diabetes. SGLT2 inhibitors work by blocking glucose reabsorption in the kidney, increasing urinary glucose excretion in a glucose-dependent manner. Three SGLT2 inhibitors have been approved by the FDA - canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, and empagliflozin. SGLT2 inhibitors offer advantages over other anti-diabetic drugs in that they are non-insulin dependent and can be used throughout the course of diabetes. However, long-term safety studies are still needed to fully assess their risk-benefit profile.
1) This document discusses the initiation and adjustment of insulin therapy for type 2 diabetes. It recommends starting with a long-acting basal insulin at bedtime and titrating the dose up gradually until fasting blood glucose is at target levels.
2) If HbA1c remains above 7% after 2-3 months, short-acting insulins should be added at mealtimes starting with breakfast. The doses are then titrated based on pre-meal blood glucose readings.
3) If HbA1c is still not at target after a further 2-3 months, a third daily insulin injection may be needed and post-meal blood glucose should be checked to guide adjustments. The goal is to approximate normal pancreatic
Practical guide to insulin therapy in primary health care.
Types of insulin (basal-bolus, pre-mixed)
Insulin regimens (augmentation, total replacement)
How to convert from one insulin type to another.
Some challenging cases.
This document discusses diabetes technology including continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems, insulin pumps, and smart pens. CGM systems can monitor glucose levels in real-time or intermittently and have been shown to help lower A1C levels and reduce hypoglycemic episodes when used regularly. Insulin pumps can also help improve glucose control and reduce complications compared to multiple daily injections. While this technology has benefits, it also has costs and limitations, so expectations must be managed. Future diabetes devices may include implantable sensors, combined insulin and glucagon delivery, but self-care will still be required to manage the disease.
This document discusses basics of insulin therapy including:
- The discovery of insulin in the 1920s and types of insulin including basal, mealtime, premixed, and newer combinations.
- Insulin action profiles, indications for insulin use, administration techniques using vials, syringes and pens, and common insulin regimens for type 2 diabetes including once or twice daily basal insulin +/- mealtime insulin or premixed insulin.
- Proper storage, mixing, and injection of insulin as well as recommended sites for injection are also reviewed.
This document discusses diabetes, its types, risk factors, signs and symptoms, and management. It defines diabetes as a condition where blood glucose levels are too high due to the body not properly using or producing insulin. The three main types of diabetes are type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes. Risk factors differ depending on the type but include family history, age, obesity, and lifestyle factors. Signs and symptoms include frequent urination, thirst, hunger, and fatigue. Management involves nutrition, exercise, glucose monitoring, and medication or insulin. Complications may occur if diabetes is not properly managed.
1) The document discusses guidelines for initiating and adjusting insulin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes. It recommends starting with a long-acting basal insulin and titrating the dose based on fasting blood glucose levels.
2) If HbA1c levels remain above 7% after titrating the basal insulin, pre-meal insulin such as rapid-acting insulin should be added and titrated based on pre-meal blood glucose levels.
3) The algorithm outlines multiple steps for intensifying insulin therapy through addition of more injections and adjustment of doses to achieve target HbA1c and blood glucose levels.
This document provides guidelines for the diagnosis of primary aldosteronism, pheochromocytoma, Cushing's syndrome, renal artery stenosis, and evaluating young hypertension. It outlines recommended screening tests and confirmatory tests for each condition. Screening tests include ARR for primary aldosteronism, plasma and urine metanephrines for pheochromocytoma, and various cortisol tests for Cushing's syndrome. Confirmatory tests include saline infusion testing, AVS and subtype evaluation for primary aldosteronism and imaging, genetic testing for pheochromocytoma. The source is then localized for ACTH dependent Cushing's syndrome. Renal artery stenosis is screened for using duplex ultrasound
This document provides guidance on evaluating and approaching a patient presenting with proteinuria. It discusses normal and abnormal levels of protein in the urine and different types of proteinuria including glomerular, tubular, and overflow. For evaluation, it recommends determining the amount and type of protein, and assessing other relevant clinical and lab findings. Extensive workup is suggested for proteinuria accompanied by renal impairment, nonspecific symptoms, or in elderly patients to identify underlying causes like glomerular disease, tubular disorders, paraproteinemias, or malignancy that may require a renal biopsy for diagnosis.
Managing Hypoglycemia & Hyperglycemia Critical CareKelly Miller
This document discusses managing hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia in the intensive care unit. It provides guidelines for tight glycemic control to decrease between 80-110 mg/dL. Hypoglycemia is treated with orange juice, glucagon, or dextrose IV depending on the severity of symptoms. Hyperglycemia is initially treated with a sliding scale regular insulin but severe cases over 400 mg/dL may require a continuous insulin drip to control blood glucose levels closely. Frequent monitoring of blood glucose and patient assessment is important.
This document provides information on insulin therapy. It discusses what insulin is, how it is secreted normally, and its actions in the body. Insulin deficiency results in hyperglycemia and other metabolic defects. The discovery of insulin by Banting and Best in 1921 revolutionized the treatment of diabetes. Insulin comes in various forms including rapid-acting, short-acting, intermediate-acting, long-acting, and premixed varieties. Common insulin regimens include split-mixed, basal, basal-plus, and basal-bolus. Early initiation of insulin in type 2 diabetes has clinical benefits beyond glycemic control. Barriers to insulin therapy include fear of hypoglycemia and the inconvenience of injection schedules. Pro
1) The patient has a 10.8% 10-year ASCVD risk, placing him in the intermediate risk category.
2) For patients in this category, guidelines recommend evaluating additional risk enhancers such as family history of premature CVD, metabolic syndrome, inflammation, and coronary artery calcium score.
3) Based on the assessment of risk enhancers, the guidelines recommend either moderate or high-intensity statin therapy.
A 76-year old man with diabetes and hypertension was brought to the emergency room in an unresponsive state. His blood sugar was low at 35 mg/dL. He was given dextrose which caused him to become responsive again. Hypoglycemia can be caused by issues with insulin secretion or counterregulation in diabetes. Symptoms range from autonomic to neuroglycopenic. Treatment involves ingestion of fast-acting carbohydrates for mild episodes or intravenous dextrose for more severe cases. Lifestyle changes and medication adjustments are also important to prevent future hypoglycemia.
Inpatient Diabetes Management - How to Control Hyperglycemia inhsopitalUsama Ragab
Inpatient Diabetes Management
By Dr. Usama Ragab Youssif
Lecturer of Medicine Zagazig University
Why we need this lecture?
Diabetes inhospital is common problem
Increased diabetes morbidities
Increased mortality
Teneligliptin is a novel DPP-4 inhibitor for treating type 2 diabetes. Clinical trials showed that teneligliptin alone or in combination with other oral medications improved HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose over 12-52 weeks. It provided 24-hour glycemic control and better postprandial insulin secretion compared to other DPP-4 inhibitors. Teneligliptin increased active GLP-1 and GIP levels and reduced postprandial glucagon with a low risk of hypoglycemia.
This document provides information about insulin therapy. It defines insulin as a polypeptide hormone secreted by the pancreas that has profound effects on carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism. Insulin deficiency results in hyperglycemia and other metabolic defects. The discovery of insulin in the 1920s by Banting and Best was a major medical milestone. Insulin is now manufactured recombinantly and comes in various rapid, short, intermediate, and long-acting forms to match physiological insulin secretion. Basal bolus regimens using basal and pre-meal bolus insulin are commonly used. New delivery methods like insulin pumps provide more flexibility but also challenges. Proper insulin storage and administration technique are important for effectiveness and safety.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a significant public health problem associated with many debilitating health conditions
This presentation will briefly tackle management of Diabetes
There are several types of insulin that differ in their onset of action, peak time, and duration. Rapid-acting insulin starts working within 15 minutes and has a duration of 3-4 hours. Regular or short-acting insulin starts within 30 minutes and lasts 6 hours. Intermediate-acting insulin starts within 2-4 hours and lasts 12 hours. Long-acting insulin starts within 2-4 hours and lasts up to 24 hours. Premixed insulin starts working within 15-30 minutes and lasts 12-16 hours. Inhaled insulin starts within 10 minutes and lasts 3 hours. The document also discusses the properties and uses of different insulin analogs and human insulins.
Insulin is a hormone released by the pancreas that helps the body use glucose from carbohydrates for energy. In type 1 diabetes, the pancreas fails to produce insulin, and in type 2 diabetes the body does not properly use insulin. High blood glucose levels over long periods can damage blood vessels and organs. Different types of insulin have varying onsets and durations of action to maintain normal blood glucose. Nurses must properly administer insulin subcutaneously, monitor blood glucose levels, and document care to safely manage diabetes.
Sodium glucose co transporter( SGLT2) Inhibitors Philip Vaidyan
This document discusses sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, a new class of drugs for treating type 2 diabetes. SGLT2 inhibitors work by blocking glucose reabsorption in the kidney, increasing urinary glucose excretion in a glucose-dependent manner. Three SGLT2 inhibitors have been approved by the FDA - canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, and empagliflozin. SGLT2 inhibitors offer advantages over other anti-diabetic drugs in that they are non-insulin dependent and can be used throughout the course of diabetes. However, long-term safety studies are still needed to fully assess their risk-benefit profile.
1) This document discusses the initiation and adjustment of insulin therapy for type 2 diabetes. It recommends starting with a long-acting basal insulin at bedtime and titrating the dose up gradually until fasting blood glucose is at target levels.
2) If HbA1c remains above 7% after 2-3 months, short-acting insulins should be added at mealtimes starting with breakfast. The doses are then titrated based on pre-meal blood glucose readings.
3) If HbA1c is still not at target after a further 2-3 months, a third daily insulin injection may be needed and post-meal blood glucose should be checked to guide adjustments. The goal is to approximate normal pancreatic
Practical guide to insulin therapy in primary health care.
Types of insulin (basal-bolus, pre-mixed)
Insulin regimens (augmentation, total replacement)
How to convert from one insulin type to another.
Some challenging cases.
This document discusses diabetes technology including continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems, insulin pumps, and smart pens. CGM systems can monitor glucose levels in real-time or intermittently and have been shown to help lower A1C levels and reduce hypoglycemic episodes when used regularly. Insulin pumps can also help improve glucose control and reduce complications compared to multiple daily injections. While this technology has benefits, it also has costs and limitations, so expectations must be managed. Future diabetes devices may include implantable sensors, combined insulin and glucagon delivery, but self-care will still be required to manage the disease.
This document discusses basics of insulin therapy including:
- The discovery of insulin in the 1920s and types of insulin including basal, mealtime, premixed, and newer combinations.
- Insulin action profiles, indications for insulin use, administration techniques using vials, syringes and pens, and common insulin regimens for type 2 diabetes including once or twice daily basal insulin +/- mealtime insulin or premixed insulin.
- Proper storage, mixing, and injection of insulin as well as recommended sites for injection are also reviewed.
This document discusses diabetes, its types, risk factors, signs and symptoms, and management. It defines diabetes as a condition where blood glucose levels are too high due to the body not properly using or producing insulin. The three main types of diabetes are type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes. Risk factors differ depending on the type but include family history, age, obesity, and lifestyle factors. Signs and symptoms include frequent urination, thirst, hunger, and fatigue. Management involves nutrition, exercise, glucose monitoring, and medication or insulin. Complications may occur if diabetes is not properly managed.
1) The document discusses guidelines for initiating and adjusting insulin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes. It recommends starting with a long-acting basal insulin and titrating the dose based on fasting blood glucose levels.
2) If HbA1c levels remain above 7% after titrating the basal insulin, pre-meal insulin such as rapid-acting insulin should be added and titrated based on pre-meal blood glucose levels.
3) The algorithm outlines multiple steps for intensifying insulin therapy through addition of more injections and adjustment of doses to achieve target HbA1c and blood glucose levels.
This document provides guidelines for the diagnosis of primary aldosteronism, pheochromocytoma, Cushing's syndrome, renal artery stenosis, and evaluating young hypertension. It outlines recommended screening tests and confirmatory tests for each condition. Screening tests include ARR for primary aldosteronism, plasma and urine metanephrines for pheochromocytoma, and various cortisol tests for Cushing's syndrome. Confirmatory tests include saline infusion testing, AVS and subtype evaluation for primary aldosteronism and imaging, genetic testing for pheochromocytoma. The source is then localized for ACTH dependent Cushing's syndrome. Renal artery stenosis is screened for using duplex ultrasound
This document provides guidance on evaluating and approaching a patient presenting with proteinuria. It discusses normal and abnormal levels of protein in the urine and different types of proteinuria including glomerular, tubular, and overflow. For evaluation, it recommends determining the amount and type of protein, and assessing other relevant clinical and lab findings. Extensive workup is suggested for proteinuria accompanied by renal impairment, nonspecific symptoms, or in elderly patients to identify underlying causes like glomerular disease, tubular disorders, paraproteinemias, or malignancy that may require a renal biopsy for diagnosis.
Managing Hypoglycemia & Hyperglycemia Critical CareKelly Miller
This document discusses managing hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia in the intensive care unit. It provides guidelines for tight glycemic control to decrease between 80-110 mg/dL. Hypoglycemia is treated with orange juice, glucagon, or dextrose IV depending on the severity of symptoms. Hyperglycemia is initially treated with a sliding scale regular insulin but severe cases over 400 mg/dL may require a continuous insulin drip to control blood glucose levels closely. Frequent monitoring of blood glucose and patient assessment is important.
This document provides information on insulin therapy. It discusses what insulin is, how it is secreted normally, and its actions in the body. Insulin deficiency results in hyperglycemia and other metabolic defects. The discovery of insulin by Banting and Best in 1921 revolutionized the treatment of diabetes. Insulin comes in various forms including rapid-acting, short-acting, intermediate-acting, long-acting, and premixed varieties. Common insulin regimens include split-mixed, basal, basal-plus, and basal-bolus. Early initiation of insulin in type 2 diabetes has clinical benefits beyond glycemic control. Barriers to insulin therapy include fear of hypoglycemia and the inconvenience of injection schedules. Pro
1) The patient has a 10.8% 10-year ASCVD risk, placing him in the intermediate risk category.
2) For patients in this category, guidelines recommend evaluating additional risk enhancers such as family history of premature CVD, metabolic syndrome, inflammation, and coronary artery calcium score.
3) Based on the assessment of risk enhancers, the guidelines recommend either moderate or high-intensity statin therapy.
A 76-year old man with diabetes and hypertension was brought to the emergency room in an unresponsive state. His blood sugar was low at 35 mg/dL. He was given dextrose which caused him to become responsive again. Hypoglycemia can be caused by issues with insulin secretion or counterregulation in diabetes. Symptoms range from autonomic to neuroglycopenic. Treatment involves ingestion of fast-acting carbohydrates for mild episodes or intravenous dextrose for more severe cases. Lifestyle changes and medication adjustments are also important to prevent future hypoglycemia.
Inpatient Diabetes Management - How to Control Hyperglycemia inhsopitalUsama Ragab
Inpatient Diabetes Management
By Dr. Usama Ragab Youssif
Lecturer of Medicine Zagazig University
Why we need this lecture?
Diabetes inhospital is common problem
Increased diabetes morbidities
Increased mortality
Teneligliptin is a novel DPP-4 inhibitor for treating type 2 diabetes. Clinical trials showed that teneligliptin alone or in combination with other oral medications improved HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose over 12-52 weeks. It provided 24-hour glycemic control and better postprandial insulin secretion compared to other DPP-4 inhibitors. Teneligliptin increased active GLP-1 and GIP levels and reduced postprandial glucagon with a low risk of hypoglycemia.
This document provides information about insulin therapy. It defines insulin as a polypeptide hormone secreted by the pancreas that has profound effects on carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism. Insulin deficiency results in hyperglycemia and other metabolic defects. The discovery of insulin in the 1920s by Banting and Best was a major medical milestone. Insulin is now manufactured recombinantly and comes in various rapid, short, intermediate, and long-acting forms to match physiological insulin secretion. Basal bolus regimens using basal and pre-meal bolus insulin are commonly used. New delivery methods like insulin pumps provide more flexibility but also challenges. Proper insulin storage and administration technique are important for effectiveness and safety.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a significant public health problem associated with many debilitating health conditions
This presentation will briefly tackle management of Diabetes
There are several types of insulin that differ in their onset of action, peak time, and duration. Rapid-acting insulin starts working within 15 minutes and has a duration of 3-4 hours. Regular or short-acting insulin starts within 30 minutes and lasts 6 hours. Intermediate-acting insulin starts within 2-4 hours and lasts 12 hours. Long-acting insulin starts within 2-4 hours and lasts up to 24 hours. Premixed insulin starts working within 15-30 minutes and lasts 12-16 hours. Inhaled insulin starts within 10 minutes and lasts 3 hours. The document also discusses the properties and uses of different insulin analogs and human insulins.
Insulin is a hormone released by the pancreas that helps the body use glucose from carbohydrates for energy. In type 1 diabetes, the pancreas fails to produce insulin, and in type 2 diabetes the body does not properly use insulin. High blood glucose levels over long periods can damage blood vessels and organs. Different types of insulin have varying onsets and durations of action to maintain normal blood glucose. Nurses must properly administer insulin subcutaneously, monitor blood glucose levels, and document care to safely manage diabetes.
Insulin is a peptide hormone that regulates blood glucose levels. It was discovered in 1921 and is now produced through recombinant DNA technology. Insulin is composed of two polypeptide chains connected by disulfide bonds. It is derived from proinsulin and cleaved to form the A and B chains. Insulin is secreted in response to increased blood glucose to promote glucose uptake. Lack of insulin production causes diabetes, which is managed through insulin therapy via injections or pumps. Various insulin types exist based on their duration of action. Monoclonal antibodies targeting insulin and related proteins are used to study diabetes and develop new treatments.
nursing education program about insulin useIchhyaAdhikari
By the end of the presentation, nurses will understand diabetes and insulin therapy. They will know the criteria for diagnosing diabetes, the different types of insulin and regimens, proper administration and storage techniques, and how to use insulin devices. The document discusses myths about insulin, outlines the types and classification of diabetes, and covers topics like symptoms, goals of treatment, insulin types and regimens, administration techniques, storage, and more. Nurses will gain knowledge on properly managing diabetes with insulin.
This document discusses antidiabetic drugs used to treat diabetes mellitus. It describes the two main types of diabetes and then focuses on insulin and oral hypoglycemic agents. Insulin is described in detail including its mechanism of action, types, administration, and potential complications. Oral hypoglycemic agents discussed include sulfonylureas, which stimulate insulin release, and biguanides like metformin, which lower hepatic glucose production and increase insulin sensitivity. The document provides information on the mechanisms, pharmacokinetics, uses, and adverse effects of these important antidiabetic medications.
PID
Developed by University of Virginia. No published data.
Glucommander
PID
Developed by University of Colorado. No published data.
Glycemic
Management
System
PID
Developed by University of Pittsburgh. No published data.
GlucoStabilizer
PID
Developed by University of Padua. No published data.
GlucoDose
PID
Developed by University of Virginia. No published data.
28
References:
1. Klonoff DC. Automated insulin delivery: the perspective of the artificial pancreas project. J Diabetes Sci
Technol. 2011;5(5):10
1. The document discusses different types of insulin, including their onset, peak, and duration of action.
2. It describes insulin treatment regimens like split-mixed, premixed, and basal-bolus approaches.
3. Guidelines are provided for starting basal insulin and advancing to a basal-bolus regimen, including dose adjustment based on blood glucose levels.
The topic of insulin is broken down. Learn about the different types of insulin, it's characteristics and more! Insulin pills? Painful injections? We answer all of your concerns and questions!
Liberty Medical
Based on the information provided:
- Patient has had type 2 diabetes for 15 years
- Current HbA1c is 8.5%, indicating suboptimal glycemic control
- He is post-MI, increasing his cardiovascular risk
- Current medications include metformin and sulfonylurea, but glycemic targets are not being met
The next appropriate step would be to initiate basal insulin therapy in addition to continuing the oral medications. Starting with a long-acting basal insulin like glargine once daily would help improve fasting glucose control and lower HbA1c while minimizing hypoglycemia risk. The oral agents could be continued to provide additional glycemic benefits. Basal insulin represents a relatively simple and effective way
Human insulin is produced by growing insulin proteins in E. coli bacteria. There are three main types of insulin based on onset, peak effect, and duration: fast-acting insulin works within 15 minutes for meals; intermediate-acting insulin lasts over 12 hours for overnight control; and long-acting insulin has a stable effect for most of the day. Insulin is usually injected subcutaneously using a disposable insulin pen, ampoules for multi-use pens, or an insulin pump.
Recent advances in insulin manufacturing and treatmentjinanAlmousawy
This document discusses recent advances in insulin manufacturing and treatment. It describes the different types of diabetes and insulin, including rapid-acting, short-acting, intermediate-acting, and long-acting insulin. It explains insulin pens, injection techniques, recommended injection sites, and insulin pump therapy. The advantages and disadvantages of various insulin delivery methods are presented.
Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that helps the body use glucose for energy. It works by lowering blood sugar levels after meals. People with type 1 diabetes do not produce insulin and must take insulin injections, while some people with type 2 diabetes may require insulin if pills are not enough. There are several types of insulin that differ in how quickly they work and how long their effects last. Proper insulin storage, injection technique, and timing in relation to meals is important for managing diabetes.
The document summarizes a randomized study comparing basal-bolus insulin therapy to sliding scale regular insulin for managing hyperglycemia in non-critically ill patients. The study found that 66% of patients treated with basal insulin glargine plus bolus insulin glulisine were within the glucose target of 140 mg/dL, compared to 38% of patients treated with sliding scale regular insulin. Basal-bolus therapy provides more effective glycemic control with no increase in hypoglycemia. The document then provides details on calculating and adjusting basal and bolus insulin doses.
- The patient has type 2 diabetes and stage 3 chronic kidney disease, so metformin was discontinued.
- Liraglutide treatment has been shown to decrease the risk of cardiovascular death but not cause significant weight loss or increase cancer risk.
- Glyburide should be avoided given the patient's low GFR, while linagliptin can be used.
- Most insulins can be used but doses may need adjusting to avoid hypoglycemia risk from prolonged half-lives in kidney disease. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists are also options but can increase hypoglycemia risk if used with insulin.
Summary of the function, the history, the options and halal status of insulin. based on CPG Diabetes Mellitus 5th edition , Malaysia
what is insulin
what happenned in Type 1 and Type 2 DM
history of insulin production
Chronology of insulin production
human vs animal insulin
insulin in Malaysia
discussion about halal and haram concept in medicine
This document discusses gestational diabetes, its causes, effects, and treatment options. It defines gestational diabetes as a form of diabetes that arises during pregnancy due to placental hormones interfering with insulin production. Left untreated, gestational diabetes can increase risks for both mother and baby during pregnancy and delivery. The document recommends treating gestational diabetes through medical nutrition therapy, glucose monitoring, and insulin when needed to control blood sugar levels and minimize risks.
This document discusses insulin analogues, which are genetically engineered versions of human insulin that have altered pharmacokinetic properties. It describes the classification of insulin analogues as either short-acting like lispro, aspart, and glulisine, or long-acting like glargine, detemir, and degludec. Insulin analogues were developed to overcome limitations of standard insulins like regular and NPH insulins in order to better mimic the body's natural insulin secretion and reduce risks of hypoglycemia. While analogues provide benefits like improved glucose control and flexibility, their higher cost is a drawback.
This document discusses hormonal drugs and hormones, focusing on insulin and diabetes mellitus. It describes the sources and types of hormones in the body. It provides details on how insulin affects metabolism, the symptoms of insufficient insulin, and complications of diabetes. It discusses classifications of diabetes, types of insulin delivery, rules for mixing insulin drugs, and indications for insulin usage. It also summarizes traditional and intensive insulin therapy and the treatment of hyperglycemic ketoacidic coma.
Ueda2015 giudelines type 1 dr.hesham el-hefnawyueda2015
- Prof. Dr. Mohamed Hesham El-Hefnawy is the Dean of Egypt National Institute for Diabetes & Endocrinology. He has certifications in medical diabetes education and is a professor of diabetes and endocrinology.
- The document discusses guidelines for type 1 diabetes management, including recommendations for initial insulin dosing ranges, classifying basal and bolus insulin, and tips for titrating insulin doses based on factors like glucose monitoring, activity levels, and medical conditions.
- Methods of insulin injection like syringes and pen devices are outlined as well as why the slides are presented in white color.
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by...Donc Test
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