The document discusses representing numeric systems using a Multisim simulation with LEDs and resistors. It begins with introductions to binary, octal, hexadecimal, and decimal numeric systems. It then shows circuits used to represent sample numbers in each system by mapping binary digits to activated LEDs. Conversions between numeric systems are also demonstrated. The goal is to reinforce understanding of numeric systems that are important for digital electronics.
The document describes a student's practice assignment on Boolean algebra using logic gates. It includes an introduction explaining the importance of understanding logic gates and their characteristics based on Boolean algebra. The main body defines common logic gates like AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR and XOR. It then shows how to simulate the logic gates using Multisim software and check their truth tables. The document concludes by using the basic gates to implement a half adder circuit and check its truth table.
Circuits are designed using logic gates to control the flow of electronic signals, with basic gates including NOT, AND, OR, and XOR gates. More complex circuits can be created by combining logic gates, such as half and full adders used to perform binary addition. Specialized circuits are designed using a process of identifying inputs/outputs, determining necessary logic gates, constructing truth tables, and evaluating circuit design.
The document provides details about demonstration experiments involving logic gates and transformers.
It describes the basic logic gates - OR, AND, NOT, NOR, NAND, EXOR and EXNOR - and provides their truth tables and circuit designs. It also explains the working of step-down and step-up transformers through circuit diagrams and discusses transformer ratio, efficiency and various energy losses in transformers.
Physics investigatory project for class 12 logic gatesbiswanath dehuri
This document provides an overview of digital electronics and Boolean algebra. It discusses digital and analog signals, different number systems including binary, and basic logic gates. Boolean algebra rules are also covered, including commutative, associative, distributive, AND, and OR laws. Common digital applications are listed such as industrial controls, medical equipment, and communications systems. The key advantages of digital systems are accuracy, versatility, less noise and distortion.
This document describes designing and building an OR gate circuit using diodes, LEDs, resistors, and toggle switches. It begins by stating the aim to understand how an OR gate works using p-n junction diodes and to build a circuit. It then provides an introduction to OR gates and their truth table. The rest of the document details the components used, theory of operation, the circuit diagram, and how the circuit works for each combination of switch inputs. It concludes that the output matched the expected truth table.
The document discusses digital logic design and Boolean algebra. It covers topics like logic gates, truth tables, Boolean expressions, simplifying expressions using identities like DeMorgan's laws, converting between sum of products and product of sums forms. Circuit examples are provided to illustrate converting circuits to truth tables. The dual principle and product terms are also introduced.
This time I am presenting you Physics Investigatory Project for class 12 on the topic "TO DESIGN APPROPRIATE LOGIC GATE COMBINATION FOR GIVEN TRUTH TABLE"
The document describes a student's practice assignment on Boolean algebra using logic gates. It includes an introduction explaining the importance of understanding logic gates and their characteristics based on Boolean algebra. The main body defines common logic gates like AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR and XOR. It then shows how to simulate the logic gates using Multisim software and check their truth tables. The document concludes by using the basic gates to implement a half adder circuit and check its truth table.
Circuits are designed using logic gates to control the flow of electronic signals, with basic gates including NOT, AND, OR, and XOR gates. More complex circuits can be created by combining logic gates, such as half and full adders used to perform binary addition. Specialized circuits are designed using a process of identifying inputs/outputs, determining necessary logic gates, constructing truth tables, and evaluating circuit design.
The document provides details about demonstration experiments involving logic gates and transformers.
It describes the basic logic gates - OR, AND, NOT, NOR, NAND, EXOR and EXNOR - and provides their truth tables and circuit designs. It also explains the working of step-down and step-up transformers through circuit diagrams and discusses transformer ratio, efficiency and various energy losses in transformers.
Physics investigatory project for class 12 logic gatesbiswanath dehuri
This document provides an overview of digital electronics and Boolean algebra. It discusses digital and analog signals, different number systems including binary, and basic logic gates. Boolean algebra rules are also covered, including commutative, associative, distributive, AND, and OR laws. Common digital applications are listed such as industrial controls, medical equipment, and communications systems. The key advantages of digital systems are accuracy, versatility, less noise and distortion.
This document describes designing and building an OR gate circuit using diodes, LEDs, resistors, and toggle switches. It begins by stating the aim to understand how an OR gate works using p-n junction diodes and to build a circuit. It then provides an introduction to OR gates and their truth table. The rest of the document details the components used, theory of operation, the circuit diagram, and how the circuit works for each combination of switch inputs. It concludes that the output matched the expected truth table.
The document discusses digital logic design and Boolean algebra. It covers topics like logic gates, truth tables, Boolean expressions, simplifying expressions using identities like DeMorgan's laws, converting between sum of products and product of sums forms. Circuit examples are provided to illustrate converting circuits to truth tables. The dual principle and product terms are also introduced.
This time I am presenting you Physics Investigatory Project for class 12 on the topic "TO DESIGN APPROPRIATE LOGIC GATE COMBINATION FOR GIVEN TRUTH TABLE"
The document describes various logic gates - OR, AND, NOT, NOR, and NAND. It provides the circuit design and truth tables for each gate. The OR gate can be realized using two diodes and will output 1 if either input is 1. The AND gate uses two diodes and a resistor, and will only output 1 if both inputs are 1. A NOT gate inverts the input and can be made with a transistor. A NOR gate consists of an OR gate followed by a NOT gate, while a NAND gate is an AND gate followed by a NOT.
Physics Investigatory project Class 12 Logic GatesRaghav Rathi
Raghav Rathi, a student of XII Science, completed an investigatory project on logic gates under the guidance of Ma'am Urmila at Bright India Public School during the 2017-2018 academic year. The project report discusses the basic logic gates - OR, AND, NOT, NOR, NAND, EX-OR and EX-NOR - through their truth tables and circuit diagrams. It explains how each gate can be designed using components like diodes, transistors and resistors. The conclusion states that logic gates are essential building blocks of modern electronics and universal gates like NAND and NOR can be used to construct all other basic gates.
This document provides an overview of digital logic circuits. It begins with an introduction to logic gates and Boolean algebra. Common logic gates like AND, OR, NAND, NOR, XOR and their truth tables are defined. Boolean algebra identities and theorems like De Morgan's theorem are discussed. Karnaugh maps are introduced as a method to simplify Boolean functions into their sum of products form. The document explains how to implement logic functions from their Karnaugh map representation using AND and OR gates. It provides examples of logic circuit design, equivalent circuits, and simplifying Boolean functions.
This document outlines the syllabus for the subject Digital Principles and System Design. It contains 5 units that cover topics such as Boolean algebra, logic gates, combinational logic, sequential logic, asynchronous sequential logic, memory and programmable logic. The objectives of the course are to understand logic simplification methods, design combinational and sequential logic circuits using HDL, understand various types of memory and programmable devices. The syllabus allocates 45 periods to cover all the units in depth. Relevant textbooks and references are also provided.
physics investigatory project class 12 on logic gates ,boolean algebrasukhtej
The document discusses logic gates and their applications. It begins by defining logic gates and their basic components. It then provides details on designing and simulating various logic gate circuits including OR, AND, NOT, NOR, NAND, XOR, XNOR gates. Finally, it discusses some common applications of logic gates such as using OR gates to detect events, AND gates as enable/inhibit gates, XOR/XNOR gates for parity generation/checking, and NOT gates as inverters in oscillators.
This document discusses digital logic gates and integrated circuits. It describes the NAND gate and how it is constructed from an AND gate and inverter. It explains that integrated circuit chips contain networks of transistors to perform logic functions and discusses the common 7400 series chips. It then gives details on an experiment to design and simulate OR, NAND, AND, and NOR logic gates using integrated circuits, LEDs, resistors, and a breadboard. Truth tables are provided to summarize the output for each gate based on the input values.
This document discusses complex integrated circuits used in logic design including multiplexers, decoders, and programmable logic devices. It provides details on 4 categories of integrated circuits based on the number of gates - SSI, MSI, LSI, and VLSI. Multiplexers are described as circuits that select one of several data inputs to connect to the output based on the control inputs. Decoders are the inverse, detecting a particular input and activating the corresponding output. Programmable logic devices can be programmed to provide different logic functions, allowing for changes without rewiring the system.
This chapter discusses Boolean algebra and its applications to digital circuits. It introduces Boolean logic gates like AND, OR, and NOT and how they are used to build combinatorial logic circuits. Boolean expressions can be represented by logic gates and switching circuits, with equivalent circuits producing the same outputs for all inputs. Boolean algebra laws and theorems allow simplifying expressions and minimizing circuits. The chapter aims to describe how Boolean logic underlies the functioning of digital circuits used in computers and electronics.
We have previously tried to make the LED marked with "L" blink on Arduino UNO board. Now let us use electronic components and code to reproduce the phenomenon, and try to understand the principle among them.
verification of logic gates cbse class 12Kirthi Kirthu
This document describes a physics investigatory project on logic gates submitted by S. Kiruthiga of Kendriya Vidyalaya, Dharmapuri. It includes an introduction to logic gates, their basic principles and types including OR, AND, NOT, NOR and NAND gates. Circuit diagrams and truth tables are provided for each gate. The project was guided by [name removed] and certifies this as Kiruthiga's bona fide work.
The document is a physics project report submitted by Saurav Kumar of Class 12th Section A1. The report describes the design and simulation of various logic gates like OR, AND, NOT, NOR, NAND, XOR and XNOR gates. Circuit diagrams and truth tables are provided to explain the working principle of each logic gate. The project aims to design an appropriate logic gate for a given truth table.
Digital electronics & microprocessor Batu- s y computer engineering- arvind p...ARVIND PANDE
Unit-1 Digital signals, digital circuits, AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR and Exclusive-OR operations, Boolean algebra, examples of IC gates,
Number Systems: binary, signed binary, octal hexadecimal number, binary arithmetic, one’s and two’s complements arithmetic, codes, error detecting and correcting codes.
This document discusses diode logic circuits. It describes a two-diode OR gate that outputs high if either input is high. A two-diode AND gate only outputs high if both inputs are high. It also shows a circuit to implement the special distributive law (A + B)(A + C) = A + BC using diodes, OR gates, and AND gates.
This document describes Virat Prasad's class project to design and simulate logic gate circuits. It includes an introduction to logic gates, descriptions of common logic gates like OR, AND, NOT, NOR and NAND gates. Truth tables and circuit diagrams are provided to explain the working of each gate. The document also acknowledges those who helped with the project and provided a bibliography.
Physics investigatgory project on logic gates class 12appietech
This document describes various logic gates and their workings. It begins with introducing logic gates and their basic components like inputs, outputs, truth tables, and Boolean algebra. It then explains the OR gate, AND gate, NOT gate, NOR gate, NAND gate, EX-OR gate, and EX-NOR gate through their circuit diagrams and truth tables. Each gate is constructed using basic electronic components like diodes, transistors, and resistors. The document concludes that logic gates are fundamental building blocks of modern electronics and digital circuits.
The document discusses minterms, maxterms, and their representation using shorthand notation in digital logic. It also covers the steps to obtain the shorthand notation for minterms and maxterms. Standard forms such as SOP and POS are introduced along with methods to simplify boolean functions into canonical forms using Karnaugh maps. The implementation of boolean functions using NAND and NOR gates is also described through examples.
This document describes an exercise to implement basic logic circuits using an FPGA development board. It involves:
1. Creating a circuit to read input switches and display their states on LEDs.
2. Designing a 4-bit 2-to-1 multiplexer circuit to select between two 4-bit inputs based on a selection bit.
3. Building a 2-bit wide 3-to-1 multiplexer using two 2-to-1 multiplexers to select between three 2-bit inputs.
The circuits are tested by toggling switches and observing the output LEDs. This allows learning how to interface
inputs and outputs to an FPGA and implement basic multiplexer logic.
This document is the preface of a textbook on switching theory and logic design. It provides an overview of the textbook's contents and objectives. The textbook aims to develop the reader's ability to analyze and design digital circuits. It contains 11 chapters covering topics such as number systems, Boolean algebra, logic gates, combinational logic, sequential circuits, finite state machines, and algorithmic state machines. The preface encourages readers to work through examples and figures to fully understand the advanced concepts presented. It also welcomes feedback to improve future editions.
The document discusses different number systems including binary, octal, decimal, and hexadecimal. It provides details on each system such as the base, digits used, applications, and how to convert between them. Binary uses only 0s and 1s and is the most fundamental system used in computing. Octal uses digits 0-7, with applications including older computer architectures. Decimal uses 0-9 and is the most common. Hexadecimal uses 0-9 and A-F, with each digit representing 4 bits, making it convenient for displaying colors and memory addresses.
The document describes various logic gates - OR, AND, NOT, NOR, and NAND. It provides the circuit design and truth tables for each gate. The OR gate can be realized using two diodes and will output 1 if either input is 1. The AND gate uses two diodes and a resistor, and will only output 1 if both inputs are 1. A NOT gate inverts the input and can be made with a transistor. A NOR gate consists of an OR gate followed by a NOT gate, while a NAND gate is an AND gate followed by a NOT.
Physics Investigatory project Class 12 Logic GatesRaghav Rathi
Raghav Rathi, a student of XII Science, completed an investigatory project on logic gates under the guidance of Ma'am Urmila at Bright India Public School during the 2017-2018 academic year. The project report discusses the basic logic gates - OR, AND, NOT, NOR, NAND, EX-OR and EX-NOR - through their truth tables and circuit diagrams. It explains how each gate can be designed using components like diodes, transistors and resistors. The conclusion states that logic gates are essential building blocks of modern electronics and universal gates like NAND and NOR can be used to construct all other basic gates.
This document provides an overview of digital logic circuits. It begins with an introduction to logic gates and Boolean algebra. Common logic gates like AND, OR, NAND, NOR, XOR and their truth tables are defined. Boolean algebra identities and theorems like De Morgan's theorem are discussed. Karnaugh maps are introduced as a method to simplify Boolean functions into their sum of products form. The document explains how to implement logic functions from their Karnaugh map representation using AND and OR gates. It provides examples of logic circuit design, equivalent circuits, and simplifying Boolean functions.
This document outlines the syllabus for the subject Digital Principles and System Design. It contains 5 units that cover topics such as Boolean algebra, logic gates, combinational logic, sequential logic, asynchronous sequential logic, memory and programmable logic. The objectives of the course are to understand logic simplification methods, design combinational and sequential logic circuits using HDL, understand various types of memory and programmable devices. The syllabus allocates 45 periods to cover all the units in depth. Relevant textbooks and references are also provided.
physics investigatory project class 12 on logic gates ,boolean algebrasukhtej
The document discusses logic gates and their applications. It begins by defining logic gates and their basic components. It then provides details on designing and simulating various logic gate circuits including OR, AND, NOT, NOR, NAND, XOR, XNOR gates. Finally, it discusses some common applications of logic gates such as using OR gates to detect events, AND gates as enable/inhibit gates, XOR/XNOR gates for parity generation/checking, and NOT gates as inverters in oscillators.
This document discusses digital logic gates and integrated circuits. It describes the NAND gate and how it is constructed from an AND gate and inverter. It explains that integrated circuit chips contain networks of transistors to perform logic functions and discusses the common 7400 series chips. It then gives details on an experiment to design and simulate OR, NAND, AND, and NOR logic gates using integrated circuits, LEDs, resistors, and a breadboard. Truth tables are provided to summarize the output for each gate based on the input values.
This document discusses complex integrated circuits used in logic design including multiplexers, decoders, and programmable logic devices. It provides details on 4 categories of integrated circuits based on the number of gates - SSI, MSI, LSI, and VLSI. Multiplexers are described as circuits that select one of several data inputs to connect to the output based on the control inputs. Decoders are the inverse, detecting a particular input and activating the corresponding output. Programmable logic devices can be programmed to provide different logic functions, allowing for changes without rewiring the system.
This chapter discusses Boolean algebra and its applications to digital circuits. It introduces Boolean logic gates like AND, OR, and NOT and how they are used to build combinatorial logic circuits. Boolean expressions can be represented by logic gates and switching circuits, with equivalent circuits producing the same outputs for all inputs. Boolean algebra laws and theorems allow simplifying expressions and minimizing circuits. The chapter aims to describe how Boolean logic underlies the functioning of digital circuits used in computers and electronics.
We have previously tried to make the LED marked with "L" blink on Arduino UNO board. Now let us use electronic components and code to reproduce the phenomenon, and try to understand the principle among them.
verification of logic gates cbse class 12Kirthi Kirthu
This document describes a physics investigatory project on logic gates submitted by S. Kiruthiga of Kendriya Vidyalaya, Dharmapuri. It includes an introduction to logic gates, their basic principles and types including OR, AND, NOT, NOR and NAND gates. Circuit diagrams and truth tables are provided for each gate. The project was guided by [name removed] and certifies this as Kiruthiga's bona fide work.
The document is a physics project report submitted by Saurav Kumar of Class 12th Section A1. The report describes the design and simulation of various logic gates like OR, AND, NOT, NOR, NAND, XOR and XNOR gates. Circuit diagrams and truth tables are provided to explain the working principle of each logic gate. The project aims to design an appropriate logic gate for a given truth table.
Digital electronics & microprocessor Batu- s y computer engineering- arvind p...ARVIND PANDE
Unit-1 Digital signals, digital circuits, AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR and Exclusive-OR operations, Boolean algebra, examples of IC gates,
Number Systems: binary, signed binary, octal hexadecimal number, binary arithmetic, one’s and two’s complements arithmetic, codes, error detecting and correcting codes.
This document discusses diode logic circuits. It describes a two-diode OR gate that outputs high if either input is high. A two-diode AND gate only outputs high if both inputs are high. It also shows a circuit to implement the special distributive law (A + B)(A + C) = A + BC using diodes, OR gates, and AND gates.
This document describes Virat Prasad's class project to design and simulate logic gate circuits. It includes an introduction to logic gates, descriptions of common logic gates like OR, AND, NOT, NOR and NAND gates. Truth tables and circuit diagrams are provided to explain the working of each gate. The document also acknowledges those who helped with the project and provided a bibliography.
Physics investigatgory project on logic gates class 12appietech
This document describes various logic gates and their workings. It begins with introducing logic gates and their basic components like inputs, outputs, truth tables, and Boolean algebra. It then explains the OR gate, AND gate, NOT gate, NOR gate, NAND gate, EX-OR gate, and EX-NOR gate through their circuit diagrams and truth tables. Each gate is constructed using basic electronic components like diodes, transistors, and resistors. The document concludes that logic gates are fundamental building blocks of modern electronics and digital circuits.
The document discusses minterms, maxterms, and their representation using shorthand notation in digital logic. It also covers the steps to obtain the shorthand notation for minterms and maxterms. Standard forms such as SOP and POS are introduced along with methods to simplify boolean functions into canonical forms using Karnaugh maps. The implementation of boolean functions using NAND and NOR gates is also described through examples.
This document describes an exercise to implement basic logic circuits using an FPGA development board. It involves:
1. Creating a circuit to read input switches and display their states on LEDs.
2. Designing a 4-bit 2-to-1 multiplexer circuit to select between two 4-bit inputs based on a selection bit.
3. Building a 2-bit wide 3-to-1 multiplexer using two 2-to-1 multiplexers to select between three 2-bit inputs.
The circuits are tested by toggling switches and observing the output LEDs. This allows learning how to interface
inputs and outputs to an FPGA and implement basic multiplexer logic.
This document is the preface of a textbook on switching theory and logic design. It provides an overview of the textbook's contents and objectives. The textbook aims to develop the reader's ability to analyze and design digital circuits. It contains 11 chapters covering topics such as number systems, Boolean algebra, logic gates, combinational logic, sequential circuits, finite state machines, and algorithmic state machines. The preface encourages readers to work through examples and figures to fully understand the advanced concepts presented. It also welcomes feedback to improve future editions.
The document discusses different number systems including binary, octal, decimal, and hexadecimal. It provides details on each system such as the base, digits used, applications, and how to convert between them. Binary uses only 0s and 1s and is the most fundamental system used in computing. Octal uses digits 0-7, with applications including older computer architectures. Decimal uses 0-9 and is the most common. Hexadecimal uses 0-9 and A-F, with each digit representing 4 bits, making it convenient for displaying colors and memory addresses.
This document provides information about digital electronics and different number systems used in digital systems. It begins with an overview of digital electronics and its applications beyond just computers. It then discusses analog vs digital quantities and representations. The main number systems covered are decimal, binary, octal, and hexadecimal. The document explains that computers use binary numbers internally and discusses why binary is used over decimal. It provides details on the characteristics and bases of each number system.
Mathematical concepts and their applications: Number systemJesstern Rays
The document discusses various number systems including binary and hexadecimal used in computing. It explains how binary represents numbers as 1s and 0s and is used in electronics like transistors and to represent text, images, and more. Hexadecimal is also introduced which uses 16 symbols to efficiently represent more characters using fewer bits than binary. Color codes in computing are represented using hexadecimal values for red, green, and blue components.
The document provides lecture notes on digital logic design that cover the following topics:
1. It introduces the concepts of binary systems, number bases, binary arithmetic, complements and binary codes.
2. Boolean algebra and gate level logic minimization techniques such as Karnaugh maps are discussed.
3. The design of combinational logic circuits including adders, decoders and multiplexers is examined.
4. Sequential logic circuits including latches, flip-flops, shift registers and finite state machines are explored.
5. Memory systems such as RAM, ROM and cache are covered.
Introduction and Applications of Discrete Mathematicsblaircomp2003
This document provides an introduction to the course "Introduction to Discrete Mathematics". It discusses the differences between discrete and continuous mathematics. Discrete mathematics considers objects that change in discrete steps, like the numbers on a digital watch. Continuous mathematics looks at objects that vary smoothly over time. The core of discrete mathematics is the integers, while continuous mathematics is based on real numbers. Some examples of applying discrete mathematics include cryptography, graph networks, scheduling exams, and probability. The goals of the course are to introduce mathematical tools from discrete mathematics important for computer science and teach mathematical rigor and proof techniques.
Human: Thank you for the summary. You captured the key points about the differences between discrete and continuous mathematics, examples of applying discrete mathematics, and goals
This document provides an overview of the history of computing and how computers store data. It discusses:
- Gottfried Leibniz inventing binary arithmetic in the 17th century, which became the basis for how computers represent numbers.
- How early computers used mechanical switches to represent 1s and 0s, with switches in the on position representing 1 and off representing 0.
- Each byte in a computer's memory being divided into eight bits, with each bit representing a digit in the binary number system.
- Larger numbers being stored across multiple bytes, with the maximum value storable in a single byte being 255 and across two bytes being 65,535.
- A brief history of
The binary number system originated as a need for a more sophisticated numbering system for computers and technology. It represents numbers using only two digits, 0 and 1, which map to the on/off states in digital circuits. Some key advantages of the binary system include its simplicity for computer operations like addition, its ability to represent a wide range of values with minimal circuitry, and its lower resource requirements which reduce costs. It has become ubiquitous in digital electronics and computing since it was first introduced in the early 18th century.
The document discusses different number systems including decimal, binary, hexadecimal, and octal number systems. It explains the basics of each system, such as the base and place value representation. It also covers how to perform operations like addition, subtraction, and conversion between the different number systems. Converting between binary and hexadecimal involves grouping bits into nibbles (4 bits) or nybbles (3 bits). Subtraction in computers is performed using two's complement by adding the complement of the subtrahend. Understanding number systems is important for computer science topics that involve binary, memory addresses, and color representation.
Course in digital electronics. Numeration systems, Logic Gates, Boolean Algebra, Digital Arithmetic, Combinatory Logic, Sequential Logic, Counters, Digital Storage. By NGOUNE Jean-Paul.
This document discusses analog and digital electronics. It begins by explaining that analog electronics deals with continuous signals while digital electronics deals with discrete signals. It then discusses how digital techniques grew tremendously after 1938 when Claude Shannon systemized George Boole's theoretical work. Finally, it covers various number systems such as binary, decimal, octal, and hexadecimal and how to convert between them.
This document discusses number systems and conversions between number systems. It begins by introducing analog and digital electronics, and analog and digital signals. It then discusses different number systems including binary, decimal, octal and hexadecimal. The main methods covered are:
1) Converting a decimal number to binary, octal or hexadecimal using repeated division and noting the remainders.
2) Converting a binary, octal or hexadecimal number to decimal by multiplying each digit by its place value weight.
3) Conversions can also be done between binary and octal by grouping bits into groups of three.
This document discusses analog and digital electronics. It begins by explaining that analog electronics deals with continuous signals while digital electronics deals with discrete signals. It then discusses how digital techniques grew tremendously after 1938 when Claude Shannon systemized George Boole's theoretical work. Finally, it covers various number systems such as binary, decimal, octal, and hexadecimal and how to convert between them.
The document discusses the symbols used by the ENIC group to represent their identity, including their name and a photo of people using the ENIAC machine. The ENIAC was the first electronic computer used for general purposes like solving numerical problems. The symbols reflect honoring achievements in the field while looking toward future development. The group has a good team dynamic with strong bonds and everyone understands their roles, having worked together since 2017.
This document provides an overview of data representation in computer systems. It discusses how computers use binary numeric codes to represent different types of data like text, numbers, graphics and audio. These codes allow computers to interpret raw sequences of 0s and 1s as meaningful information. The document then explains binary number systems in more detail, how decimal numbers can be converted to and from binary, and how bytes and bits are used to store data in computer memory and represent characters. Specific examples are given of how binary representations are used in applications like robotics to control devices.
This document discusses the history and reasons for applying numerical methods. It begins with a brief history of numerical methods from ancient civilizations making approximations to modern developments enabled by computers in the 1940s. It describes how numerical methods provide alternative solutions to problems that cannot be solved analytically. The document also defines concepts of accuracy, precision, and error in numerical methods. It distinguishes between inherent errors in data, rounding errors from limited significant figures, and truncation errors from treating approximations as exact.
It is a ppt on number system of computer science. It is relative to class 11th CBSE. This can help you to get quickly to through number system and help them to revise when needed.
This document discusses the history and development of numeral systems. It begins by explaining the key aspects of a numeral system and some of the earliest systems used, such as unary notation. It then describes the development of place-value systems, including the Hindu-Arabic decimal system. Various base systems are covered, such as base-2 (binary), base-5, base-8, base-10, base-12, base-20, and base-60. The document also discusses weighted and non-weighted binary coding systems, including excess-3 code and gray code. The history of binary numbers is outlined, from early concepts developed by ancient Indian and Chinese mathematicians to its modern implementation in digital circuits.
This presentation will help you with the current status of numbers, their conversions and things which it governs on and things which is totally dependent on numbers like our personal computers, etc.
1. The document discusses digital circuits and introduces the key differences between analog and digital signals. Analog signals are continuous in time and value, while digital signals are discrete in time and value, taking only binary values of 1 and 0.
2. It then covers digital systems, explaining they use a building block approach with logic gates. Digital signals only have two values, 1 and 0, representing the presence or absence of a condition.
3. The document compares analog and digital systems, noting digital systems are easier to design, more flexible, efficient at information storage, and less affected by noise than analog systems. Digital systems also have lower costs and greater accuracy.
Similar to Practica 1 representación de sistemas numéricos (20)
1. Instituto Tecnológico de Estudios
Superiores de Los Cabos
(Ing. Electromecánica)
“Representación de sistemas numéricos”
Asignatura: Electrónica Digital.
Docente: José Jesús Domínguez Carrillo
Grupo: 5IE-01M
Estudiante(s): Camacho Mendoza Javier de Jesús.
Número de control: 19380077.
Los Cabos, B.C.S., FECHA 30/09/2021.
3. Introducción
Desde tiempos tan remotos, han existido los sistemas numéricos ya que
estos tienen características que los convierten en lenguajes universales y fáciles de
expresar. Debemos de entender que un sistema de numeración como un conjunto
de símbolos y que son un conjunto de reglas de combinación de dichos símbolos
que nos permiten representar los números enteros y fraccionarios. Estos sistemas
numéricos, tienen distintas aplicaciones en las destaca la materia de electrónica
digital, ya que en esta rama nos permite el uso de estos sistemas y que nos permiten
construir sistemas complejos los cuales se basan en expresar operaciones
matemáticas que arrojan resultados que son posibles de utilizar dentro de
componentes electrónicos; un ejemplo de ello serían los teléfonos.
También conforme pase el tiempo existen sistemas numéricos que van quedando
obsoletos o no lo suficientemente competentes para realizar ciertas operaciones,
esto se debe a que los componentes electrónicos cada día evolucionan más con el
paso del tiempo y periódicamente se vuelven más complejos. Para el estudio de
esta asignatura es necesario comprender la mayoría de sistemas numéricos sean
viejos o nuevos, ya que estos pueden tener aplicaciones muy interesantes.
En esta práctica se plantea utilizar distintos sistemas numéricos con el fin de
aprender y comprender a cómo realizar los cálculos matemáticos correspondientes
al igual que representar dichos cálculos en una situación real o en este caso una
simulación en el software de Multisim.
Esto se llevara a cabo con el fin de reforzar el conocimiento respecto a estos
sistemas numéricos y así en el futuro aplicar dichos conocimientos en proyectos
relacionados con la rama y asignatura de electrónica digital. Deberemos de
comprender estos temas a su perfección ya que se trabajaran muchos temas que
se relacionen con estos sistemas numéricos que se utilizaran en dicha práctica.
En esta práctica se mostrara una serie de imágenes las cuales nos permitirán
entender las simulaciones que se realizaran en el software de NI Multisim para así
poder comprender estos sistemas numéricos.
4. Antecedentes
La historia de los números binarios se remonta hasta la antigüedad. Nacieron
con algunas culturas primitivas. El I Ching es una filosofía china que apareció
durante la dinastía Zhoe, hace más de 3000 años, que predica que el universo está
regido por el principio del cambio y la relación dialéctica entre los opuestos, que
pone de manifiesto el concepto taoísta del Yin y del Yang.
La estructura interna del I Ching se basa en la modificación binaria, y está
compuesta por ocho estados de cambio que se conocen con el nombre de trigramas
primarios, los cuales se pueden catalogar como equivalente del ADN humano.
Los unos y los ceros llevan milenios entre nosotros, desde algunas culturas
primitivas, pero las bombillas se han ido encendiendo poco a poco hasta llegar a su
actual omnipresencia en la electrónica. Primero fueron Leibniz y la aritmética, luego
Boole y la lógica, y finalmente Shannon y su idea de utilizar el álgebra de Boole para
simplificar los circuitos. Una historia apasionante hasta llegar a nuestro Smartphone.
Corría el año 1703 cuando el famoso matemático Gottfried Leibniz, archienemigo
de Newton, propuso la utilización del sistema de numeración binario para realizar
cálculos de forma sencilla y eficiente. No le hicieron mucho caso. Nuestros
antepasados siguieron empleando el sistema decimal por la razón más simple: los
humanos tenemos diez dedos en las manos. Nos resulta más sencillo contar así, de
diez en diez.
Actualmente las computadoras trabajan internamente con dos niveles de voltaje,
por lo que su sistema de numeración natural es el sistema binario (encendido 1,
apagado 0).
Marco teórico
Conceptos básicos
Números binarios: Un sistema binario o número, es un sistema de numeración en
el que los números se representan utilizando solamente las cifras cero y uno (0,1).
Se utilizan en ordenadores, pues trabajan internamente con dos niveles de voltaje,
por lo que su sistema de numeración natural es el sistema binario (encendido 1,
apagado 0).
5. Números octales: El sistema de numeración posicional cuya base es 8, se llama
octal utiliza los dígitos indio arábicos: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,7. En informática a veces se
utiliza la numeración octal en vez de la hexadecimal. Tienen la ventaja de que no
requiere utilizar otros símbolos diferentes de los dígitos.
Números hexadecimales: El sistema hexadecimal es una técnica de numeración
que tiene como base el 16. Se trata de un esquema alternativo al sistema binario y
al decimal.
Números decimales: El sistema decimal es una técnica de numeración en la que
las cantidades se representan utilizando como base aritmética el número diez y sus
potencias. Se trata del sistema de uso más común.
Elaboración de la práctica
Materiales a utilizar para la práctica
1. Software de simulación Multisim
2. 16 resistencias de 330 ohms
3. 16 leds color verde
4. 2 dips switch de 8 switches.
Representación del sistema binario.
6. Quedando de la siguiente manera los circuitos:
Este diagrama representado de esta forma representa un valor de 16 bits, con 16
diodos led que servirán para representar los siguientes valores o números.
330Ω
S1
330Ω
330Ω
330Ω
330Ω
330Ω
330Ω
330Ω
VCC
5.0V
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
VCC
5.0V
S2
330Ω
330Ω
330Ω
330Ω
330Ω
330Ω
330Ω
330Ω
13. Números decimales
Antes que nada, se tiene que realizar una conversión de decimal a binario, que
dando de tal forma:
Numero de Decimal a Binario Diagrama o simulación
(𝟏𝟎𝟏)𝟏𝟎:(𝟏𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟎𝟏)𝟐
(𝟗𝟔)𝟏𝟎:(𝟏𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎)𝟐
VCC
5.0V
S2
330Ω
330Ω
330Ω
330Ω
330Ω
330Ω
330Ω
330Ω
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
VCC
5.0V
S2
330Ω
330Ω
330Ω
330Ω
330Ω
330Ω
330Ω
330Ω
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
16. Conclusión
Como conclusión se pudo observar a lo largo de la practica el objetivo que
se tenía que era el expresar correctamente los resultados que se obtienen después
de la resolución de distintos métodos matemáticos debido a que los sistemas
numéricos que se emplearon para realización de esta práctica son de suma
importancia en la vida ya que estos son empleados técnicamente en todo lo que nos
rodea.
El razonamiento de los sistemas numéricos como los que se emplearon para
realizar dicha práctica son los siguientes: binario, octal, decimal y el hexadecimal,
estos son de mucha ayuda en la rama de la electrónica digital así como en la
asignatura.
La representación de los números que se calcularon mediante un diagrama de un
software de simulación que tiene como nombre (NI Multisim), este programa fue de
mucha ayuda, ya que ayudo a apreciar el funcionamiento de los números binarios
mediante un circuito simple utilizando los diodos led, siendo así el diodo el que
indicaba un valor que era el 0 apagado y el 1 encendido.
Esta práctica fue de suma importancia para tener conocimiento acerca de estos
temas y que son herramientas para resolver practicas futuras o proyectos
presentados en la materia o asignatura de electrónica digital, y que a subes sirve
para la carrera de ingeniería electromecánica.
Gracias a la práctica asignada por el profesor o ingeniero podemos desarrollar y
resolver dichos problemas que se estuvieron observando en clases, para desarrollar
el conocimiento adecuado para resolver estos problemas matemáticos.
17. Bibliografía
EcuRed. (30 de Septiembre de 2021). Sistema Octal. Obtenido de
https://www.ecured.cu/Sistema_octal
f.)., E. (. (28 de Septiembre de 2021). Sistema decimal. . Obtenido de
https://economipedia.com/definiciones/sistema-decimal.html
Ortiz, D. G. (27 de Septiembre de 2021). Sistema binario: unos y ceros través de la historia. Obtenido
de ThinkBig.: https://blogthinkbig.com/sistema-binario
Tutors., V. (27 de Septiembre de 2021). Números Hexadecimales. Obtenido de
https://www.varsitytutors.com/hotmath/hotmath_help/spanish/topics/hexadecimal-
numbers