Surgical shock can occur from circulatory failure leading to hypotension and cellular hypoxia. The main types are hypovolemic, distributive, cardiogenic, and obstructive shock. Hypovolemic shock results from reduced intravascular volume and is divided into hemorrhagic and nonhemorrhagic forms. Septic shock is the most common distributive shock caused by sepsis, which involves infection and organ dysfunction. Management of sepsis involves source control, antibiotics, fluids, and vasopressors like norepinephrine. Neurogenic shock results from spinal cord injury and features vasodilation. Anaphylactic shock is a severe allergic reaction treated with epinephrine, steroids, and anti