The document provides information about Damodar Valley Corporation (DVC), a river valley project in India. It discusses that DVC was the first multipurpose river valley project of independent India established in 1948. It generates, transmits and distributes electricity and facilitates irrigation and water supply. The document also provides details about DVC's infrastructure including its power generation capacity, transmission lines, and command area covered.

1. A
PRESENTATION
ON
DAMODAR VALLEY
CORPORATION
PRESENTED BY:
ANUJ KUMAR SINGH 1

2. Introduction of Damodar Valley Corporation(DVC)
 1st ever multipurpose river valley project of the
• DVC
independent government of India which came
into being on July 7, 1948
 DVC has been generating, transmitting and
distributing electrical energy since 1953.
 DVC facilitated irrigation as well as industrial
and domestic water supply
2

3. Corporate Mission
FLOOD CONTROL.
GENERATION, TRANSMISSION AND
DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRICAL
ENERGY.
WATER SUPPLY FOR INDUSTRIAL
AND DOMESTIC USE.
3

4. DVC INFRASTRUCTURE AT A GLANCE
DVC COMMAND AREA 24,235 sq.kms
POWER MANAGEMENT
TOTAL INSTALLED CAPACITY 2796.5 MW
THERMAL POWE R STATION FOUR
THERMAL CAPACITY 2570 MW
HYDEL POWER STATION THREE
HYDEL CAPACITY 147.2 MW
GAS TURBINE STATIOIN ONE
CAPACITY: 82.5 MW
SUB-STATION At 220 KV-11
At 220 KV-33
TRANSMISSION LINES At 220 KV-1342 Ckt.Kms
At 132 KV-3419 Ckt.Kms 4

5. Vary Small Aperture Terminal(VSAT)
VSAT networks provides:
• Reliability in transmission of data (data, voice, video)
• Allocation of resources to different users (bandwidth,
amplification power)
• Provide point-to-multipoint (broadcast), multipoint-to-
point (data collection), point-to-point communications
and broadband multimedia services.
• An ability to have direct access to users and user
premises.
5

6. VSAT Specification
Antenna diameter : 0.6m – 3.8m
Traffic Capacity : 9.6Kbps – 2Mbps
Frequency Bands : C-band (4-6Ghz),
Ku-Band (12-14Ghz),
Ka-Band (20-30Ghz)
Use of satellite : Geo-stationary satellite
(36,000km above equator)
Network : Point-to-point
Configuration : Point-to-multipoint
Equipment List :
– Antenna;
– Outdoor Unit (High Power Amplifier (HPA), Low Noise
Amplifier (LNA), Solid-State Power Amplifier (SSPA))
– Indoor Unit (chassis)
Note :
• Antenna size is used to describe the ability of the antenna to amplify
the signal strength;
6

7. VSAT Services
• Interactive real time application:
– Point of Sale/retail/Banking (eg. ATM)
– Corporate data
• Telephony
– Rural : individual subscribers
– Corporate Telephony
• Intranet, Internet and IP infrastructure
– Multimedia delivery (eg. video streaming)
– Interactive distance learning/ training
• Direct-to-home
– Broadband Internet access for consumers and
businesses
7

8. VSAT Accessing Scheme
The objective of VSAT networks:
- is to maximize the use of common satellite
and other resources amongst all VSAT
sites.
The method:
- by optimizing the use of satellite capacity,
and spectrum utilization in a flexible and
cost-effective manner.
8

9. VSAT Characteristic and
Advantage
• Reliability: Reliable satellite transmission
of data, voice and video between an
unlimited number of geographically
dispersed sites or from these sites to
headquarters
• Flexibility: The VSAT networks offer
enormous expansion capabilities; On the
other hand, VSATs offer unrestricted and
unlimited reach. Additional VSATs can be
rapidly installed to support the network
expansion to any site, no matter however
remote. 9

10. • Network Management: Network
monitoring and control of the entire VSAT
network is much simpler than a network of
leased lines, easily integrates end-to-end
monitoring and configuration control for all
network subsystems.
• A low mean-time to repair - few hours,
compare to leased lines which extends up
to a few days. Essentially, lesser elements
imply lower MTTR. Uptime of up to 99.5
percent is achievable on a VSAT network.
This is significantly higher than the typical
leased line uptime of approximately 80-
85%. 10

11. • Cost: VSAT network offers significant
savings over 2-3 years timeframe. The
service charges depend on the bandwidth
which is allocated to the network in line
with customer requirements.
• Link Budgets: RF equipment would cater
to the requirements of the network
topology and satellite modems in use. The
link Budget estimates the ground station
and satellite EIRP (Effective Isotropic
Radiated Power) required. Calculations of
signal levels through the system to ensure
the quality of service should normally be
done, prior to the establishment of a
satellite link. 11

12. Opportunities in VSAT technology
• Voice over IP (VoIP) via satellite
• Frame Relay via satellite
• ATM via satellite
• Video-on-demand via satellite
• Multimedia application
– Internet/e-mail connection
– Telemedicine
– Distance learning
12

13. Satellite Communication
is a technology of data transmission whether one-way data
broadcasting or two-way interactive using frequency
as a medium.
Consist of :
Space Segment or Satellite ( eg. Measat, Intelsat,
Inmarsat )
Ground Segment or earth station which includes
Antenna, Outdoor Unit, Inter Facility Link, Indoor Unit
and Customer Premises Equipmen.
13

14. Satellite Communication Concept
C Band – 4-6GHz
Ku Band -12-14GHz
Ka Band – 20-30GHz
Uplink Downlink
HPA 6 GHz 4 GHz LNA
Up Converter Down Converter
Satellite Modem Satellite Modem
CPE PSTN CPE PSTN
Transmitting Earth Receiving Earth
Station Station
Note :
HPA – High Power Amplifier (Earth station equipment that amplifies the
transmit RF signal. ), PSTN-(Public Switched Telephone Network ).
CPE – Customer Premises Equipment ( eg. Telephone, PABX, Ethernet Hub, 14
Host Server, etc.)

15. MEASATE (Malaysia East Asia
Satellite)
Measat Lounched in-1963.
15

16. Type of Satellite Service
• International Telephony – using Public Switched
Telephone Network (PSTN)
– Intermediate Data Rate (IDR)
– Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA)
• Broadcasting
– TV Uplink
– Television Receive Only (TVRO)
– Digital Satellite News Gathering (DSNG)
16

17. Accessing Scheme
17

18. TDMA (Time-Division Multiple
Access)
• When numerous remote sites communicate with
one central hub, this design is similar to packet-
switched networks.
• Because of competition with one another for
access to the central hub, it restrict the
maximum bandwidth to most cases is about 19.2
kbps.
18

19. TDMA (Time-Division Multiple
Access)
Petrol stations, information providers, retail chains, financial institutions and any
large corporation that requires transfers of low to medium rate data applications
between its head office and, local and outstation branch offices. Example of Point of
Sales (POS transactions), Credit Card Verification, Reservations Systems
Financial and Banking applications (teller, loans, ATM) etc. 19

20. SCPC (Single-Carrier Per
Channel)
• SCPC-based design provides a point-to-
point technology,
• Indicated bandwidth up to 2 Mbps
• Usually use in an international VSAT
services in Asia-Pacific.
20

21. SCPC (Single-Carrier Per
Channel)
In the Hub-to-Remote configuration, one end of the VSAT link (normally the
customer's HQ) is connected to the 11-meter VSAT Hub (Earth Station) via a
terrestrial leased line.
21

22. FDMA (Frequency Division Multiple Access)
• Oldest method for channel allocation.
• The satellite channel bandwidth is broken into
frequency bands for different earth stations.
• The earth stations must be carefully power-
controlled to prevent the microwave power
spilling into the bands for the other channels.
3 Type:
• PAMA (Pre-Assigned Multiple Access);
• DAMA (Demand Assigned Multiple Access); and
• CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access). 22

23. PAMA (Pre-Assigned Multiple Access)
• The VSATs are pre-allocated a designated
frequency Equivalent of the land based
leased line solutions.
• PAMA solutions use the satellite
resources constantly.
• PAMA connects high data traffic sites
within an organization.
23

24. DAMA (Demand Assigned Multiple Access);
• The network uses a pool of satellite channels, which are
available for use by any station in that network.
• On demand a pair of available channels is assigned, so
that a call can be established.
• Once the call is completed, the channels are returned to
the pool for an assignment to another call.
• DAMA offers point-to-point voice, fax, data requirements
and supports video-conferencing.
24

25. CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access)
• The data signal is combined with a high bit rate code
signal which is independent of the data.
• The incoming composite data/code signal with a locally
generated and correctly synchronized replica of the
code.
• Mainly used for interference rejection or for security
reasons in military systems.
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26. THANK YOU
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