The story is about Coachman Ali, who faithfully visits the post office every day for 5 years hoping for a letter from his daughter Miriam after her marriage. Ali is mocked by the post office employees but continues his daily visits with steadfast hope. Over time, Ali's health declines until he pleads with the rude postmaster for a letter. Before dying, Ali extracts a promise that any letter will be delivered to his grave. The postmaster then suffers from the same anxiety waiting for news of his daughter. Realizing Ali's pain, he remorsefully sees Ali at his door in a vision, understanding the depth of Ali's enduring love and the human need for connection.
The document summarizes the experiences of Major H.P.S. Ahluwalia, a member of the first successful Indian expedition to Mount Everest in 1965. When Ahluwalia reached the summit, he felt full of humility and thanked God for his physical success. He questioned why people risk climbing mountains, and concluded that it is because mountains present great difficulties that man enjoys overcoming. For Ahluwalia, mountains have offered physical, emotional and spiritual fulfillment since childhood, but climbing one's inner self is an even greater challenge.
Carl Sandburg was an American poet and writer who won three Pulitzer Prizes. One of his most famous poems is "Fog", which is only six lines long. The poem compares a fog rolling into a city and harbor to a kitten, describing how it comes in silently and sits looking over the landscape in the way a cat might. It sits silently on its haunches before moving on, mirroring how cats and fog are both transient presences that do not remain in one place for long.
The poem describes trees that have been kept inside a house moving back out into the forest at night. The trees' roots have been working to free themselves from the cracks in the veranda floor, and their leaves and branches strain toward the open glass, eager to leave. Though the forest is departing the house, the narrator sits inside writing letters without mentioning the trees' departure, as the fresh night allows the smell of leaves and lichen to still reach the rooms.
Belinda lives in a little white house with various pets including a little black kitten named Ink, a little gray mouse named Blink, a little yellow dog named Mustard, and a cowardly dragon named Custard. One day, a pirate climbs in through the window with pistols and a cutlass, causing all the pets except Custard to flee in fear. However, Custard eats the pirate, saving the day. Afterwards, Custard admits that all the other pets are braver than him, despite Belinda's continued efforts to prove his bravery.
Here are 30-40 word answers to your questions:
A. The author notices smoke coming from the ceiling one Sunday afternoon. Her mother rushes to stoke the fire but the fire has engulfed the house.
B. The author breaks down in tears after the fire because she realizes she has not seen her beloved cat and fears for its safety.
C. The author is deeply embarrassed the next day in school because she has to go in old, weird clothes without shoes, books or homework. She fears being an outcast.
D. The story shows the cat and author's fondness through how the cat would purr and fall asleep in her pocket. The cat ran away during the fire and a
It is from the chapter A shady plot of literature reader (english textbook) of class 10th.
I also made another PPT on a shady plot check it here
http://www.slideshare.net/abhishekdev790/a-shady-plot-ppt-29632579
The story follows Coachman Ali who faithfully visits the post office every day for 5 years hoping for a letter from his daughter Miriam after her marriage, but receives none. He is mocked by post office employees who see him as mad. Ali changes from being a hunter to living only for the hope of Miriam's letter. Though treated poorly, he maintains his daily visits until his death without losing hope of reconnecting with his daughter.
The document summarizes the experiences of Major H.P.S. Ahluwalia, a member of the first successful Indian expedition to Mount Everest in 1965. When Ahluwalia reached the summit, he felt full of humility and thanked God for his physical success. He questioned why people risk climbing mountains, and concluded that it is because mountains present great difficulties that man enjoys overcoming. For Ahluwalia, mountains have offered physical, emotional and spiritual fulfillment since childhood, but climbing one's inner self is an even greater challenge.
Carl Sandburg was an American poet and writer who won three Pulitzer Prizes. One of his most famous poems is "Fog", which is only six lines long. The poem compares a fog rolling into a city and harbor to a kitten, describing how it comes in silently and sits looking over the landscape in the way a cat might. It sits silently on its haunches before moving on, mirroring how cats and fog are both transient presences that do not remain in one place for long.
The poem describes trees that have been kept inside a house moving back out into the forest at night. The trees' roots have been working to free themselves from the cracks in the veranda floor, and their leaves and branches strain toward the open glass, eager to leave. Though the forest is departing the house, the narrator sits inside writing letters without mentioning the trees' departure, as the fresh night allows the smell of leaves and lichen to still reach the rooms.
Belinda lives in a little white house with various pets including a little black kitten named Ink, a little gray mouse named Blink, a little yellow dog named Mustard, and a cowardly dragon named Custard. One day, a pirate climbs in through the window with pistols and a cutlass, causing all the pets except Custard to flee in fear. However, Custard eats the pirate, saving the day. Afterwards, Custard admits that all the other pets are braver than him, despite Belinda's continued efforts to prove his bravery.
Here are 30-40 word answers to your questions:
A. The author notices smoke coming from the ceiling one Sunday afternoon. Her mother rushes to stoke the fire but the fire has engulfed the house.
B. The author breaks down in tears after the fire because she realizes she has not seen her beloved cat and fears for its safety.
C. The author is deeply embarrassed the next day in school because she has to go in old, weird clothes without shoes, books or homework. She fears being an outcast.
D. The story shows the cat and author's fondness through how the cat would purr and fall asleep in her pocket. The cat ran away during the fire and a
It is from the chapter A shady plot of literature reader (english textbook) of class 10th.
I also made another PPT on a shady plot check it here
http://www.slideshare.net/abhishekdev790/a-shady-plot-ppt-29632579
The story follows Coachman Ali who faithfully visits the post office every day for 5 years hoping for a letter from his daughter Miriam after her marriage, but receives none. He is mocked by post office employees who see him as mad. Ali changes from being a hunter to living only for the hope of Miriam's letter. Though treated poorly, he maintains his daily visits until his death without losing hope of reconnecting with his daughter.
Bholi is a neglected girl who is sent to school where her teacher encourages her. The teacher helps Bholi gain confidence by praising her efforts to speak clearly. When Bholi is arranged to marry an older man, he calls off the wedding when he sees her face. Inspired by her teacher, Bholi decides not to marry him and instead become a teacher herself to help others.
Valliammai is an 8-year-old girl living in a village who develops a strong desire to ride the bus after watching it pass through her street each hour. She carefully plans a secret trip on the bus one afternoon to visit the nearby town. On her first journey, she is fascinated by the sights outside and enjoys interacting with the conductor, though she is bothered by an elderly woman passenger. While she is excited to see the town, she is too afraid to get off the bus alone. The return trip is more somber after seeing a dead cow by the roadside.
This is the PPT on the chapter Reach for the top class 9 NCERT. this is unique and I have attached a link for the NCERT solution for PART 1 Santhosh Yadav from the latest website. I hope it is useful.
The poem describes trees that have been confined inside a house trying to break free and return to the forest. Overnight, the roots work to detach from the floor cracks and the branches and leaves strain toward the glass, struggling to exit. By morning, the formerly empty forest will be full again as the trees stumble forward into the night, freed from their indoor confinement.
The poem describes a tiger confined to a small zoo cage that longs for the freedom of the wilderness. It would prefer to hide in tall grass and ambush deer, or terrorize nearby villages, rather than be trapped powerlessly on display for zoo visitors. The tiger paces its cage angrily, its true personality hidden, alone even at night when it hears patrol cars and gazes at the stars above, a stark contrast to the life it was meant to live. The poet aims to convey the sadness of animals kept only for human amusement in zoos.
William Butler Yeats was an Irish poet and one of the foremost figures of 20th century literature. He helped found the Abbey Theatre in Dublin and served as its chief during its early years. Yeats was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1923, making him the first Irish recipient. He is considered one of the few writers who completed their greatest works after receiving the Nobel Prize, such as The Tower and The Winding Stair and Other Poems. Yeats made major contributions to the Irish Literary Revival and had a significant influence on 20th century literature.
The document provides context and summaries for the short story "The Rattrap" by Selma Lagerlof. It introduces the author and setting of the story in Sweden. The story is about an old peddler who has a bitter view of the world as a trap for humans. He steals from a kind old crofter who offers him shelter. Lost in the forest, he finds shelter at an iron mill and is mistaken for an old friend by the ironmaster. The peddler accepts the ironmaster's daughter's invitation to their home out of kindness, but his theft is discovered. However, he redeems himself by returning the stolen money, showing that goodness can be awakened by love and understanding.
The document summarizes the plot of Anton Chekhov's play The Proposal. It introduces the main characters: Stepan Chubukov, a kind landowner; his daughter Natalya, a fussy 25-year-old; and Ivan Lomov, Chubukov's 35-year-old neighbor who is in love with Natalya. The story takes place at Chubukov's country house in the evening. Lomov comes to propose to Natalya, but they get into an argument over the boundaries of their neighboring properties, with the fight escalating into insults and accusations. Eventually, Chubukov reveals Lomov's true purpose for visiting and Natalya accepts his proposal
William Butler Yeats was an Irish poet and one of the most prominent figures of the 20th century. He helped establish the Abbey Theatre in Dublin and served as its chief during its early years. Yeats was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1923, making him the first Irish recipient. He is regarded as one of the few writers who completed their greatest works after receiving the Nobel Prize, such as The Tower and The Winding Stair and Other Poems. Yeats played a pivotal role in the Irish Literary Revival and had a significant influence on literature in the 20th century.
Iswaran was an asset to Mahendra as his obedient cook and servant who did many jobs like cooking, washing clothes, and chatting with Mahendra at night with full dedication. As a storyteller, Iswaran liked to dramatize even small incidents and create suspense in his listeners. In describing an uprooted tree on the highway, he presented it as an enormous beast to build suspense, though it was just a fallen tree. His goal was to engage and surprise his audience with his narratives.
Coachman Ali regularly visited the village post office for five years waiting for a letter from his daughter Miriam, despite being teased by post office officials. After stopping his visits due to poor health, Ali's final visit was to beg the clerk to deliver any letter to his grave should he die without receiving it. Ali was later found dead, and a letter from Miriam was discovered. Feeling guilty for his past rude treatment of Ali, the postmaster personally delivered the long-awaited letter to Ali's grave, realizing he should have empathized more with Ali's pain of separation from his daughter.
This document summarizes a story about Private Quelch, nicknamed "The Professor", who irritates his fellow soldiers and officers with his constant showing off of knowledge. During a lesson on gun velocities, the Professor publicly corrects the instructor's numbers. Later, during a lesson on grenades, the Professor interrupts again to give precise details, angering the instructor. As punishment, the Professor is assigned to permanent cookhouse duties, but continues exhibiting his knowledge in annoying ways. His behavior isolates him from his colleagues.
The poem describes a boy who loses his ball into the harbor. The boy is overcome with grief and stands rigidly staring at where his ball fell. The author does not want to intrude on the boy's sorrow, as no replacement ball or money could make up for losing the one with sentimental value. The boy is learning an important life lesson about loss and responsibility through this painful experience of how to cope with loss, a lesson every person must eventually learn.
The play begins with Lomov arriving to propose marriage to Natalya, but before he can do so they get into an argument about property lines. As the discussion escalates, insults are exchanged between Lomov and Natalya's father Chubukov. It is then revealed that Lomov had come to propose, which surprises Natalya. They continue fighting, this time about their dogs, until Lomov has a panic attack and collapses. Chubukov then forces Natalya and Lomov to reconcile, and they agree to be married.
The document describes a story about a young seagull who is afraid to fly. His parents and siblings have already learned to fly but he lacks the courage. After going hungry for a long time, his mother tempts him with a fish to get him to dive off the ledge. When he does, his instinct kicks in and he is able to fly for the first time, joining his family in the air.
The story is about an eight-year-old girl named Valli who lives in a village. She enjoys watching the bus pass by her village each hour and dreams of traveling on it. She carefully saves money by resisting treats and plans to take the bus during her mother's nap. One day, Valli bravely takes the bus alone, refusing help from others. She enjoys the sights but is frightened when she sees a cow that was alive earlier lying dead. Upon returning home, Valli affirms something her mother says, surprising them with her maturity. Her aunt refers to her as acting grown up but only Valli knows about her secret bus journey.
1) Juliette wants to sell her villa for 200,000 francs as she needs money and is tired of the place.
2) An agent sends a couple, Gaston and Jeanne, to look at the villa but Gaston is not interested in buying it.
3) While the women are upstairs, another customer, Mrs. Al Smith, mistakes Gaston for the owner and offers to buy the villa from him for 300,000 francs. Gaston is able to pocket the extra 100,000 francs for himself without any effort.
Bholi was a simpleton who contracted smallpox as a child, which left her with pockmarks all over her body, making her appear ugly. As a result, she was neglected from a young age, with no one speaking kindly to her or showing her love. When a new school opened in her village, Bholi's family decided to send her, thinking no one would marry her anyway. At school, Bholi received kindness from her teacher for the first time, who spoke to her softly and assured her she would help her speak fluently like the other students.
Mrs. Pumphrey was a wealthy woman who loved her dog Tricki very much. She overfed him sweet foods and treats without providing exercise, causing Tricki to become enormously fat. When Tricki fell ill, veterinarian James Herriot took him to the surgery, where he put Tricki on a normal diet and exercise regime. After two weeks, Tricki had lost weight and become healthy again. Pumphrey was overjoyed with the results and mistakenly credited Herriot with performing surgery, calling it "a triumph of surgery."
The doctor was reminiscing about an encounter with a snake during his youth. One hot summer night, as he sat alone in his small rented room, a snake suddenly fell from the ceiling onto his shoulder. The doctor was paralyzed with fear as the snake coiled around his arm. However, the snake then turned towards a mirror in the room and seemed fascinated by its own reflection. Distracted, the snake unwound itself and slipped away. The doctor then fled the room and ran to a friend's house, where he washed himself, changed clothes and had others retrieve his belongings the next day. However, most of his possessions had been stolen, though his dirty vest was left behind as a final insult.
Coachman Ali faithfully visits the post office every day for 5 years hoping for a letter from his daughter Miriam, who left after marriage. Though mocked by employees who see him as mad, Ali remains patiently hopeful.
Overcome with illness and disappointment from the rude postmaster, Ali extracts a promise for his letter to be delivered to his grave. He soon passes away without receiving the letter.
The postmaster then suffers anxiety waiting for news of his own daughter. Receiving Miriam's letter for Ali, he realizes his mistake in mistreating Ali and their shared pain of separation. Ali's spirit appears, emphasizing the human importance of letters beyond
Ali was a skilled hunter who loved the sport, but his daughter Miriam married and left for the Punjab five years ago, leaving him alone. He no longer took pleasure in hunting and would sit dreaming for hours. Every day for five years, Ali walked to the post office at 4am, hoping for a letter from Miriam, though he had never received one. The clerks and postman mocked him, but he returned each day with endless faith. One day, the postmaster asked if Ali was mad, to which the clerk replied that while he never received letters, Ali was devoted to returning daily for five years, seeking news from his daughter.
Bholi is a neglected girl who is sent to school where her teacher encourages her. The teacher helps Bholi gain confidence by praising her efforts to speak clearly. When Bholi is arranged to marry an older man, he calls off the wedding when he sees her face. Inspired by her teacher, Bholi decides not to marry him and instead become a teacher herself to help others.
Valliammai is an 8-year-old girl living in a village who develops a strong desire to ride the bus after watching it pass through her street each hour. She carefully plans a secret trip on the bus one afternoon to visit the nearby town. On her first journey, she is fascinated by the sights outside and enjoys interacting with the conductor, though she is bothered by an elderly woman passenger. While she is excited to see the town, she is too afraid to get off the bus alone. The return trip is more somber after seeing a dead cow by the roadside.
This is the PPT on the chapter Reach for the top class 9 NCERT. this is unique and I have attached a link for the NCERT solution for PART 1 Santhosh Yadav from the latest website. I hope it is useful.
The poem describes trees that have been confined inside a house trying to break free and return to the forest. Overnight, the roots work to detach from the floor cracks and the branches and leaves strain toward the glass, struggling to exit. By morning, the formerly empty forest will be full again as the trees stumble forward into the night, freed from their indoor confinement.
The poem describes a tiger confined to a small zoo cage that longs for the freedom of the wilderness. It would prefer to hide in tall grass and ambush deer, or terrorize nearby villages, rather than be trapped powerlessly on display for zoo visitors. The tiger paces its cage angrily, its true personality hidden, alone even at night when it hears patrol cars and gazes at the stars above, a stark contrast to the life it was meant to live. The poet aims to convey the sadness of animals kept only for human amusement in zoos.
William Butler Yeats was an Irish poet and one of the foremost figures of 20th century literature. He helped found the Abbey Theatre in Dublin and served as its chief during its early years. Yeats was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1923, making him the first Irish recipient. He is considered one of the few writers who completed their greatest works after receiving the Nobel Prize, such as The Tower and The Winding Stair and Other Poems. Yeats made major contributions to the Irish Literary Revival and had a significant influence on 20th century literature.
The document provides context and summaries for the short story "The Rattrap" by Selma Lagerlof. It introduces the author and setting of the story in Sweden. The story is about an old peddler who has a bitter view of the world as a trap for humans. He steals from a kind old crofter who offers him shelter. Lost in the forest, he finds shelter at an iron mill and is mistaken for an old friend by the ironmaster. The peddler accepts the ironmaster's daughter's invitation to their home out of kindness, but his theft is discovered. However, he redeems himself by returning the stolen money, showing that goodness can be awakened by love and understanding.
The document summarizes the plot of Anton Chekhov's play The Proposal. It introduces the main characters: Stepan Chubukov, a kind landowner; his daughter Natalya, a fussy 25-year-old; and Ivan Lomov, Chubukov's 35-year-old neighbor who is in love with Natalya. The story takes place at Chubukov's country house in the evening. Lomov comes to propose to Natalya, but they get into an argument over the boundaries of their neighboring properties, with the fight escalating into insults and accusations. Eventually, Chubukov reveals Lomov's true purpose for visiting and Natalya accepts his proposal
William Butler Yeats was an Irish poet and one of the most prominent figures of the 20th century. He helped establish the Abbey Theatre in Dublin and served as its chief during its early years. Yeats was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1923, making him the first Irish recipient. He is regarded as one of the few writers who completed their greatest works after receiving the Nobel Prize, such as The Tower and The Winding Stair and Other Poems. Yeats played a pivotal role in the Irish Literary Revival and had a significant influence on literature in the 20th century.
Iswaran was an asset to Mahendra as his obedient cook and servant who did many jobs like cooking, washing clothes, and chatting with Mahendra at night with full dedication. As a storyteller, Iswaran liked to dramatize even small incidents and create suspense in his listeners. In describing an uprooted tree on the highway, he presented it as an enormous beast to build suspense, though it was just a fallen tree. His goal was to engage and surprise his audience with his narratives.
Coachman Ali regularly visited the village post office for five years waiting for a letter from his daughter Miriam, despite being teased by post office officials. After stopping his visits due to poor health, Ali's final visit was to beg the clerk to deliver any letter to his grave should he die without receiving it. Ali was later found dead, and a letter from Miriam was discovered. Feeling guilty for his past rude treatment of Ali, the postmaster personally delivered the long-awaited letter to Ali's grave, realizing he should have empathized more with Ali's pain of separation from his daughter.
This document summarizes a story about Private Quelch, nicknamed "The Professor", who irritates his fellow soldiers and officers with his constant showing off of knowledge. During a lesson on gun velocities, the Professor publicly corrects the instructor's numbers. Later, during a lesson on grenades, the Professor interrupts again to give precise details, angering the instructor. As punishment, the Professor is assigned to permanent cookhouse duties, but continues exhibiting his knowledge in annoying ways. His behavior isolates him from his colleagues.
The poem describes a boy who loses his ball into the harbor. The boy is overcome with grief and stands rigidly staring at where his ball fell. The author does not want to intrude on the boy's sorrow, as no replacement ball or money could make up for losing the one with sentimental value. The boy is learning an important life lesson about loss and responsibility through this painful experience of how to cope with loss, a lesson every person must eventually learn.
The play begins with Lomov arriving to propose marriage to Natalya, but before he can do so they get into an argument about property lines. As the discussion escalates, insults are exchanged between Lomov and Natalya's father Chubukov. It is then revealed that Lomov had come to propose, which surprises Natalya. They continue fighting, this time about their dogs, until Lomov has a panic attack and collapses. Chubukov then forces Natalya and Lomov to reconcile, and they agree to be married.
The document describes a story about a young seagull who is afraid to fly. His parents and siblings have already learned to fly but he lacks the courage. After going hungry for a long time, his mother tempts him with a fish to get him to dive off the ledge. When he does, his instinct kicks in and he is able to fly for the first time, joining his family in the air.
The story is about an eight-year-old girl named Valli who lives in a village. She enjoys watching the bus pass by her village each hour and dreams of traveling on it. She carefully saves money by resisting treats and plans to take the bus during her mother's nap. One day, Valli bravely takes the bus alone, refusing help from others. She enjoys the sights but is frightened when she sees a cow that was alive earlier lying dead. Upon returning home, Valli affirms something her mother says, surprising them with her maturity. Her aunt refers to her as acting grown up but only Valli knows about her secret bus journey.
1) Juliette wants to sell her villa for 200,000 francs as she needs money and is tired of the place.
2) An agent sends a couple, Gaston and Jeanne, to look at the villa but Gaston is not interested in buying it.
3) While the women are upstairs, another customer, Mrs. Al Smith, mistakes Gaston for the owner and offers to buy the villa from him for 300,000 francs. Gaston is able to pocket the extra 100,000 francs for himself without any effort.
Bholi was a simpleton who contracted smallpox as a child, which left her with pockmarks all over her body, making her appear ugly. As a result, she was neglected from a young age, with no one speaking kindly to her or showing her love. When a new school opened in her village, Bholi's family decided to send her, thinking no one would marry her anyway. At school, Bholi received kindness from her teacher for the first time, who spoke to her softly and assured her she would help her speak fluently like the other students.
Mrs. Pumphrey was a wealthy woman who loved her dog Tricki very much. She overfed him sweet foods and treats without providing exercise, causing Tricki to become enormously fat. When Tricki fell ill, veterinarian James Herriot took him to the surgery, where he put Tricki on a normal diet and exercise regime. After two weeks, Tricki had lost weight and become healthy again. Pumphrey was overjoyed with the results and mistakenly credited Herriot with performing surgery, calling it "a triumph of surgery."
The doctor was reminiscing about an encounter with a snake during his youth. One hot summer night, as he sat alone in his small rented room, a snake suddenly fell from the ceiling onto his shoulder. The doctor was paralyzed with fear as the snake coiled around his arm. However, the snake then turned towards a mirror in the room and seemed fascinated by its own reflection. Distracted, the snake unwound itself and slipped away. The doctor then fled the room and ran to a friend's house, where he washed himself, changed clothes and had others retrieve his belongings the next day. However, most of his possessions had been stolen, though his dirty vest was left behind as a final insult.
Coachman Ali faithfully visits the post office every day for 5 years hoping for a letter from his daughter Miriam, who left after marriage. Though mocked by employees who see him as mad, Ali remains patiently hopeful.
Overcome with illness and disappointment from the rude postmaster, Ali extracts a promise for his letter to be delivered to his grave. He soon passes away without receiving the letter.
The postmaster then suffers anxiety waiting for news of his own daughter. Receiving Miriam's letter for Ali, he realizes his mistake in mistreating Ali and their shared pain of separation. Ali's spirit appears, emphasizing the human importance of letters beyond
Ali was a skilled hunter who loved the sport, but his daughter Miriam married and left for the Punjab five years ago, leaving him alone. He no longer took pleasure in hunting and would sit dreaming for hours. Every day for five years, Ali walked to the post office at 4am, hoping for a letter from Miriam, though he had never received one. The clerks and postman mocked him, but he returned each day with endless faith. One day, the postmaster asked if Ali was mad, to which the clerk replied that while he never received letters, Ali was devoted to returning daily for five years, seeking news from his daughter.
Morarji Desai was born in 1892 in Gujarat, India. He worked as a teacher earning a small salary before marrying and moving to Bilkha. He wrote over 492 short stories characterized by poetic style and powerful emotions. His works included novels, dramas, stories for children and elders. Desai was awarded several prestigious literary awards but refused the highest Gujarati literature award in 1935 to show dissent.
The story is about a writer named John Hallock who is asked by his boss to write another ghost story. While thinking of ideas, a ghost named Helen appears and tells John that ghosts are on strike from inspiring writers due to overuse of Ouija boards. John's wife Lavinia then hosts a Ouija board party, where the board spells out "traitor" in reference to John, causing misunderstanding. In the end, Lavinia sees Helen and realizes she is a ghost, resolving the misunderstanding.
The document discusses the history and evolution of word processing from manual writing and typewriters to modern digital word processors. It traces key developments such as the typewriter in the late 1800s, electric typewriters in the 1920s, the introduction of magnetic tape storage and editing capabilities with the IBM MT/ST in 1964, the adoption of floppy disks in the 1970s enabling easier editing and storage of longer documents, and the creation of early screen-based word processors in the mid-1970s which helped merge word processing with personal computing. The document outlines the gradual automation of writing and editing tasks over time through technological innovations.
The poem "A Sonnet for My Incomparable Mother" depicts a daughter's admiration for her mother. It describes the mother's devotion in raising her daughter, giving her sacrifice, love and tears. The mother loved her daughter with a never-failing love and provided strength, security and freedom. As a mother herself now, the poetess strives to emulate the selfless mothering she received.
Emperor Akbar wanted to know the birth of his child but was 150 miles away from the palace. He asked his minister Birbal for a solution. Birbal instructed Akbar to post 150 soldiers at 1 km intervals, with instructions to beat a drum once for a male child and twice for a female. When Akbar heard a single drum beat, he was overjoyed to learn he had a son. Birbal's idea of using drum beats to communicate the child's gender was praised as a stroke of genius.
The story is about a group of young children who are staying at an old country house for the summer. While exploring the grounds of the estate, they discover an ancient well that is overgrown with climbing roses. One of the children, named Conradin, falls into the well after the rope bridge breaks beneath him.
The document appears to be a collection of random words and phrases with no clear meaning or connection between them. It includes the words "mirror", "liar", "truth", and references Sylvia Plath and becoming a lake, but there is no overall theme or story that can be discerned from these isolated elements.
Mrs. Packletide wants to shoot a tiger to one-up her friend Mrs. Bimberton, who recently shot one. She offers a village money to help her kill an old, sick tiger that has been attacking their livestock. At night, with her companion Louisa, Mrs. Packletide waits in a tree and fires when the tiger approaches a goat, but it is revealed she shot the goat, not the tiger, which died of a heart attack from the noise. Louisa blackmails Mrs. Packletide into giving her money by threatening to reveal the truth.
The poem is about a frog that lives in a bog and croaks loudly every night, annoying the other creatures. One night, a nightingale begins singing beautifully. All the creatures applaud her song. The next night, the frog claims he owns the tree and offers to train the nightingale to sing even better. Under the frog's harsh training, the nightingale's voice loses its beauty. She sings more and more until she bursts a vein and dies, allowing the frog to once again sing alone in the bog.
The poem "The Brook" by Alfred Tennyson describes the journey of a brook from its source in the mountains to where it joins a larger river. It narrates the brook's passage through forests and hills, its sounds as it flows over stones, and the plants and animals along its banks. Tennyson draws a parallel between the brook's perpetual flow and the impermanence of human life, suggesting that while people come and go, the brook flows on forever.
The poem "The Road Not Taken" by Robert Frost is about a traveler who comes to a fork in the road where he must choose which path to take. He stands for a long time contemplating the choice, looking down one path as far as he can see. He considers that both paths seem equally fair, but chooses the one "less traveled by" believing it will make more of a difference. In the future, he knows he will look back on this decision with a sigh, wondering what life would have been like if he had taken the other road.
This document provides an overview of key elements of prose, including:
1) It defines fiction and nonfiction prose and discusses close reading techniques like SOAPSTone analysis.
2) It outlines various rhetorical devices, elements of diction, syntax, plot structure, characterization, setting, style, theme, and tone used in prose.
3) It provides definitions and examples of different literary devices commonly found in prose like figurative language, imagery, and general devices.
This document provides information about the characters, themes, societies, and exam tips for the novels "An Inspector Calls" and "Of Mice and Men". For "An Inspector Calls", it lists the main characters, themes of responsibility, social classes, sex, and age. It notes the society is set just before WW1 with big class divides. It provides tips for writing PEE paragraphs and spending 45 minutes on the related exam question. Similarly, it provides characters, themes of loneliness and dreams, the societal context of the Great Depression and discrimination for "Of Mice and Men" along with the same exam advice.
The document summarizes key aspects of the desert biome and human adaptations for survival. It notes that deserts have little rain, high temperatures, and wind. The human body tries to regulate its temperature through sweating, which can cause significant water loss. To survive, humans must replace lost water or risk dehydration and death. The body also conserves water through hormones and limiting urine production. Key body systems like the nervous, excretory, and muscular systems are impacted by the extreme heat and lack of water in the desert environment. The document recommends wearing loose, breathable clothing and sunglasses for protection in desert conditions.
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Ppt on the letter BY DHUMKETU ENGLISH LITERAture class 10
1.
2. ▓Dhumaketu (1892–1965) was the pen name ofDhumaketu (1892–1965) was the pen name of
Gaurishankar Goverdhanram Joshi, a prolificGaurishankar Goverdhanram Joshi, a prolific
writer, who is considered one of the pioneers ofwriter, who is considered one of the pioneers of
the Gujarati short story. He published twenty-the Gujarati short story. He published twenty-
four collections of short stories, as well asfour collections of short stories, as well as
thirty-two novels on social and historicalthirty-two novels on social and historical
subjects, and plays and travelogues. His writingsubjects, and plays and travelogues. His writing
is characterized by a dramatic style,is characterized by a dramatic style,
romanticism and powerful depiction of humanromanticism and powerful depiction of human
emotions.emotions.
3. Gaurishankar was the third son ofGaurishankar was the third son of
Goverdhanram Joshi. He was born onGoverdhanram Joshi. He was born on
12th December 1892 at Virpur, a place near12th December 1892 at Virpur, a place near
Rajkot and Gondal in Gujarat. State. His fatherRajkot and Gondal in Gujarat. State. His father
Goverdhanram Joshi was a pure Brahmin and aGoverdhanram Joshi was a pure Brahmin and a
man of culture and character.Gaurishankarman of culture and character.Gaurishankar
served at Virpur School drawing a salary of fourserved at Virpur School drawing a salary of four
per month. During this period he was asked toper month. During this period he was asked to
read biographies, historical novels etc. beforeread biographies, historical novels etc. before
Khatijabibi, who was the head master’s wife.Khatijabibi, who was the head master’s wife.
This habit made Guarishankar to take deepThis habit made Guarishankar to take deep
interest in literature.interest in literature.
4.
5. Gaurishankar was the third son ofGaurishankar was the third son of
Goverdhanram Joshi. He was born on 12Goverdhanram Joshi. He was born on 12
December 1892 at Virpur, a place near Rajkot andDecember 1892 at Virpur, a place near Rajkot and
Gondal in Gujarat State. Gaurishankar served atGondal in Gujarat State. Gaurishankar served at
Virpur School drawing a salary of four perVirpur School drawing a salary of four per
month. During this period he was asked to readmonth. During this period he was asked to read
biographies, historical novels etc. beforebiographies, historical novels etc. before
Khatijabibi, who was the head master's wife. ThisKhatijabibi, who was the head master's wife. This
habit made Guarishankar to take deep interest inhabit made Guarishankar to take deep interest in
literature.literature.
6. ▓Along with short stories, he wroteAlong with short stories, he wrote
novels, drama, stories and books fornovels, drama, stories and books for
old people and children. In all, heold people and children. In all, he
published more than 250 books in thepublished more than 250 books in the
various fields. He is the author of thevarious fields. He is the author of the
short story 'The Letter' which isshort story 'The Letter' which is
adapted in the CBSE Std X syllabus.adapted in the CBSE Std X syllabus.
7. the storythe story the letter provides a very impactfulthe letter provides a very impactful
message. it s message is that we should alwaysmessage. it s message is that we should always
respect others feelings. we should take carerespect others feelings. we should take care
that we do not hurt others, and if my mistake wethat we do not hurt others, and if my mistake we
do so, we should at least apologise by sayingdo so, we should at least apologise by saying
"sorry". if, in case, we fail to understand"sorry". if, in case, we fail to understand
someone 's feelings, we should apologise thensomeone 's feelings, we should apologise then
also. this helps us to reverse the effect of ouralso. this helps us to reverse the effect of our
mistake, and at the same time, it increases ourmistake, and at the same time, it increases our
dignity and respect in others ' eyes.dignity and respect in others ' eyes.
8. Coachman Ali is the central character of the story, The Letter. He is unableCoachman Ali is the central character of the story, The Letter. He is unable
to bear the pain of separation when his daughter Miriam leaves him after herto bear the pain of separation when his daughter Miriam leaves him after her
marriage. He feels lonely. He desperately waits for her letter, but in vain.marriage. He feels lonely. He desperately waits for her letter, but in vain.
The story shows the need for love, sympathy, and fellow-feeling forThe story shows the need for love, sympathy, and fellow-feeling for
those who are in pain. The grief and the long waiting lead to Ali’s deaththose who are in pain. The grief and the long waiting lead to Ali’s death
in the end.in the end.
Dhumaketu has portrayed the reality of life by his lively imagination,Dhumaketu has portrayed the reality of life by his lively imagination,
invested it with emotion, and touched it with a romantic idealism. His storyinvested it with emotion, and touched it with a romantic idealism. His story
casts an irresistible spell by the freshness of its theme, style andcasts an irresistible spell by the freshness of its theme, style and
technique, a rich variety of incident, plot and situation, and its diversetechnique, a rich variety of incident, plot and situation, and its diverse
world of distinctly individual characters, brilliant and idealistic.world of distinctly individual characters, brilliant and idealistic.
9. Ali’s never ending wait for news from Miriam Ali’s never ending wait for news from Miriam
The story begins with a description of the long and arduous journey that
Ali makes every day to the post office in the hope of receiving a letter from
his daughter Miriam who has not been in touch with him since her
marriage 5 years ago. He starts early when the whole town is asleep.
Though he is poor and old, his faith and love for his daughter makes him
bear the bitter cold as he plods supporting himself on a staff.
The post office becomes his place of pilgrimage .He dedicatedly goes
there for five long years, sits there through the day ,is mocked and jeered
at by the post office employees as he sits at a specific place each day.
He is treated like a mad man by everyone and is the object of ridicule for
one and all. They think that he comes in vain to receive a letter that would
never come. They would call out his name falsely to indicate that he has
received a letter and enjoy the disappointment on his face.
10. Ali –a changed man Ali –a changed man
Ali was a skilled and clever hunter once .He was so addicted to hunting that he
couldn’t spend a single day without hunting. –something he was very good at.
As he grew older he began to change .His only daughter Miriam married and
left him to stay with
her soldier husband from a regiment in Punjab .He transforms completely and
feels lonely in her absence. Hunting no longer interests him. He understands
the meaning
of love and separation when he misses his daughter and in the simple hope of
receiving a letter from her someday he goes to the post office religiously.
Although he has never received a letter, he keeps at it.
11. Misery at the post office Misery at the post office
The post office becomes a place of pilgrimage for him because
of the devotion and regularity with which he comes to visit it.
Receiving a letter from his daughter becomes the
sanctimonious purpose of his life.Nobody at the post office
seems to understand Coachman Ali. They are indifferent and
use him only as a subject of their ridicule and derision. They
just want to enjoy the sight of him jumping to the sound of his
name. They just have fun and laughter at his expense, never for
once trying to understand his pain.But Ali, does not pay heed
to the cruel treatment that he receives and with ceaseless faith
and endurance he comes daily to the post office even if to go
empty handed.The post office employees simply write him off
as a mad man before the post master.
12. Ali embraces death –remains hopeful Ali embraces death –remains hopeful
Towards the end of his life Ali suffers from ill health and stops coming for a while.
People at the post office—have no sympathy, understanding or concern to try and
guess the reason but are curious to know why he hasn’t come. At last he returns
on recovering a little but signs of ill health, old age and approaching end can be
seen on his face. He can no longer remain patient and pleads with the ill-tempered
postmaster asking him if there was a letter for him The postmaster who is in a
hurry gets irritated and calls him a pest. He is very rude to Ali and thoughtlessly
and angrily scolds him. Ali is sad and helpless. His patience is exhausted but his
faith remains intact. Before departing that day, Ali gives five gold guineas to
Lakshmi Das –the office clerk and extracts a promise from him to deliver his
daughter’s letter at his grave. Ali is never seen again as he dies before receiving
any letter
13. The postmaster who was rude to Ali suffers just like Ali
did)Time takes a turn. The postmaster is restless and anxious
because he has not received any news from his daughter who
is in another town and is unwell. He anxiously looks through
the mail only to find Miriam’s letter addressed to Ali. He
immediately recalls the past and realizes the pain and anguish
Ali must have gone through. A single night spent in anxiety
makes him understand Ali’s heart and soul.He is filled with a
deep sense of remorse and repentance for having been rude
to Ali. He decides to hand over the letter himself to Ali. He
hears a soft knock on the door at 5—thinks it is Ali who has
come to receive the letter. He opens the door immediately and
sees old Ali bent with age standing outside.
14. Actually it is a hallucination that the postmaster gets. He is
fearful and astonished to see the unearthly look on Ali’s
face. Ali disappears as he came leaving the postmaster in a
state of utter shock.
Lakshmi Das, the clerk is shocked to hear the
postmaster call out the name of Coachman Ali
who has now been dead for three months. The
letter is found near the door. Lakshmi Das tells
him about his last meeting with Ali to convince
him. That evening both of them go to place the
letter on Ali’s grave. The postmaster
understands the essential human worth of letters
and doesn’t just treat them as envelopes and
postcards anymore.
15. Made by- ChandraMade by- Chandra
shekharshekhar
Class-10 CClass-10 C
roll no:-10roll no:-10