The document provides context and summaries for the short story "The Rattrap" by Selma Lagerlof. It introduces the author and setting of the story in Sweden. The story is about an old peddler who has a bitter view of the world as a trap for humans. He steals from a kind old crofter who offers him shelter. Lost in the forest, he finds shelter at an iron mill and is mistaken for an old friend by the ironmaster. The peddler accepts the ironmaster's daughter's invitation to their home out of kindness, but his theft is discovered. However, he redeems himself by returning the stolen money, showing that goodness can be awakened by love and understanding.

1. INDEX
1. About the Author
2. Introduction
3. Theme, Sub-theme, Plot
4. Characters
5. Summary
6. Sequence & Key-Points
7. Vocabulary
8. Points to Ponder
9. Character Sketch
10. Assignment
- Selma Lagerlof
(1858-1940)
The Rattrap

2. The Rattrap
Selma Lagerlof was a Swedish writer
whose stories have been translated into
many languages. A universal theme runs
through all of them — a belief that the
essential goodness in a human being can
be awakened through understanding and
love. This story is set amidst the mines of
Sweden, rich in iron ore, which figure
large in the history and legends of that
country. The story is told somewhat in the
manner of a fairy tale.
- Selma Lagerlof
(1858-1940)
About the Author :

4. Sweden

6. Introduction :
The story is about an old disheartened peddler who is shown
generosity by a young woman. Her generosity and kindness change
his bitter attitude towards life. The peddler is a man who has fallen
upon misfortune and now resorts to selling rattraps, begging, and
thievery. He is very pessimistic about the world around him and sees
the world as merely a ‘rattrap’. He believes that the world tempts us
with riches and fine things, and when we accept, we are caught in
the trap and are left with nothing. The story conveys a universal
message that the essential goodness in a human being can be
awakened through love, respect, kindness and understanding. The
story also highlights human predicament. Material benefits are the
traps that most human beings are prone to fall into. Human beings do
have a tendency to redeem themselves from dishonest ways as does
the peddler at the end of the story.
The Rattrap

7. The Rattrap
Theme : The trap of material benefit that most human beings are prone
to fall into.
Sub-Theme : The human tendency to redeem oneself from
dishonest ways.
Plot : Life of the protagonist (a peddler) – his philosophy about the
world - at the crofter’s house – trapped in the forest - at the
iron mill – at the Ironmaster’s house – the redemption
The story emphasises the consequences of
loneliness and the need for companionship

8. The Peddler - The protagonist
Crofter – A lonely old man
Ironmaster – Owner of Ramjo ironworks
Edla Williamson – Daughter of the Ironmaster
Master Smith – A worker at the iron mill
The Rattrap
CHARACTERS :
- Selma Lagerlof

9. SUMMARY
The Rattrap is a story about a rattrap seller who leads a very poor life as his
earnings are very low. He resort to thievery and begging to make his living.
He is alone in this whole world and leads a miserable life. So he starts
knitting up various thoughts. One of these thoughts is of the whole world
being a big rattrap. His believes that the world offers us various types of
baits in the form of comforts of life. This in return traps us in the rattrap of
the world and leads us to our miseries. Every night, the peddler had to
search for shelter as he had no home. One evening he was offered shelter
by an old crofter. The next morning he stole the crofter’s money which he
had earned by selling his cow’s milk. To safeguard himself, the peddler
chose the path through the forest which was secluded, but soon found
himself trapped in the forest as he wasn’t able to find the way out of the
dense forest. Later on, he finds a way to a forge and takes shelter there.
Then something unusual happens. The ironmaster who comes to his mill for
a nightly round of inspection, sees the peddler and mistakes him as an old
regimental comrade Captain Von Stahle and invites him to his house.
The Rattrap

10. The poor peddler rejects the offer due to the fear of being caught. Soon he
is invited by the ironmaster‘s daughter. The next morning his real identity is
revealed and the ironmaster threatens him saying that he would report the
matter to sheriff. The peddler tries to defend himself and leave the house at
once. But he is somehow stopped by the ironmaster’s daughter for
Christmas Eve. The next day after Christmas, when the iron master and his
daughter visit the church, they come to know that the man is a thief who
had stolen money from an old crofter. The iron master and his daughter
repent for sheltering a thief and wonder at what all things he would have
stolen by that time. Here comes a twist as instead of stealing, the peddler
gifts the ironmaster’s daughter a rattrap. She finds a letter of thanks and the
stolen money inside a rattrap left by the peddler. The peddler thanks Edla
for her kindness and requests her to return the stolen money to the
crofter. This story gives us the message that goodness in a human being
can be awakened at any time with your own good deeds.
SUMMARY
The Rattrap

11. The Rattrap : Sequence & Key Points
1 2

12. The Rattrap : Sequence & Key Points
3 4

13. The Rattrap : Sequence & Key Points
5
6

14. The Rattrap : Sequence & Key Points
7
8

15. The Rattrap : Sequence & Key Points
9
10

16. The Rattrap : Sequence & Key Points
Vocabulary

17. Vocabulary

18. Vocabulary

19. Vocabulary

20. Vocabulary

21. POINTS TO PONDER
Life of the peddler
The metaphor of the world being a rattrap
Meeting with the crofter
Life of the crofter
Hospitality of the crofter & his confidence in the peddler
Stealing by the peddler
The predicament of the peddler in deep forest
Shelter at the iron mill
Mistaken identity of the peddler by the ironmaster at night
Life of the ironmaster & his daughter
The peddler’s deception
Edla’s love and understanding, persuasion
Drama at the ironmaster’s house
Argument between the ironmaster and his daughter
Redemption of the peddler
The deep realisation
The Rattrap

22. Peddler /Vagabond/Tramp/Rattrap seller/ signed himself as
Captain Von Stahle:
The peddler was a poor vagabond.
He sold rattraps to earn his living or keep his body and soul together.
He also resorted to thievery when required.
He was struck with a dark realisation that the world is itself a rattrap
and all men and women are just like rats that are vulnerable to trap
Initially, the peddler was cynical, a victim of loneliness
He was inherently not a bad person. He had some goodness in him
that was awakened by Edla, the iron master’s elder daughter.
In the end, he transformed himself
His subtle sense of humour – e.g. to be cited
Character Portrayal
The Rattrap

23. Edla Willmannsson:
She was the eldest daughter of the Ironmaster
She was not that pretty but seemed modest and quite shy
Kind-hearted
Compassionate
Full of understanding
Intuitive, smart enough to understand rightly from the peddler’s
eyes that he might have escaped from jail or stolen something
By being a good host she actually elevated peddler’s nature to that
of a Captain.
She was a great human being
Character Portrayal
The Rattrap

24. The Ironmaster (Ironworks owner):
The Ironmaster was the owner of the large iron factory i.e. Ramsjo Ironwork.
His greatest ambition was to ship out good iron to the market.
Hard-working and conscious of his duties as he used to go to the forge for
nightly inspection.
He mistakes the rattrap seller as his old acquaintance and his basic instinct
was to help him irrespective of his condition, which shows that just like his
daughter even he was kind-hearted and helpful. He took him to his own
house and cared for him.
Character Portrayal
The Rattrap
The Crofter:
He was lonely and had nobody to talk to.
He was happy to see the peddler and gave him shelter. This gesture
made the peddler feel welcomed and comfortable because he was used
to seeing sour and unwelcomed faces.
He was generous.
Trusted the stranger easily/ took him into confidence.

25. ASSIGNMENT : QUESTIONS TO TEST COMPREHENSION
Short Answer Questions (30-40 words)
1. Why was the peddler amused by his idea of the rattrap?
2. How did the peddler get the idea of the world?
3. Why was the crofter so talkative?
4. Why did the peddler sign himself as Captain Von Stahle?
5. Why was Edla happy to see the gift left by the peddler?
6. Why did Edla still entertain the peddler even after she knew the truth?
7. Why did the peddler decline the invitation made by the ironmaster?
8. Why did the peddler accept the invitation of Edla Willmansson?
9. What doubts did Edla have about the peddler?
10. Why did the ironmaster mistake the peddler as his old comrade?
11. Why didn’t the peddler reveal the truth when he was mistaken by the
ironmaster as his old regimental comrade?
12. Why did the crofter show the thirty cronor to the peddler?
13. What did the peddler say in his defence when his real identity was revealed to
the ironmaster?
14. Why did the peddler finally change himself?
15. How does the metaphor of the rattrap serve to highlight human predicament?
16. Justify the title of the story.
The Rattrap
- Next slide for long answer questions

26. ASSIGNMENT : QUESTIONS TO TEST COMPREHENSION
Long Answer Questions (100-125 words) :
1. Bring out the differences between the iron master and his daughter.
2. The story exemplifies the truth that essential goodness of human
beings can be awakened through understanding and love. Discuss.
3. The story focuses on human loneliness and the need to bond with
others. Elucidate.
4. Interpret the acts of kindness and hospitality shown by the crofter, the
ironmaster and his daughter.
The Rattrap