This document provides an introduction to using lasers in non-destructive testing (NDT). It discusses three main laser testing methods: holography, shearography, and profilometry. Holography uses high-frequency vibration to identify irregular structures or disbonds. Shearography utilizes interferometry to identify out-of-plane deformation from subsurface flaws. Laser profilometry is preferred for cylindrical products like pipelines to assess corrosion. The document also covers ultrasonic flaw detection, describing how high-frequency sound waves can detect subsurface discontinuities using transmission and pulse-echo methods. Ultrasonic testing is widely used due to its safety, penetration, and ability to inspect thick sections.
Advance NDT method are much efficient than conventional NDT methods. these methods have great amount of automation which help in understanding and comparing the data occupied by different reading. These data can be used for the future references and can be saved and stored. these Advance NDT method can test or inspect any shape such as complex shape very easily and effeciently.
Electric Resistance Weld (ERW) tubes and pipes are extensively used un many applications including Oil Country Tubular Goods (OCTG) and high quality structures. Efficient in-line nondestructive testing techniques are needed to ensure that the weld quality meets applications standards.
Nondestructive Testing (NDT) has evolved from being a “necessary evil” to being an essential source of competitive advantage. The right technique not only helps control the quality of the final product, but also provides valuable process control feedback to improve productivity, reduce cost, and increase the
efficiency of the welder. This is especially important in high-volume, continuous processing lines where a few minutes of bad production can result in significant losses.
In the last decade, powerful Ultrasonic EMAT technology has come of age with tremendous success, becoming the technique of choice for many applications.
Advance NDT method are much efficient than conventional NDT methods. these methods have great amount of automation which help in understanding and comparing the data occupied by different reading. These data can be used for the future references and can be saved and stored. these Advance NDT method can test or inspect any shape such as complex shape very easily and effeciently.
Electric Resistance Weld (ERW) tubes and pipes are extensively used un many applications including Oil Country Tubular Goods (OCTG) and high quality structures. Efficient in-line nondestructive testing techniques are needed to ensure that the weld quality meets applications standards.
Nondestructive Testing (NDT) has evolved from being a “necessary evil” to being an essential source of competitive advantage. The right technique not only helps control the quality of the final product, but also provides valuable process control feedback to improve productivity, reduce cost, and increase the
efficiency of the welder. This is especially important in high-volume, continuous processing lines where a few minutes of bad production can result in significant losses.
In the last decade, powerful Ultrasonic EMAT technology has come of age with tremendous success, becoming the technique of choice for many applications.
Introduction to the non destructive testing explains the methods for evaluating and verifying many types of Materials as plastics, structures, metals, chemicals, leakage, physical properties. It's very used in the concrete engineering world and in the scientific world.
Non-Destructive Testing is a simple way of testing without destroying.Techshore Inspection Services, with a humble beginning in Cochin, India started as an Engineering, Procurement and Construction company offering wide range of innovative services and engineering solutions in the field of Oil and Gas, Power and other major industries in the disciplines of Mechanical, Civil, Instrumentation and NDT, soon expanded its business into professional training in all the aforesaid disciplines.
Experimental Validation on ASTM A516 Grade 70 Carbon Steel by Non-Destructive...IJMTST Journal
Welding is one type of erection process. It is process of joining by applying heat energy and molten metal
used extensively in automobile industries, aircraft machine frames structural work ship building and various
other fields. Physical properties of welds are affected by several factors. To produce satisfactory welds which
fulfil the requirement of quality the integrity of quality control is important. To understand the various defects,
their causes and remedies can help to improve higher quality and longer lasting welds. This report contains
major information of surface irregularities and weld discontinuities.
Non-destructive testing is the process conducting examination on any component (welds, casting bars,
automobile etc.) without affecting its usefulness of component to detect discontinuities in component and
physical properties of component. There are more than sixteen methods of NDT in metals, in this the most
important onesVisual, Ultrasonic, radiography, magnetic particle testing and penetrant testing are discussed
in detail. The experimental outputs are discussed and comparisons are made based on the cost, accuracy,
safety, time consumption, etc. Based on these considerations conclusions and recommendations are made
An investigation into non destructive testing techniques a specific case s...eSAT Journals
Abstract This paper investigate applications of ultrasonic phased array technique over magnetic particle inspection, gamma rays radiographic and conventional ultrasonic testing applied during manufacturing of Low Pressure Heater (LPH) at a company X located in India. The existing non destructive testing techniques that are being used for detection of defects are compared with the alternative techniques. Most of the non destructive testing techniques are surely cost effective but time consuming this makes the overall stay time, production time and overall cost indulged in process high. By applying ultrasonic phased array technique the maintenance scheduling and incurred cost of maintenance and also the overall operational cost can be reduced remarkably. Keywords: Non destructive testing, maintenance, ultrasonic phased array, radiography.
In this article from the January 2015 World Pipelines edition, Andre Lamarre, Business Development Manager - Power Generation and Pipeline Markets at Olympus NDT, writes about trusted UT inspection methods and new technique developments used to contribute to pipeline integrity.
More on Olympus ultrasonic flaw detectors: http://bit.ly/1zy3QUu
Contact us: http://bit.ly/1rDmq94
Sign up for our newsletter: http://bit.ly/1j5FOTy
Introduction to the non destructive testing explains the methods for evaluating and verifying many types of Materials as plastics, structures, metals, chemicals, leakage, physical properties. It's very used in the concrete engineering world and in the scientific world.
Non-Destructive Testing is a simple way of testing without destroying.Techshore Inspection Services, with a humble beginning in Cochin, India started as an Engineering, Procurement and Construction company offering wide range of innovative services and engineering solutions in the field of Oil and Gas, Power and other major industries in the disciplines of Mechanical, Civil, Instrumentation and NDT, soon expanded its business into professional training in all the aforesaid disciplines.
Experimental Validation on ASTM A516 Grade 70 Carbon Steel by Non-Destructive...IJMTST Journal
Welding is one type of erection process. It is process of joining by applying heat energy and molten metal
used extensively in automobile industries, aircraft machine frames structural work ship building and various
other fields. Physical properties of welds are affected by several factors. To produce satisfactory welds which
fulfil the requirement of quality the integrity of quality control is important. To understand the various defects,
their causes and remedies can help to improve higher quality and longer lasting welds. This report contains
major information of surface irregularities and weld discontinuities.
Non-destructive testing is the process conducting examination on any component (welds, casting bars,
automobile etc.) without affecting its usefulness of component to detect discontinuities in component and
physical properties of component. There are more than sixteen methods of NDT in metals, in this the most
important onesVisual, Ultrasonic, radiography, magnetic particle testing and penetrant testing are discussed
in detail. The experimental outputs are discussed and comparisons are made based on the cost, accuracy,
safety, time consumption, etc. Based on these considerations conclusions and recommendations are made
An investigation into non destructive testing techniques a specific case s...eSAT Journals
Abstract This paper investigate applications of ultrasonic phased array technique over magnetic particle inspection, gamma rays radiographic and conventional ultrasonic testing applied during manufacturing of Low Pressure Heater (LPH) at a company X located in India. The existing non destructive testing techniques that are being used for detection of defects are compared with the alternative techniques. Most of the non destructive testing techniques are surely cost effective but time consuming this makes the overall stay time, production time and overall cost indulged in process high. By applying ultrasonic phased array technique the maintenance scheduling and incurred cost of maintenance and also the overall operational cost can be reduced remarkably. Keywords: Non destructive testing, maintenance, ultrasonic phased array, radiography.
In this article from the January 2015 World Pipelines edition, Andre Lamarre, Business Development Manager - Power Generation and Pipeline Markets at Olympus NDT, writes about trusted UT inspection methods and new technique developments used to contribute to pipeline integrity.
More on Olympus ultrasonic flaw detectors: http://bit.ly/1zy3QUu
Contact us: http://bit.ly/1rDmq94
Sign up for our newsletter: http://bit.ly/1j5FOTy
Symptoms like intermittent starting and key recognition errors signal potential problems with your Mercedes’ EIS. Use diagnostic steps like error code checks and spare key tests. Professional diagnosis and solutions like EIS replacement ensure safe driving. Consult a qualified technician for accurate diagnosis and repair.
In this presentation, we have discussed a very important feature of BMW X5 cars… the Comfort Access. Things that can significantly limit its functionality. And things that you can try to restore the functionality of such a convenient feature of your vehicle.
𝘼𝙣𝙩𝙞𝙦𝙪𝙚 𝙋𝙡𝙖𝙨𝙩𝙞𝙘 𝙏𝙧𝙖𝙙𝙚𝙧𝙨 𝙞𝙨 𝙫𝙚𝙧𝙮 𝙛𝙖𝙢𝙤𝙪𝙨 𝙛𝙤𝙧 𝙢𝙖𝙣𝙪𝙛𝙖𝙘𝙩𝙪𝙧𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙩𝙝𝙚𝙞𝙧 𝙥𝙧𝙤𝙙𝙪𝙘𝙩𝙨. 𝙒𝙚 𝙝𝙖𝙫𝙚 𝙖𝙡𝙡 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙥𝙡𝙖𝙨𝙩𝙞𝙘 𝙜𝙧𝙖𝙣𝙪𝙡𝙚𝙨 𝙪𝙨𝙚𝙙 𝙞𝙣 𝙖𝙪𝙩𝙤𝙢𝙤𝙩𝙞𝙫𝙚 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙖𝙪𝙩𝙤 𝙥𝙖𝙧𝙩𝙨 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙖𝙡𝙡 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙛𝙖𝙢𝙤𝙪𝙨 𝙘𝙤𝙢𝙥𝙖𝙣𝙞𝙚𝙨 𝙗𝙪𝙮 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙜𝙧𝙖𝙣𝙪𝙡𝙚𝙨 𝙛𝙧𝙤𝙢 𝙪𝙨.
Over the 10 years, we have gained a strong foothold in the market due to our range's high quality, competitive prices, and time-lined delivery schedules.
5 Warning Signs Your BMW's Intelligent Battery Sensor Needs AttentionBertini's German Motors
IBS monitors and manages your BMW’s battery performance. If it malfunctions, you will have to deal with an array of electrical issues in your vehicle. Recognize warning signs like dimming headlights, frequent battery replacements, and electrical malfunctions to address potential IBS issues promptly.
Why Is Your BMW X3 Hood Not Responding To Release CommandsDart Auto
Experiencing difficulty opening your BMW X3's hood? This guide explores potential issues like mechanical obstruction, hood release mechanism failure, electrical problems, and emergency release malfunctions. Troubleshooting tips include basic checks, clearing obstructions, applying pressure, and using the emergency release.
What Exactly Is The Common Rail Direct Injection System & How Does It WorkMotor Cars International
Learn about Common Rail Direct Injection (CRDi) - the revolutionary technology that has made diesel engines more efficient. Explore its workings, advantages like enhanced fuel efficiency and increased power output, along with drawbacks such as complexity and higher initial cost. Compare CRDi with traditional diesel engines and discover why it's the preferred choice for modern engines.
Core technology of Hyundai Motor Group's EV platform 'E-GMP'Hyundai Motor Group
What’s the force behind Hyundai Motor Group's EV performance and quality?
Maximized driving performance and quick charging time through high-density battery pack and fast charging technology and applicable to various vehicle types!
Discover more about Hyundai Motor Group’s EV platform ‘E-GMP’!
What Does the Active Steering Malfunction Warning Mean for Your BMWTanner Motors
Discover the reasons why your BMW’s Active Steering malfunction warning might come on. From electrical glitches to mechanical failures and software anomalies, addressing these promptly with professional inspection and maintenance ensures continued safety and performance on the road, maintaining the integrity of your driving experience.
Things to remember while upgrading the brakes of your carjennifermiller8137
Upgrading the brakes of your car? Keep these things in mind before doing so. Additionally, start using an OBD 2 GPS tracker so that you never miss a vehicle maintenance appointment. On top of this, a car GPS tracker will also let you master good driving habits that will let you increase the operational life of your car’s brakes.
Comprehensive program for Agricultural Finance, the Automotive Sector, and Empowerment . We will define the full scope and provide a detailed two-week plan for identifying strategic partners in each area within Limpopo, including target areas.:
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"Trans Failsafe Prog" on your BMW X5 indicates potential transmission issues requiring immediate action. This safety feature activates in response to abnormalities like low fluid levels, leaks, faulty sensors, electrical or mechanical failures, and overheating.
What Does the PARKTRONIC Inoperative, See Owner's Manual Message Mean for You...Autohaus Service and Sales
Learn what "PARKTRONIC Inoperative, See Owner's Manual" means for your Mercedes-Benz. This message indicates a malfunction in the parking assistance system, potentially due to sensor issues or electrical faults. Prompt attention is crucial to ensure safety and functionality. Follow steps outlined for diagnosis and repair in the owner's manual.
2. Introduction to lasers in NDT
Lasers can be used to generate and measure ultrasonic waves in
materials.
Laser based NDT methods came to acceptance with an increase
in the use of composite materials and sandwich structures in
industries.
These types of structures required high speed and large area
inspection for subsurface defects.
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3. Introduction to lasers in NDT(cont’d)
That is like disbonds , delaminations , sheared core,
invisible damage in aircraft, missiles and marine
composites.
There are 3 main laser testing methods in NDT.
Holography, shearography and profilometry testing all of
which make use of lasers to conduct testing.
1. Holography laser testing method
2. Laser shearography testing method
3. Laser profilometer testing methods
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4. Holography laser testing method
Holography testing methods use high frequency
vibration to identify irregular internal structure or
disbonds.
This non-destructive testing method is used for the real
time inspection of complex components like aero engine
turbine blades, felt metal engine seals, plasma coated
artificial hip and knee joints.
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6. Laser shearography testing method
This method utilizes an interferometer to identify the out
of plane derivative of deformation of the testing material
due to the non homogenous strain field due to subsurface
flaws.
Out-of-plane stress is created by applying vacuum,
vibration or thermal stress effects to the weakest bond of
laminar structure.
Shearography testing can identify changes in strains to 0.1
micro strain at video frame rates.
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8. Laser profilometer testing method
Laser profilometer testing methods are largely preferred for
cylindrical products.
The major use is found in pipeline inspections for assessing
highly corroded defects.
The principle behind the working of laser profilometry
testing is based on image processing of laser beam when it is
bent by the test object profile.
Using the profilometer method crucial information regarding
repair and operability can be assessed efficiently with an
accuracy of 0.03mm and with a resolution of 0.05mm.
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10. ULTRASONIC FLAW DETECTION
Ultrasonic flaw detection method or ultrasonic testing
(UT) is an effective NDT method applicable to most
materials.
It is a method to detect surface and internal
discontinuities such as laps , seams , voids , cracks ,
blow holes , inclusions and lack of bond.
UT uses high frequency sound energy to detect surface
and internal discontinuities.
UT is completely a safe method and widely used due to
its high penetrating capacity and inspection of extremely
thick sections. 15-07-2022 10
11. Ultrasonic waves
Sound waves having frequency above 20 khz .
Usual frequency for NDT are in the range of 0.5 to 10
MHz
The selection of actual frequency depends on
1. roughness of the surface
2.grain size of the material.
3.Dimensions of the flaw.
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12. Working Principle of ultrasonic testing
A typical ultrasonic system consists of several functional units
such as the pulse receiver, transducer and display devices.
A pulser/receiver can produce high voltage ultrasonic energy.
Driven by the pulser, the transducer generates high frequency
energy.
The sound energy is introduced and propagates through the
materials in the form of waves.
When there is a discontinuity in wave path part of energy will
be reflected back from surface.
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13. Working principle (cont’d)
The reflected wave signal is transformed into electrical
signal by the transducer and it is displayed on a screen.
Signal travel time can be directly related to the distance
that the signal travelled.
From the signal, information about the reflector flaw
location,size and orientation and other features can be
obtained.
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15. Transmission method
The flaw can be identified on quantifying the received
sound waves.
It consists of two transducers placed on opposite sides.
One is to transmit the sound wave and other is to receive
them.
Discontinuities provide some obstruction to sound
waves.
So it results in partial or total loss in transmitted sound
waves.
The decrease in the received signal amplitude indicates
the presence of defects in test specimen. 15-07-2022 15
17. Procedure followed in transmission method
Two transducers are placed opposite to each other on
the surface of the test specimen .
One is to transmit sound waves and other is to
receive them.
The result can be seen through CRT screen display.
The specimen without defect has no loss in
transmitted sound waves and the graph will be nearly
equal as shown in fig
The specimen with defect has loss in transmitted
sound waves so it will reflect in the graph by short
pulse as shown in fig
15-07-2022 17
18. Pulse - echo method
Here only one transducer is used.
This transducer acts as both transmitter and receiver.
It sends out a pulse of energy and the same receives it.
The transmitted sound wave reflects due to the presence
of discontinuities at the surface of the test specimen.
The amount of reflected wave is displayed with respect
to time .
Which provides the information about the size and the
location of features that reflect the sound.
15-07-2022 18
20. Procedure followed in pulse echo method
A test specimen is placed to conduct ultrasonic testing.
A pulse generator is used to generate pulse of required frequency.
The generated pulse is transmitted through transducer.
The reflected wave is received by the same transducer which has
receiver unit with it.
The received pulse is amplified by using an amplifier.
Then the both transmitted and received pulse is compared in CRO
display unit.
By plotting these against time, we can find the location of the
defects. 15-07-2022 20
21. Advantages of ultrasonic testing
Sensitive to both surface and subsurface discontinuities.
Small discontinuities can be detected.
Large size specimen can be inspected in short duration.
Ver cheap & has high speed of operation.
Minimal part preparation is required.
Inspection can be done from one surface of the object.
High sensitive and greater accuracy.
Electronic equipments provide instant results.
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22. Limitations of ultrasonic testing
Surface must be accessible and smooth.
Complex geometries are difficult to inspect.
Not suitable for coarse grained surfaces.
Skilled operator is required
Linear defects oriented parallel to the sound beam may
go undetected.
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23. Applications of ultrasonic testing
Testing ferrous and non ferrous pipes, rods and bars.
Detecting corrosion in various petroleum and gas pipe lines.
Erosion and corrosion thickness gauging.
Testing welds in pressure vessels, pipes, structures ,bridges
,aircraft, marines etc.
Fatigue detection in welds and boilers.
Inspecting large castings, forgings rails and rolled steel sections.
Estimation of void content in composites and plastics.
Detecting stages, blow holes, inclusions porosity and grain size.
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24. REFERENCE TEXTBOOKS
Non destructive testing : Dr . A . Anderson , Dr . S Ramachandran.
Non destructive testing techniques : Ravi Prakash
Non destructive testing and evaluation of materaials : J Prasad
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