Barnard's major contributions to the theory of organizations include: 1) Defining an organization as a social system requiring human cooperation to achieve consciously coordinated activities between two or more people. 2) Distinguishing between the formal and informal aspects of an organization, with the formal having better coordination and interaction and the informal having less coordination in social interactions. 3) Identifying key elements that organizations need like functionalization, incentives for group contributions, authority structures, and decision making powers to maintain equilibrium between individual and organizational efforts.

1. CONTRIBUTION BY CHESTER BARNARD PRESENTED BY Darpan kr. PandeyPunjab Institute of Management & TechnologyMandigobindgarh

2. INTRODUCTIONBARNARD :- He was a president of new jersey bell telephone company. According to him organization is a social system that required human cooperation. Barnard believed that organization is made up by people with interacting social relationship.

3. INTRODUCTIONAccording to him –the manager major function is communicate and stimulate sub-ordinate to higher level of effort. A major part of organization success depending upon the cooperation of its employee.

4. The major contribution of Barnard is-Concept of organization-organization as a system of consciously coordinated activity of two or more than two people. Formal and informal organization-formal organization has well coordination and good interaction between people. Informal organization has not good coordination in social interaction among people.Element of organization-a) organization should have functionalisationb) organization should have given effective incentives for contribution of their group action.

5. c) Organization should give power for accept the decisions of the executivesd) Organization should give right for taking logical decision making.4 . Authority –authority is follows from bottom to top. this is called acceptance theory of authority or bottom of theory.5 . Function of executives- maintain the good communication in organization.

6. 6. Motivation -make pleasant organization, give power , participation.mutual supporting.7. Executive effectiveness –manager should require high order responsible leadership.8. Organizational equilibrium-maintain the equilibrium between individuals effort and organisational effort .