The document discusses the political systems and governments that existed in the Philippines prior to Spanish colonization. It describes 4 categories of societal structures: 1) Classless societies with no social hierarchy; 2) Warrior societies led by warrior chiefs; 3) Petty plutocracies ruled by a landowning class; and 4) Principalities with a ruling noble class like the Muslim sultanates of Sulu and Maguindanao. The basic political unit was the barangay, a community led by a datu who had executive, legislative, and judicial powers. Social classes included nobles, warriors, freemen, and slaves.

1. UNIT II: PHILIPPINE
DEMOCRATIC POLITICS
PHILIPPINE POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE

2. Learning Objectives
The learners will able to…
1. Relate the evolution of Philippine politics and
governance
2. Analyze the evolution of Philippine politics and
governance
3. Assess the effects of the colonial experience on
Philippine politics and governance
4. Appraise the influence of prior stages of Philippine
political developments on contemporary Philippine
politics

3. The Development of Philippine
Government
The evolution of Philippine politics may be presented through the
various historical
periods that the country has undergone.The discussion will be
divided as follows:
1. Pre-colonial period (before 1565)
2. Spanish period (1565–1898)
3. Revolutionary period (1868–1898)
4. American period (1898–1941)
5. Japanese occupation (1941–1945)
6. Postwar era or theThird Philippine Republic (1946–1971)
7. Martial Law era (1972–1981) and the Fourth Republic (1981–1986)
8. Post-EDSA or the Fifth Republic (1986–present)

4. Politics in
Pre-Spanish
Period to Post
Spanish Period
Lesson 1 Midterm

5. THE PRE-COLONIAL ERA

6. Hispanization Era
►These are the changes that
were made in the lifestyles of
the Filipino people during the
Spanish occupation
Examples:
Having Spanish names
Religions
Change in Clothings, traditions,
and beliefs

7. Unhispanized Era
► To describe a time
before the Spaniards
arrived and never
existed in areas where
they did not govern

8. Government during Pre-colonial Era
•There was no national government.There were many
independent barangays and datus. But there was no datu
strong enough to unite the archipelago into one nation.
Some barangays, however, united to form a
confederation.
•The barangay was the Filipino's earliest form of
government. It was an independent settlement
consisting of thirty to one hundred families usually
situated along a river bank or at the mouth of a river
spilling out to the sea.The term barangay was derived
from the Malay word barangay or balangay, which
means sailboat.

9. Sultan
►Originally, it was an Arabic
abstract noun meaning
"strength", "authority",
"rulership", derived from the
verbal noun sulṭah, meaning
"authority" or "power".
►Leader of Muslim sultanate

10. Datu
►possessed power and
authority to collect taxes,
tariffs, fees, disposed
property & delegate authority
during unhispanized period
►Held the executive,
legislative, and judicial power

11. Executive Power of Datu
►The recognized traditional leader in the
community and facilitate order and harmony
within the community often time related to him
by blood. He also acts as mediator during
conflict and lead in fighting during tribal wars.
►Implementing laws.
►Maintaining peace and order
►Collect taxes

12. Legislative Power of Datu
►The Datu makes law with the assistance of group
elders(advisers). It can be written or oral law.
Umalohokan - refers to the town criers of
precolonial barangays in the Philippines.They
were responsible for going around and making
people aware of new laws and policies enacted by
the Datu or chieftain.

13. Judicial Power of Datu
►The Datu acted as a judge(hukom) during trial or
in setting disputes and deciding cases in his
barangay.
►Trial by ordeal -Trial by ordeal was an ancient
judicial practice by which the guilt or innocence of
the accused was determined by subjecting them to a
painful, or at least an unpleasant, usually dangerous
experience.
►Compensation/fine

14. Stratification System
Maginoo (Noble class/royal blood)
Maharlika (warrior class)
Timawa (freemen or commoner)
Aliping Namamahay (serfs)
Aliping Sagigilid (slaves)

15. CLASS STRUCTURE/POLITICAL
SYSTEM INTHE UNHISPANIZED
PHILIPPINES

16. Class Structure in unhispanized
Philippines
Class structures in the unhispanized Philippines
range from societies which distinguish no classes
at all to those which distinguish either economic
or political classes.

17. 1st Class – Classless Societies
Classless because they
distinguish no class or group
which exerts authority or
advantage over other classes or
groups.They have no chief
heads, servants or slaves.They
live by gathering forest
products, hunting, farming and
fishing.

18. 1st Class – Classless Societies
E.g.
1. Ikalahan (NuevaVescaya),
2. Hanunoo Mangyan (Mindoro),
3. Batak (Palawan),
4. Sulod (Panay),
5. Tiruray (Cotabato)

19. 2nd Class – Warrior Societies
Societies with a recognized class
distinguished by prowess in battle.
Pangayaw/Mangayaw (raid)- the
major occasion for exercising
military skills in the societies
where captives and heads are
taken but not territory.

20. 2nd Class – Warrior Societies
Warrior chief – the political leader of this society
E.g.
1. Isneg & Kalinga (Cordillera Luzon),
2. Manobo of Agusan Cotobato,
3. Mandaya &Bagobo of Davao,
4. Bilaan (Bagani or Magani of Cotabato)

21. 3rd Category – Petty Plutocracies
Societies with a recognized class characterized by
inherited real property.The Petty Plutocracies means
authority is localized by class of rich men.
Plutocracy is a government controlled exclusively by
the wealthy, either directly or indirectly. A plutocracy
allows, either openly or by circumstance, only the
wealthy to rule.

22. 3rd Category – Petty Plutocracies
E.g.
1. Ifugao
2. Bontoc
3. Kankanay
4. Ibaloy

23. 4th Category - Principalities
Societies with a recognized ruling
class with inherited rights to assume
political office or exercise central
authority.It is the most strongest
and most organized political entity
in Philippine pre-colonial history. All
societies in this category profess
Islam - for which reason they were
called moros in Spanish

24. 4th Category - Principalities
e.g.
1. the Sultanates of Sulu
2. The Sultanates of Maguindanao.

25. Class Structure in the Unhispanized
Philippines
1st Category – Classless Societies
2nd Category – Warrior Societies
3rd Category – Petty Plutocracies
4th Category - Principalities