This document provides instructions and examples for using various graphics functions in C++. It explains how to: 1. Initialize graphics mode and detect available graphics drivers. 2. Draw basic shapes like lines, circles, arcs, rectangles, and bars by specifying their coordinates and attributes. 3. Set properties like color, fill style, and line style. 4. Include additional functions like floodfill, moveto, outtext, and putpixel to manipulate graphics output. 5. Close the graphics mode and return to the default screen using the graphdefault and closegraph functions.

1. FOLLOWING STEP MUST DONE:
Following steps are very important when you want
to go on the graphics mode :
int gd= DETECT,gm;
Initgraph(&gd,&gm,”C:TCBGI”);

2. INT gd=DETECT,gm:
• The purpose of this function is to detect all
the drivers that store in your PC’”s.

3. Gm:
• It is the function which is use to set your
computer on graphics mode.

4. Initgraph(&gd,&gm,”C:TCBGI”);
• This is the function which creates the
graph on over screen which strating point
is (0,0).
• FIGURE:

5. HOW TO DRAW AN ARC:
SYNTAX TO DRAM AN ARC IS:
ARC(X,Y,STARING ANGLE,ENDING
ANGLE,RADIUS);
EXAMPLE:
ARC(100,100,0,135,50);
WHERE STARTING TWO SHOW THE
COORDINATES(100,100),AND SECOND TWO
SHOW THE STARTING ANGLE AND ENDING
ANGLE(0,135)OR THE LAST ONE SHOW THE
RADIUS OF THE ARC(50).

6. PROGRAM OF DRAWING ARC:
#include<graphics.h>
#include<conio.h>
main()
{
int gd = DETECT, gm;
initgraph(&gd, &gm, "C:TCBGI");
arc(100, 100, 0, 135, 50);
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}

7. HOW TO DRAW A BAR:
SYNTAX OF THE BAR IS:
BAR(LEFT,TOP,RIGHT,BOTTOM);
EXAMPLE:
BAR(100,100,200,200);
WHERE STARTING TWO SHOW THE VALUES OF
X-COORDINATES(100,100) AND ENDING TWO
SHOW THE Y-COORDINATES (200,200).

8. HOW TO DRAW A CIRCLE:
• SYNTAX OF THE CIRCLE:
circle(x,y,radius);
EXAMPLE:
CIRCLE(100,100,50);
WHERE STARTING TWO SHOW THE
COORDINATES(X,Y) AND ONE IS THE
RADIUS.

9. CLEARDEVICE FUNCTION:
• Cleardevice function is use to clear the
function from the graphics mode.
• Syntax:
• Cleardevice();
• Don’t use the clrscr in graphics mode.

10. HOW TO DRAM THE ELLIPSE:
• Syntax to draw the ellipse:
• Ellipse(x,y,strat angle,end angle,radius
from x coordinates,radius from y
coordinates);
• Where srtaring two is the coordinates
position,other two is the strat or end of
angle and last two show the radius from
the x and y coordinates.

11. HOW TO DRAM THE
FILLELLIPSE:
• SYNTAX OF THE FILLELLIPSE:
fillellipse(x,y,a radius,y radius);
EXAMPLE:
Fillellipse(100,100,50,25)
Where strating two is the coordinates and
the ending two is the radius from x,y
coordinates.

12. HOW TO DRAW A FLOODFILL:
• SYNTAX OF FLOODFILL IS:
• Floodfill(x,y,border);
• EXAMPLE:
• Floodfill(100,100,RED);
• Here start two point show coordinates
position and last one show color of border.

13. MOVETO FUNCTION:
• Moveto function is use to move the
function from one place to another.
• SYNTAX:
• moveto(x,y);
• EXAMPLE:
• Moveto(100,100);
points show the coordinates position.

14. HOW TO DRAW THE LINE:
• SYNTAX OF THE LINE:
• Line(x,y,x,y);
• EXAMPLE:
• Line(100,100,200,200);
• Where start two points show the starting
point of line and other two point show the
ending points of line.

15. OUTTEXT FUNCTION:
• This function is same as the function of
printf(),it is also use to print the text on the
screen but in graphics outtext is use in
place of printf();.
• SYNTAX:
• Outtext(“text”);
• EXAMPLE:
• outtext(“quaid-e-azam”);.

16. OUTTEXTXY FUNCTION:
• It is the function in which you print the
prompt but in the position that you want .
• SYNTAX:
• Outtextxy(x,y,”text”);
• EXAMPLE:
• Outtextxy(100,100,”allama iqbal”);.

17. HOW TO DRAW THE
RECTANGLE:
• SYNTAX:
rectangle(left,top,right,bottom);
• EXAMPLE:
rectangle(100,100,200,200);
Where strating points show the values of
first point values of (x,y) or second show
the second values of(x,y).

18. BACKGROUNDCOLOR
FUNCTION:
• Background color function is use to set the
background color.
SYNTAX:
setbkcolor(colorname or code);
EXAMPLE:
Setbkcolor(red);

19. SETCOLOR FUNCTION:
• This function is use to changr the color of
text.
• STNTAX:
• Setcolor(color code and name);
• EXAMPLE:
• setcolor(RED);

20. SETFILLSTYLE FUNCTION:
• This function is use to setfillstyle function
sets the current fill pattern.
• SYNTAX:
• Setfillstyle(STYLE,color );
• EXAMPLE:
• Setfillstyle(HATCH_FILL,RED);

21. LIST OF DIFFERENT FILL STYLE:
{
1. EMPTY_FILL,
2. SOLID_FILL,
3. LINE_FILL,
4. LTSLASH_FILL,
5. SLASH_FILL,
6. BKSLASH_FILL,
7. LTBKSLASH_FILL,
8. HATCH_FILL,
9. XHATCH_FILL,
10. INTERLEAVE_FILL,
11. WIDE_DOT_FILL,
12. CLOSE_DOT_FILL,
13. USER_FILL
};

22. SETLINESTYLE FUNCTION:
• This function is use to setline style.
• SYNTAX:
• Setlinestyle(linestyle,pattern,thickness);
• EXAMPLE:
• Setlinestyle(2,0,3);

23. LIST OF DIFFERENT LINE
STYLE:
{
1. SOLID_LINE,
2. DOTTED_LINE,
3. CENTER_LINE,
4. DASHED_LINE,
5. USERBIT_LINE
};

24. SETTEXT STYLE FUNCTION:
• Settextstyle function is used to change the way
in which text appears, using it we can modify
the size of text, change direction of
text horizontal or vertical.HORIZ_DIR,VERT-
DIR.
• SYNTAX:
settextstyle(font,direction,size);
EXAMPLE:
settextstyle(3,HORIZ_DIR,3);

25. DIFFERENT FONT STYLES:
{
1. DEFAULT_FONT,
2. TRIPLEX_FONT,
3. SMALL_FONT,
4. SANS_SERIF_FONT,
5. GOTHIC_FONT,
6. SCRIPT_FONT,
7. SIMPLEX_FONT,
8. TRIPLEX_SCR_FONT,
9. COMPLEX_FONT,
10. EUROPEAN_FONT,
11. BOLD_FONT
};

26. GRAPHDEFAULT:
• It is the function which is use to set the
text color and its size on default.
• EXAMPLE:
Setcolor(3);
setfontstyle(3,HORIZ_DIR,3);
Graphdefault();

27. PUTPIXEL:
• The function use to show the pixel on the
screen.We know the pixel is so small so it
is difficult to so the one pixel.
• SYNTAX:
putpixel(x,y,color);
EXAMPLE:
putpixel(100,100,RED);

28. GRAPHDEFAULT:
• It is the function use to exit graphics mode
and set it on the default mode.