The document discusses various types of power generating stations, including steam, hydroelectric, diesel, and nuclear power plants, detailing their operational principles, advantages, and disadvantages. It emphasizes the need for generating stations due to increasing electricity demand and highlights key design considerations for efficient power generation. Each type is evaluated for its fuel costs, efficiency, environmental impact, and suitability for different geographic locations.

1. ******POWER SYSTEMS*****
***VOLUME -1***

2. Generating stations
• Why we need generating stations?
• As ever increasing of electric power for
domestic ,commercial and industrial
necessitates to provide bulk amount of power
this is achieved with sutiable power producing
units know as power plants or generating
stations.

3. • What are the important aspects for design of
power plant?
• The important aspects for design power plants
are
• 1.firstly ,selections and placing of necessary
power-generating equipment that maximum
returns will results for minimum expenditure.
• 2.operations of plant should be such as to
provide cheap,reliable and continuous service.

4. What are the types of power stations ?
Power
stations are 4
types
Steam power
stations
Hydroelectric
power
stations
Diesel power
stations
Nuclear
power
stations

5. **Steam power station**
• A Generating station which convert heat energy
of coal combustion into electrical energy is called
as steam power stations.
• It basically works on rankine cycle.
• Steam is produced in the boiler by utilising heat
of coal combustion . then steam is expanded to
prime mover (steam turbine) and it is condensed
in condenser to be fed onto boiler again .steam
turbine drives the alternator which convert
mechanical energy of the turbine into electrical
energy.

6. Advantages & Disadvantages steam
power plant
• *******Advantages*********
• The fuel(ie.,coal) quiet cheap.
• Less initial cost compared to other generating
stations.
• It can installed at any place irrespective of
existence of coal . the coal coal can be
transported to the site by rail or road.
• The cost of generations is less compared to
diesel power stations.

7. • ********Disadvantages*********
• It is costlier in running cost compared to
hydroelectric plants.
• It pollutes the atmosphere due to productions
of large amount of smoke and fumes

8. *Hydro-electric power station*
• Hydro electric power station are generally located
at hilly areas ,where dams can built conveniently
and large water reservoirs can obtained.
• The water from dam is led to turbine .the water
turbine capture the energy in falling water and
changes the hydraulic energy into mechanical
energy at the turbine shaft.
• The turbine drives the alternator which converts
mechanical energy into electrical energy .

9. ***ADVANTAGES***
• IT REQUIRES ONLY WATER FOR GENERATING
ELECTRICAL ENERGY.
• IT IS COMPARATIVELY SIMPLE CONSTRUCTION
AND REQUIRES LESS MAINTENANCE.
• IT REQUIERS VERY SMALL RUNNING CHARGES
• BECAUSE WATER IS THE SOURCE OF ENERGY
WHICH IS AVAILABLE FREE OF COST.

10. ***DIS-ADVANTAGES***
• IT REQUIRES HIGH COST OF TRANSMISSION
LINES AS THE PLANT IS LOCATED IN HILLY
AREAS WHICH IS AWAY FROM CONSUMERS.
• IT IS TOTALLY DEPENDENT ON WEATHER
CONDITIONS FOR GENERATING POWER.

11. ***DIESEL POWER STATION***
• DEF :- A GENERATING STATIONS IN WHICH DIESEL
ENGINE IS USED AS PRIME MOVER FOR GENERATING
OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY IS KNOW AS DIESEL POWER
STATION………
• IN THIS POWER STATION DIESEL ACT AS A PRIME
MOVER. DIESEL BURNS INSIDE THE ENGINE AND THE
PRODUCTS OF THIS COMBUSTION ACT AS THE
“WORKING FLUID” TO PRODUCE MECHANICAL ENERGY.
• THE DIESEL ENGINE DRIVES THE ALTERNATOR WHICH
CONVERTS MECHANICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL
ENERGY.

12. • ****ADVANTAGES****
• THE THERMAL EFFICIENCY OF THE PLANT IS
HIGHER THAN THAT OF STEAM POWER STATION.
• IT REQUIRE LESS OPERATING STAFF.
• IT CAN BE LOCATED AT ANY PLACE.
• ******DIS –ADVANTAGES******
• DUE TO DIESEL ITSW RUNNING CHARGES IS HIGH
.
• THE PLANT CAN ONLY GENERATE SMALL POWER
• THE COST OF LUBRICATION IS HIGH.

13. ****NUCLEAR POWER STATION****
• DEF :- A GENERATING TATION IN WHICH NUCLEAR
ENERGY IS CONVERTED INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
IS KNOW AS NUCLEAR POWER PLANT……………..
• IN NUCLEAR POWER PLANT WE USE HEAVY
ELEMENTS LIKE
• URANINUM(U-235) OR THORIUM (U-232).
• THIS ELEMENT ARE SUBJECTED TO NUCLEAR
FISSION IN SPECIAL APPARATUS KNOW AS
REACTOR.

14. • THUS HEAT ENERGY RELEASED IS UTILISED IN
RAISING STEAM AT HIGH TEMPERATURE AND
PRESSURE.
• THE STEAM RUNS THE STEAM TURBINE
WHICH CONVERTS STEAM ENERGY INTO
MECHANICAL ENERGY.
• THE TURBINE DRIVES THE ALTERNATOR
WHICH CONVERTSMECHANICAL ENERGY INTO
ELECTRICAL ENERGY………….

15. • THE MOST IMPORTANT POINT WE HAVE TO
REMEMBER IS THAT WE CAN GENERATE HUGE
AMOUNT OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY FOR SMALL
AMOUNT OF NUCLEAR FUEL………..
• “ IT AS BEEN FOUND THAT FROM I KG OF
URANIUM WE CAN PRODUCE AS MUCH AS
ENERGY WE CAN…..AS CAN BE PRODUCE BY
BURNING OF 4,500 TONS OF HIGH GRADE
COAL”.
• AT PRESENT AS THER IS CRISIS IN ENERGY
SECTORS ..NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS CAN BE
SUCCESSFULLY EMPLOYED FOR PRODUCING
ELECTRICAL ENERGY…

16. • ***** ADVANTAGES******
• THIS TYPE OF PLANT IS VERY ECONOMICAL FOR
PRODUCING BULK ELECTRIC POWER.
• THE COST OF PRIMARY DISTURBUTIONS IS
REDICED BECAUSE ….IT DOES NOT REQUIER
LARGE QUANTITIES OF WATER AND NEED NOT BE
NEAR COAL MINES……..
• THERE ARE LARGER DEPOSITES OF NUCLEAR
FUELS ALL OVER THE WORLD.THERFORE SUCH
PLANTS CAN ENSURE CONTINUED SUPPLY OF
ELECTRICAL ENERGY FOR THOUSANDS OF YEARS.

17. • ***** DIS-ADVANTAGES*****
• THE CAPITAL COAST ON A NUCLEAR PLANT IS
VERY HIGH AS COMPARED TO OTHER TYPES
OF PLANTS.
• THE ERECTIONS AND COMMISSIONING OF
THE PLANT REQUIRES GREATER TECHNICAL
KNOW –HOW.
• THE FISSION PRODUCTS ARE GENERALLY
RADIOACTIVE AND MAY CAUSE A DANGEROUS
AMOUNT OF RADIOACTIVE POLLUTION.

18. ****QUESTIONS****
• THE COST OF FUEL TRANSPORTATION IS
MINIMUM IN “HYDRO-ELECTRIC”PLANT.
• THE CHEAPEST PLANT IN OPERATION AND
MAINTENANCE IS “HYDRO-ELECTRIC”PLANT.
• INDIAS FIRST NUCLEAR POWER PLANT WAS
BUILT IN”TARAPUR”.
• THE FIRST NUCLEAR PLANT IN THE WORLD
WAS COMMISSIONED IN “U.S.S.R IN 1954”.