2. Motivation
• McIntyre and Noels (1996)
The individuals who are exceptionally motivated
have a tendency to utilize more language
learning strategies than the individuals who are
less motivated.
• Chang and Huang (1999)
Research shows most learning strategies use are
related to motivational level.
3. Age
• Ellis (1994)
Young children prefer using task-specific manner
strategies while older children and adults prefer
using generalized strategies.
4. Language Proficiency
• Chen (1990)
Low-proficiency students adopt more strategies
than high-proficiency students.
• Oxford and Burry-Stock (1995)
Learners with diverse dialect capability embrace
distinctive examples and frequencies of LLS.
5. Learning Style
• Ehrman and Oxford (1990)
Extroverts, for instance, demonstrate a solid inclination for
social systems, while introverts use metacognitive
techniques all the more oftentimes.
• Rossi-Le (1995)
Learners who support gathering study are demonstrated to
utilize social and interactive strategies, for example,
working with companions or asking clarification.
• Green and Oxford (1995)
Students will mostly choose strategies that reflect their
learning styles.
6. Cultural Background
• Bedell (1993)
Diverse cultural groups use specific sorts of
strategies at distinctive levels of frequency.
• Politzer and McGroarty (1985)
Asians prefer rule-related and memorization
strategies.