This document discusses using multilevel inverters to improve power quality. Multilevel inverters can generate nearly sinusoidal voltage waveforms using multiple DC sources. They allow higher voltage outputs while reducing harmonic distortion compared to traditional two-level inverters. The document outlines different multilevel inverter topologies and modulation techniques to reduce total harmonic distortion in the output voltage waveform. Applications of multilevel inverters include adjustable speed drives, electric vehicles, and distributed power generation where their ability to produce high quality power with lower harmonic distortion is beneficial.
Line and Grid Impedance Impact on the Performances of a Parallel Connected Mo...IAES-IJPEDS
With the rising fuel cost, increasing demand of power and the concerns for global climate change, the use of clean energy make the connection of power electronics building bloc in the heart of the current research. The high output current applications make the parallel connection of modular inverters to be a solution for the use of low power building block inverters where the output power cannot be handled by a single inverter configuration. In this context, average-modeling using average phase–leg technique allows the n-parallel connected inverters to be analyzed accurately and rapidly without requiring the complexity of the full switched inverter topology. The obtained analytical solution along with the equivalent circuit model makes easier the design of the control loop. The analytical solution of the n-parallel connected inverters shows the impact of the line and grid impedance on the performance of the overall system. The impact of this coupling has to be investigated such that the main feature of paralleling inverters is guaranteed and that the inverter mode of operation will not be compromised. The main advantage of paralleling inverters can be lost for a certain coupling impedance considerations.
Design of Wide-band Power Amplifier Based on Power Combiner Technique with Lo...IJECEIAES
RF power amplifiers are one of challenging blocks in designing radio frequency transceivers, this is due to non-linearity behavior of power amplifiers that leads to inter-modulation distortion. This paper presents the design of wide-band power amplifier which combined with parallel coupled line band pass filter at the input and output of power amplifier to allow the only required frequency band to pass through the power amplifier. Class-A topology and ATF-511P8 transistor are used in this design. Advanced Design System software used as a simulation tool to simulate the designed wideband power amplifier. The simulation results showed an input return loss (S11) which less than -10dB, and gain (S21) is higher than 10 dB over the entire frequency band and considers as flat as well. The designed amplifier is stable over the bandwidth (K>1). Inter-modulation distortion is -56.919dBc which is less than -50dBc with 10dBm input power. The designed amplifier can be used for the microwave applications which include weather radar, satellite communication, wireless networking, mobile, and TV.
Modeling and Simulation of Grid Connected PV SystemYogeshIJTSRD
In today’s scenario, renewable energy based applications are increasing due to the global warming issue and increase in the prices of fossil fuels. Renewable energy sources RES like sun, biomass, air, water etc. are environmental friendly and have plenty of potential that can be utilized in power generation. However, RES have a problem of intermittent in nature that can be conquered presently by combining RES known as hybrid system that can provide the reliable, economic and environment friendly electricity. The increased penetration of grid connected renewable energy sources has an impact on the grid power quality in particular weak grids. Voltage fluctuation, frequency fluctuation and harmonics are major power quality issues. Muhammad Shahid | MD Ejaz Ali "Modeling and Simulation of Grid Connected PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd43761.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/43761/modeling-and-simulation-of-grid-connected-pv-system/muhammad-shahid
Techno Economic Analysis of HVDC Links for Inter State InterconnectionYogeshIJTSRD
The design of an interregional high voltage transmission system in the US is a revolutionary technological concept that will likely play a significant role in the planning and operation of future electric power systems. This paper presents techno economics analysis of HVDC link for interstate inter connected system. there are two type transmission system used for large power supply to long distance transmission 1 HVDC high voltage dc transmission system 2 HVAC high voltage ac transmission system in which HVDC is preferable due less power loss in transmissions but it need high installing charge at the starting moment. It need two type of installation block 1 rectifier block at the sending end 2 inverter block at receiving end these both block deal with high reactive VAR. In this paper we are going to analyze technology of HVDC installation, there control, how HVDC link deal with reactive VAR reactive power compensation , how its economical if it need high installing charge .In this paper we are using 2500 MVA, 230 volt, 60 grid after rectifying power transmitted to 100 km by 100 km cable then it invert at receiving end for distribution. Here we are calculating reactive power demand for both inverter and converter both, we comparing HVDC transmutation system with HVAC transmission system economically we also coverings the environmental advantages for HVDC system. My focus in this paper is, how to minimize installing charge of HVDC link, how to increase power carrying capacity of HVDC system and how to make it environment friendly. Muhammad Shahid | MD Asif "Techno-Economic Analysis of HVDC Links for Inter-State Interconnection" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd43760.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/43760/technoeconomic-analysis-of-hvdc-links-for-interstate-interconnection/muhammad-shahid
Need for alternative energy sources to satisfy the rising demand in energy consumption elicited the research in the area of power converters/inverters. An increasing interest of using Z source inverter/converter in power generation involving renewable energy sources like wind and solar energy for both off grid and grid tied schemes were originated from 2003. This paper surveys the literature of Z source inverters/converter topologies that were developed over the years.
A New Power Factor Correction Technique using PFC Boost ConverterYogeshIJTSRD
The utilization of power is based on the power quality and ideally our power quality should be 1.0 for better efficiency and the qualitative power should be send from the sending end to the receiving end. By qualitative power it means that the transmission of the power has negligible losses. In electrical system the harmonics are present due to the nonlinear loads which includes rectifiers, variable speed drives etc. that use switching mode power supply SMPS .They are typically found in the blade servers. By power factor correction, in this paper, would be able to exterminate the harmonics up to a greater extend or the problem of low power factor can greatly improve. The power converter i.e., here the boost converter with power factor correction draws a sinusoidal AC current which is in phase with the voltage i.e., AC input voltage. The main objective of the paper is how the power factor is corrected up to greater extend by using of the boost converter and get the desired results of the AC current which will be in phase with the voltage and by using the technique like tunning PI controller. By tuning the PI controller in the PFC boost simulation circuit, PI controller shows minimum crossover distortion of the input current . It also shows low distortion of harmonics and very low tracking error when compared to the PI controllers which are conventional in nature. Furthermore, in this paper by using the PI controller technique, keeping the voltage and load variable during the simulation and will check the results of the graph that if there is any variation in the output voltage. Large amounts of currents are to be drawn if the power factor of the system is poor so, power factor correction helps us to achieve the good power. There are many converters that are used in the PFC but mainly Boost converter is used because it is simple and it gives excellent performance of Power factor. Kurteeba Muzaffar | Dr. Mohd Ilyas "A New Power Factor Correction Technique using PFC Boost Converter" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd43814.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/43814/a-new-power-factor-correction-technique-using-pfc-boost-converter/kurteeba-muzaffar
Line and Grid Impedance Impact on the Performances of a Parallel Connected Mo...IAES-IJPEDS
With the rising fuel cost, increasing demand of power and the concerns for global climate change, the use of clean energy make the connection of power electronics building bloc in the heart of the current research. The high output current applications make the parallel connection of modular inverters to be a solution for the use of low power building block inverters where the output power cannot be handled by a single inverter configuration. In this context, average-modeling using average phase–leg technique allows the n-parallel connected inverters to be analyzed accurately and rapidly without requiring the complexity of the full switched inverter topology. The obtained analytical solution along with the equivalent circuit model makes easier the design of the control loop. The analytical solution of the n-parallel connected inverters shows the impact of the line and grid impedance on the performance of the overall system. The impact of this coupling has to be investigated such that the main feature of paralleling inverters is guaranteed and that the inverter mode of operation will not be compromised. The main advantage of paralleling inverters can be lost for a certain coupling impedance considerations.
Design of Wide-band Power Amplifier Based on Power Combiner Technique with Lo...IJECEIAES
RF power amplifiers are one of challenging blocks in designing radio frequency transceivers, this is due to non-linearity behavior of power amplifiers that leads to inter-modulation distortion. This paper presents the design of wide-band power amplifier which combined with parallel coupled line band pass filter at the input and output of power amplifier to allow the only required frequency band to pass through the power amplifier. Class-A topology and ATF-511P8 transistor are used in this design. Advanced Design System software used as a simulation tool to simulate the designed wideband power amplifier. The simulation results showed an input return loss (S11) which less than -10dB, and gain (S21) is higher than 10 dB over the entire frequency band and considers as flat as well. The designed amplifier is stable over the bandwidth (K>1). Inter-modulation distortion is -56.919dBc which is less than -50dBc with 10dBm input power. The designed amplifier can be used for the microwave applications which include weather radar, satellite communication, wireless networking, mobile, and TV.
Modeling and Simulation of Grid Connected PV SystemYogeshIJTSRD
In today’s scenario, renewable energy based applications are increasing due to the global warming issue and increase in the prices of fossil fuels. Renewable energy sources RES like sun, biomass, air, water etc. are environmental friendly and have plenty of potential that can be utilized in power generation. However, RES have a problem of intermittent in nature that can be conquered presently by combining RES known as hybrid system that can provide the reliable, economic and environment friendly electricity. The increased penetration of grid connected renewable energy sources has an impact on the grid power quality in particular weak grids. Voltage fluctuation, frequency fluctuation and harmonics are major power quality issues. Muhammad Shahid | MD Ejaz Ali "Modeling and Simulation of Grid Connected PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd43761.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/43761/modeling-and-simulation-of-grid-connected-pv-system/muhammad-shahid
Techno Economic Analysis of HVDC Links for Inter State InterconnectionYogeshIJTSRD
The design of an interregional high voltage transmission system in the US is a revolutionary technological concept that will likely play a significant role in the planning and operation of future electric power systems. This paper presents techno economics analysis of HVDC link for interstate inter connected system. there are two type transmission system used for large power supply to long distance transmission 1 HVDC high voltage dc transmission system 2 HVAC high voltage ac transmission system in which HVDC is preferable due less power loss in transmissions but it need high installing charge at the starting moment. It need two type of installation block 1 rectifier block at the sending end 2 inverter block at receiving end these both block deal with high reactive VAR. In this paper we are going to analyze technology of HVDC installation, there control, how HVDC link deal with reactive VAR reactive power compensation , how its economical if it need high installing charge .In this paper we are using 2500 MVA, 230 volt, 60 grid after rectifying power transmitted to 100 km by 100 km cable then it invert at receiving end for distribution. Here we are calculating reactive power demand for both inverter and converter both, we comparing HVDC transmutation system with HVAC transmission system economically we also coverings the environmental advantages for HVDC system. My focus in this paper is, how to minimize installing charge of HVDC link, how to increase power carrying capacity of HVDC system and how to make it environment friendly. Muhammad Shahid | MD Asif "Techno-Economic Analysis of HVDC Links for Inter-State Interconnection" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd43760.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/43760/technoeconomic-analysis-of-hvdc-links-for-interstate-interconnection/muhammad-shahid
Need for alternative energy sources to satisfy the rising demand in energy consumption elicited the research in the area of power converters/inverters. An increasing interest of using Z source inverter/converter in power generation involving renewable energy sources like wind and solar energy for both off grid and grid tied schemes were originated from 2003. This paper surveys the literature of Z source inverters/converter topologies that were developed over the years.
A New Power Factor Correction Technique using PFC Boost ConverterYogeshIJTSRD
The utilization of power is based on the power quality and ideally our power quality should be 1.0 for better efficiency and the qualitative power should be send from the sending end to the receiving end. By qualitative power it means that the transmission of the power has negligible losses. In electrical system the harmonics are present due to the nonlinear loads which includes rectifiers, variable speed drives etc. that use switching mode power supply SMPS .They are typically found in the blade servers. By power factor correction, in this paper, would be able to exterminate the harmonics up to a greater extend or the problem of low power factor can greatly improve. The power converter i.e., here the boost converter with power factor correction draws a sinusoidal AC current which is in phase with the voltage i.e., AC input voltage. The main objective of the paper is how the power factor is corrected up to greater extend by using of the boost converter and get the desired results of the AC current which will be in phase with the voltage and by using the technique like tunning PI controller. By tuning the PI controller in the PFC boost simulation circuit, PI controller shows minimum crossover distortion of the input current . It also shows low distortion of harmonics and very low tracking error when compared to the PI controllers which are conventional in nature. Furthermore, in this paper by using the PI controller technique, keeping the voltage and load variable during the simulation and will check the results of the graph that if there is any variation in the output voltage. Large amounts of currents are to be drawn if the power factor of the system is poor so, power factor correction helps us to achieve the good power. There are many converters that are used in the PFC but mainly Boost converter is used because it is simple and it gives excellent performance of Power factor. Kurteeba Muzaffar | Dr. Mohd Ilyas "A New Power Factor Correction Technique using PFC Boost Converter" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd43814.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/43814/a-new-power-factor-correction-technique-using-pfc-boost-converter/kurteeba-muzaffar
This paper deals with controlling a grid-connected dual-active bridge multilevel inverter for renewable energy integration. The concept of direct power control is integrated with model predictive control algorithm, which is termed as predictive direct power control, to control the real and reactive power injected into the power grid. The proposed multilevel inverter allows more options of feasible voltage vectors for switching vector selections in order to generate multilevel outputs, and thereby obtaining high power quality in the power grid. By using the predictive direct power control, simulation results show that the proposed multilevel inverter produces lower power ripple and manage to achieve currents with low total harmonic distortion which are well within the IEEE standard. The modeling and simulation of the system are implemented and validated by MATLAB Simulink software.
A literature survey on AC-DC Converter using three phase single stage PFC & P...rahulmonikasharma
Today to achieve ac-dc power conversions with high input power factor and low harmonic distortions, Power factor correction (PFC) converters are widely used. This paper lays out the research and development done in the field of PFC’s. Converter topologies, control strategies, power quality etc has been discussed here. Higher power ratings, faster switching speed and lower cost are the areas of concern for digital controllers and converters and thus PFC has gained attention.
Hardware Implementation of Single Phase Power Factor Correction System using ...IAES-IJPEDS
Rapid increase of consumers in electronics devices and the use of mains rectification circuits inside these electronic devices is the root cause of mains harmonic distortion. Automatic power factor correction techniques can be applied to the industries, power systems and households to make them stable inturns increases the efficiency of system as well as the apparatus. This paper deals with the hardware design of active power factor correction circuit employing boost converter which is used to boost the DC voltages with a controller based on PID control strategy. The pulses given to power switches by pulse width modulation techniques generated by utilizing micro-controller board, Arduino thus obviating the need of complex hardware circuitry. MATLAB/SIMULINK was used to design and tune the PID controller parameters. The simulation results are matching with the predictions and the same was implemented as hardware. The waveforms various test points and across capacitors were obtained, studied and compared with the theoretical waveforms and are found to be in precise proximity of theoretical waveforms.
Recently, LCL has become amongst the most attractive filter used for grid-connected flyback inverters. Nonetheless, the switching of power devices in the inverter configuration creates harmonics that affect the end application behavior and might shorten its lifetime. Furthermore, the resonance frequencies produced by the LCL network contribute to the system instability. This paper proposes a step-by-step guide to designing an LCL filter by considering several key aspects such as the resonance frequency and maximum current ripple. A single-phase grid-connected flyback microinverter with an LCL filter was designed then constructed in the MATLAB/Simulink environment. Several different parameter variations and damping solutions were used to analyze the performance of the circuit. The simulation result shows a promising total harmonic distortion (THD) value below 5% and harmonic suppression up to 14%.
SIMULATION OF REDUCED SWITCH INVERTER BASED UPQC WITH FUZZY LOGIC AND ANN CON...MABUSUBANI SHAIK
ABSTRACT
This paper presents a new methodology to reduce harmonic distortion in UPQC using artificial neural network
and fuzzy logic controller. So this paper main aim is improve power quality by using UPQC with ANN and FLC. The most purpose of the proposed (ANN & FLC) is capable of providing good static and dynamic performances compared to PI controller. The UPQC is to control on voltage flicker/unbalance, reactive power and harmonics. In different words, the UPQC has the potential of up power quality at the purpose of installation on power industrial power systems. The appliance of computing is growing quick within the space of power electronics and drives. From olden days to now days we are using twelve switches used in back to back configuration. But now we are using nine switches instead of 12
switches. In 9 switch UPQC converter given the most useful benefits compared to 12 switches power converter. The nine switches UPQC converter gets the best results by using of three methods. They are one is PI controller technique, ANN controller technique and FLC controller technique. By contrast PI, FLC and ANN, ANN is better than (FLC & PI) for power quality enhancement and voltage sag and voltage swell mitigations. The factitious neural network (ANN) is taken into account as a replacement tool to style management electronic equipment for power quality (PQ) devices. A whole
simulation study is administrated to analysis the performance of the ANN controller and compares its performance with the quality FLC & PI controller’s results. The nine-switch convertor has already been proved to possess sure benefits,
additionally to its part saving topological feature. Despite these benefits, the nine-switch convertor has thus far found restricted applications because of its several perceived performance tradeoffs like requiring associate degree outsized
dc-link capacitance, restricted amplitude sharing, and unnatural part shift between its 2 sets of output terminals. Rather than acceptive these tradeoffs as limitations, a nine-switch power conditioner is projected here that nearly “converts” most of those topological short comings into fascinating performance benefits. Aiming more to cut back its switch losses,
Harmonics, Voltage Sag & Swell associate degree acceptable discontinuous modulation theme is projected and studied here thoroughly to doubly make sure that top reduction of commutations is achieved. With associate degree suitably
designed management theme with PI and ANN with Fuzzy logic controller then incorporated, the nine-switch convertor is shown to favorably raise the general power quality in Simulation, thus justifying its role as an influence conditioner at a reduced value.
KEYWORDS: ANN, Active Power Filters, PI Controller, Nine Switch Converter, Power Quality, UPQC
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Emc model for modern power electronic systems for harmonics, losses & emi...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Electromagnetic compatibility of power electronic systems becomes an engineering discipline and it should be considered at the
beginning stage of a design. Thus, a power electronics design becomes more complex and challenging and it requires a good
communication between EMI and Power electronics experts. Three major issues in designing a power electronic system are Losses,
EMI and Harmonics. These issues affect system cost, size, efficiency and quality and it is a tradeoff between these factors when we
design a power converter, filter. In this paper the EMC model is discussed which should be considered while designing the power
electronics systems. The design considerations in this paper help us to remove losses, harmonics & EMI elimination and power
quality improvement of Power systems.
Index Terms: Converter, EMI, EMC, Filter, Harmonics
Direct current (DC) electronic load is a useful equipment for testing the electrical system. It can emulate various load at a high rating. The electronic load requires a power converter to operate and a linear regulator is a common option. Nonetheless, it is hard to control due to the temperature variation. This paper proposed a DC electronic load using the boost converter. The proposed electronic load operates in the continuous current mode and control using the integral controller. The electronic load using the boost converter is compared with the electronic load using the linear regulator. The results show that the boost converter able to operate as an electronic load with an error lower than 0.5% and response time lower than 13 ms.
Modified phase shifted pwm scheme for reliability improvement in cascaded h-b...Asoka Technologies
The cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter (CHMI) is a modular structure that consists of many
power semiconductor switches. With this increase in the number of power semiconductor switches, it is hard to predict and handle the failure of the devices, and hence reliability of CHMI decreases. The major cause of power semiconductor switch failure is junction temperature that is produced by power losses. The study proposes a multi-carrier pulse-width modulation (PWM) scheme for reduction in switching losses of CHMI. In the proposed modulation scheme, the two legs conduct switching operation at different frequencies for switching reduction. One leg conducts switching operation with high frequency, while the other leg conducts switching operation with fundamental frequency. The switching operations with different frequencies cause
unbalanced switching loss to each leg. Therefore, the junction temperature that is based on power losses leads to different life-times for the power semiconductor switch. Additionally, the switching frequency of the two legs is alternated to evenly distribute switching losses and junction temperature. Simulation and experimental results verify the performance of the proposed PWM scheme.
Improvement of Power Quality using Fuzzy Logic Controller in Grid Connected P...IAES-IJPEDS
In this paper, the design of combined operation of UPQC and PV-ARRAY is designed. The proposed system is composed of series and shunt inverters connected back to back by a dc-link to which pv-array is connected. This system is able to compensate voltage and current related problems both in inter-connected mode and islanding mode by injecting active power to grid. The fundamental aspect is that the power electronic devices (PE) and sensitive equipments (SE) are normally designed to work in non-polluted power system, so they would suffer from malfunctions when supply voltage is not pure sinusoidal. Thus this proposed operating strategy with flexible operation mode improves the power quality of the grid system combining photovoltaic array with a control of unified power quality conditioner. Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) is used in both three phase four leg inverters. A Proportional Integral (PI) and Fuzzy Logic Controllers are used for power quality improvement by reducing the distortions in the output power. The simulated results were compared among the two controller’s strategies With pi controller and fuzzy logic controller
The inverter is the principal part of the photovoltaic (PV) systems that assures the direct current/alternating current (DC/AC) conversion (PV array is connected directly to an inverter that converts the DC energy produced by the PV array into AC energy that is directly connected to the electric utility). In this paper, we present a simple method for detecting faults that occurred during the operation of the inverter. These types of faults or faults affect the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of the photovoltaic system, especially the inverter, which is the main component responsible for the conversion. Hence, we have shown first the faults obtained in the case of the short circuit. Second, the open circuit failure is studied. The results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method. Good monitoring and detection of faults in the inverter can increase the system's reliability and decrease the undesirable faults that appeared in the PV system. The system behavior is tested under variable parameters and conditions using MATLAB/Simulink.
Multi-level converters are every day attracting research interest due to it tremendous positive contributions they are making in the power industries. The converter has put hope in the minds of power electronic engineers that a time will come when it will break a record by providing an efficient means of utilizing the abundant renewable energy resources. The paper presents a review of multilevel voltage source converters that are widely being used in engineering applications. It reports the technological advancements in converter topologies of Flying Capacitor (FC), Neutral Point (NPC) /Diode Clamped, and Cascaded H-Bridge (CHB) with their respective advantages and disadvantages. Recent customized/hybrid topologies of the three-phase multilevel inverter with reduced component count and switching combination are reported. The paper also reviewed different modulation techniques such as the multilevel converter carrier base PWM, Space Vector Modulation techniques (SVM), and Selective Harmonic Elimination method (SHE-PWM). Finally, various multilevel converters areas of application were highlighted. This review will expose the reader to the latest developments made in the multi-level topologies, modulation techniques, and applications.
Design of Earthing in Underground Substation using ETAP with ConstraintsYogeshIJTSRD
This paper describes the earthing design of a distribution substation 33kV 415V, 50Hz system. in this type of substation equipment’s are 33kV HV panel, transformer, battery, battery charger and Low voltage panels. The earth mat is below substation which is almost 15 18 Meter deep from ground level. The main considerable factors for earth mat design are soil resistivity which is higher due to basalt rock and system fault current. Fault current level of the system considered as 70kA derived from calculations. Earthing is essential for proper functioning of substation equipment’s and in the absence of proper designing affects in many ways like electric shock to personnel’s and malfunctions and damage to the equipment’s. The basic purpose of earthing is to ensure personnel safety, safe and reliable operation of equipment’s, prevent stray current, protection against interferences and keeps steps and touch potential within safe limit. This paper also discussed constraint in design due to below ground level. Result of manual calculation compared with design simulated through ETAP software version 19. The data used in design considered from a substation in Mumbai, Maharashtra. Daud Ahmad | Dr. Javed Ashraf "Design of Earthing in Underground Substation using ETAP with Constraints" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd43787.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/43787/design-of-earthing-in-underground-substation-using-etap-with-constraints/daud-ahmad
Harmonics Reduction and Power Factor Improvement of Switch Mode Power Supply ...ijtsrd
This article describes the topology of a DC DC converter operating in switching mode on off . During the completion of the switching cycle, the entire current flow may be resolved and the load may be left. Under these conditions, the initial conventional upconverter switches are heavily loaded and result in large power losses. Switches with boost converters provide low loss, high output voltage, high efficiency, small size, reduced electromagnetic interface EMI , and low voltage components for power supplies. Prof B. Sampath Kumar | Mr. P. B Vyavahare ""Harmonics Reduction and Power Factor Improvement of Switch Mode Power Supply by Using Zeta Converter"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23891.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/23891/harmonics-reduction-and-power-factor-improvement-of-switch-mode-power-supply-by-using-zeta-converter/prof-b-sampath-kumar
Performance analysis of PV powered multilevel inverterIJECEIAES
This article deals with the PV based DC/DC boost chopper integrated nine level inverter. This topology requires 7 switches in minimum to obtain a nine level stepped wave output. So the main objective of this paper is to develop a 9 level AC output using PV based DC/DC boost chopper. In the case of conventional multi-level inverter, 16 switches were utilized and the number of sources needed was also more. Here the proposed system comprises of single PV panel and the switches used are also less. Also PV is integrated with DC/DC boost chopper is used to increase the source input level of the inverter. Using MATLAB platform, the proposed system is simulated with a resistive and inductive load. The similar results are obtained in prototype which validates the designed converter.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development is an international premier peer reviewed open access engineering and technology journal promoting the discovery, innovation, advancement and dissemination of basic and transitional knowledge in engineering, technology and related disciplines.
This paper deals with controlling a grid-connected dual-active bridge multilevel inverter for renewable energy integration. The concept of direct power control is integrated with model predictive control algorithm, which is termed as predictive direct power control, to control the real and reactive power injected into the power grid. The proposed multilevel inverter allows more options of feasible voltage vectors for switching vector selections in order to generate multilevel outputs, and thereby obtaining high power quality in the power grid. By using the predictive direct power control, simulation results show that the proposed multilevel inverter produces lower power ripple and manage to achieve currents with low total harmonic distortion which are well within the IEEE standard. The modeling and simulation of the system are implemented and validated by MATLAB Simulink software.
A literature survey on AC-DC Converter using three phase single stage PFC & P...rahulmonikasharma
Today to achieve ac-dc power conversions with high input power factor and low harmonic distortions, Power factor correction (PFC) converters are widely used. This paper lays out the research and development done in the field of PFC’s. Converter topologies, control strategies, power quality etc has been discussed here. Higher power ratings, faster switching speed and lower cost are the areas of concern for digital controllers and converters and thus PFC has gained attention.
Hardware Implementation of Single Phase Power Factor Correction System using ...IAES-IJPEDS
Rapid increase of consumers in electronics devices and the use of mains rectification circuits inside these electronic devices is the root cause of mains harmonic distortion. Automatic power factor correction techniques can be applied to the industries, power systems and households to make them stable inturns increases the efficiency of system as well as the apparatus. This paper deals with the hardware design of active power factor correction circuit employing boost converter which is used to boost the DC voltages with a controller based on PID control strategy. The pulses given to power switches by pulse width modulation techniques generated by utilizing micro-controller board, Arduino thus obviating the need of complex hardware circuitry. MATLAB/SIMULINK was used to design and tune the PID controller parameters. The simulation results are matching with the predictions and the same was implemented as hardware. The waveforms various test points and across capacitors were obtained, studied and compared with the theoretical waveforms and are found to be in precise proximity of theoretical waveforms.
Recently, LCL has become amongst the most attractive filter used for grid-connected flyback inverters. Nonetheless, the switching of power devices in the inverter configuration creates harmonics that affect the end application behavior and might shorten its lifetime. Furthermore, the resonance frequencies produced by the LCL network contribute to the system instability. This paper proposes a step-by-step guide to designing an LCL filter by considering several key aspects such as the resonance frequency and maximum current ripple. A single-phase grid-connected flyback microinverter with an LCL filter was designed then constructed in the MATLAB/Simulink environment. Several different parameter variations and damping solutions were used to analyze the performance of the circuit. The simulation result shows a promising total harmonic distortion (THD) value below 5% and harmonic suppression up to 14%.
SIMULATION OF REDUCED SWITCH INVERTER BASED UPQC WITH FUZZY LOGIC AND ANN CON...MABUSUBANI SHAIK
ABSTRACT
This paper presents a new methodology to reduce harmonic distortion in UPQC using artificial neural network
and fuzzy logic controller. So this paper main aim is improve power quality by using UPQC with ANN and FLC. The most purpose of the proposed (ANN & FLC) is capable of providing good static and dynamic performances compared to PI controller. The UPQC is to control on voltage flicker/unbalance, reactive power and harmonics. In different words, the UPQC has the potential of up power quality at the purpose of installation on power industrial power systems. The appliance of computing is growing quick within the space of power electronics and drives. From olden days to now days we are using twelve switches used in back to back configuration. But now we are using nine switches instead of 12
switches. In 9 switch UPQC converter given the most useful benefits compared to 12 switches power converter. The nine switches UPQC converter gets the best results by using of three methods. They are one is PI controller technique, ANN controller technique and FLC controller technique. By contrast PI, FLC and ANN, ANN is better than (FLC & PI) for power quality enhancement and voltage sag and voltage swell mitigations. The factitious neural network (ANN) is taken into account as a replacement tool to style management electronic equipment for power quality (PQ) devices. A whole
simulation study is administrated to analysis the performance of the ANN controller and compares its performance with the quality FLC & PI controller’s results. The nine-switch convertor has already been proved to possess sure benefits,
additionally to its part saving topological feature. Despite these benefits, the nine-switch convertor has thus far found restricted applications because of its several perceived performance tradeoffs like requiring associate degree outsized
dc-link capacitance, restricted amplitude sharing, and unnatural part shift between its 2 sets of output terminals. Rather than acceptive these tradeoffs as limitations, a nine-switch power conditioner is projected here that nearly “converts” most of those topological short comings into fascinating performance benefits. Aiming more to cut back its switch losses,
Harmonics, Voltage Sag & Swell associate degree acceptable discontinuous modulation theme is projected and studied here thoroughly to doubly make sure that top reduction of commutations is achieved. With associate degree suitably
designed management theme with PI and ANN with Fuzzy logic controller then incorporated, the nine-switch convertor is shown to favorably raise the general power quality in Simulation, thus justifying its role as an influence conditioner at a reduced value.
KEYWORDS: ANN, Active Power Filters, PI Controller, Nine Switch Converter, Power Quality, UPQC
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Emc model for modern power electronic systems for harmonics, losses & emi...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Electromagnetic compatibility of power electronic systems becomes an engineering discipline and it should be considered at the
beginning stage of a design. Thus, a power electronics design becomes more complex and challenging and it requires a good
communication between EMI and Power electronics experts. Three major issues in designing a power electronic system are Losses,
EMI and Harmonics. These issues affect system cost, size, efficiency and quality and it is a tradeoff between these factors when we
design a power converter, filter. In this paper the EMC model is discussed which should be considered while designing the power
electronics systems. The design considerations in this paper help us to remove losses, harmonics & EMI elimination and power
quality improvement of Power systems.
Index Terms: Converter, EMI, EMC, Filter, Harmonics
Direct current (DC) electronic load is a useful equipment for testing the electrical system. It can emulate various load at a high rating. The electronic load requires a power converter to operate and a linear regulator is a common option. Nonetheless, it is hard to control due to the temperature variation. This paper proposed a DC electronic load using the boost converter. The proposed electronic load operates in the continuous current mode and control using the integral controller. The electronic load using the boost converter is compared with the electronic load using the linear regulator. The results show that the boost converter able to operate as an electronic load with an error lower than 0.5% and response time lower than 13 ms.
Modified phase shifted pwm scheme for reliability improvement in cascaded h-b...Asoka Technologies
The cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter (CHMI) is a modular structure that consists of many
power semiconductor switches. With this increase in the number of power semiconductor switches, it is hard to predict and handle the failure of the devices, and hence reliability of CHMI decreases. The major cause of power semiconductor switch failure is junction temperature that is produced by power losses. The study proposes a multi-carrier pulse-width modulation (PWM) scheme for reduction in switching losses of CHMI. In the proposed modulation scheme, the two legs conduct switching operation at different frequencies for switching reduction. One leg conducts switching operation with high frequency, while the other leg conducts switching operation with fundamental frequency. The switching operations with different frequencies cause
unbalanced switching loss to each leg. Therefore, the junction temperature that is based on power losses leads to different life-times for the power semiconductor switch. Additionally, the switching frequency of the two legs is alternated to evenly distribute switching losses and junction temperature. Simulation and experimental results verify the performance of the proposed PWM scheme.
Improvement of Power Quality using Fuzzy Logic Controller in Grid Connected P...IAES-IJPEDS
In this paper, the design of combined operation of UPQC and PV-ARRAY is designed. The proposed system is composed of series and shunt inverters connected back to back by a dc-link to which pv-array is connected. This system is able to compensate voltage and current related problems both in inter-connected mode and islanding mode by injecting active power to grid. The fundamental aspect is that the power electronic devices (PE) and sensitive equipments (SE) are normally designed to work in non-polluted power system, so they would suffer from malfunctions when supply voltage is not pure sinusoidal. Thus this proposed operating strategy with flexible operation mode improves the power quality of the grid system combining photovoltaic array with a control of unified power quality conditioner. Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) is used in both three phase four leg inverters. A Proportional Integral (PI) and Fuzzy Logic Controllers are used for power quality improvement by reducing the distortions in the output power. The simulated results were compared among the two controller’s strategies With pi controller and fuzzy logic controller
The inverter is the principal part of the photovoltaic (PV) systems that assures the direct current/alternating current (DC/AC) conversion (PV array is connected directly to an inverter that converts the DC energy produced by the PV array into AC energy that is directly connected to the electric utility). In this paper, we present a simple method for detecting faults that occurred during the operation of the inverter. These types of faults or faults affect the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of the photovoltaic system, especially the inverter, which is the main component responsible for the conversion. Hence, we have shown first the faults obtained in the case of the short circuit. Second, the open circuit failure is studied. The results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method. Good monitoring and detection of faults in the inverter can increase the system's reliability and decrease the undesirable faults that appeared in the PV system. The system behavior is tested under variable parameters and conditions using MATLAB/Simulink.
Multi-level converters are every day attracting research interest due to it tremendous positive contributions they are making in the power industries. The converter has put hope in the minds of power electronic engineers that a time will come when it will break a record by providing an efficient means of utilizing the abundant renewable energy resources. The paper presents a review of multilevel voltage source converters that are widely being used in engineering applications. It reports the technological advancements in converter topologies of Flying Capacitor (FC), Neutral Point (NPC) /Diode Clamped, and Cascaded H-Bridge (CHB) with their respective advantages and disadvantages. Recent customized/hybrid topologies of the three-phase multilevel inverter with reduced component count and switching combination are reported. The paper also reviewed different modulation techniques such as the multilevel converter carrier base PWM, Space Vector Modulation techniques (SVM), and Selective Harmonic Elimination method (SHE-PWM). Finally, various multilevel converters areas of application were highlighted. This review will expose the reader to the latest developments made in the multi-level topologies, modulation techniques, and applications.
Design of Earthing in Underground Substation using ETAP with ConstraintsYogeshIJTSRD
This paper describes the earthing design of a distribution substation 33kV 415V, 50Hz system. in this type of substation equipment’s are 33kV HV panel, transformer, battery, battery charger and Low voltage panels. The earth mat is below substation which is almost 15 18 Meter deep from ground level. The main considerable factors for earth mat design are soil resistivity which is higher due to basalt rock and system fault current. Fault current level of the system considered as 70kA derived from calculations. Earthing is essential for proper functioning of substation equipment’s and in the absence of proper designing affects in many ways like electric shock to personnel’s and malfunctions and damage to the equipment’s. The basic purpose of earthing is to ensure personnel safety, safe and reliable operation of equipment’s, prevent stray current, protection against interferences and keeps steps and touch potential within safe limit. This paper also discussed constraint in design due to below ground level. Result of manual calculation compared with design simulated through ETAP software version 19. The data used in design considered from a substation in Mumbai, Maharashtra. Daud Ahmad | Dr. Javed Ashraf "Design of Earthing in Underground Substation using ETAP with Constraints" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd43787.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/43787/design-of-earthing-in-underground-substation-using-etap-with-constraints/daud-ahmad
Harmonics Reduction and Power Factor Improvement of Switch Mode Power Supply ...ijtsrd
This article describes the topology of a DC DC converter operating in switching mode on off . During the completion of the switching cycle, the entire current flow may be resolved and the load may be left. Under these conditions, the initial conventional upconverter switches are heavily loaded and result in large power losses. Switches with boost converters provide low loss, high output voltage, high efficiency, small size, reduced electromagnetic interface EMI , and low voltage components for power supplies. Prof B. Sampath Kumar | Mr. P. B Vyavahare ""Harmonics Reduction and Power Factor Improvement of Switch Mode Power Supply by Using Zeta Converter"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23891.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/23891/harmonics-reduction-and-power-factor-improvement-of-switch-mode-power-supply-by-using-zeta-converter/prof-b-sampath-kumar
Performance analysis of PV powered multilevel inverterIJECEIAES
This article deals with the PV based DC/DC boost chopper integrated nine level inverter. This topology requires 7 switches in minimum to obtain a nine level stepped wave output. So the main objective of this paper is to develop a 9 level AC output using PV based DC/DC boost chopper. In the case of conventional multi-level inverter, 16 switches were utilized and the number of sources needed was also more. Here the proposed system comprises of single PV panel and the switches used are also less. Also PV is integrated with DC/DC boost chopper is used to increase the source input level of the inverter. Using MATLAB platform, the proposed system is simulated with a resistive and inductive load. The similar results are obtained in prototype which validates the designed converter.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development is an international premier peer reviewed open access engineering and technology journal promoting the discovery, innovation, advancement and dissemination of basic and transitional knowledge in engineering, technology and related disciplines.
COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS AND SIMULATION OF MULTILEVEL POWER CONVERTERS TO CURTA...ecij
Present day industrial applications require higher power apparatus for power conversion. At medium voltage grid, to connect only one power semiconductor switch directly is a not practically successful concept. To overcome this multilevel power converter structure has been introduced and studied as an alternative in high power and medium voltage applications. Renewable energy sources like photovoltaic, wind, fuel cells can be conveniently interfaced to a multilevel converter system for high power applications. In this study it is discussed in detail for different levels of the multilevel converters using pulse width
modulation technique (PWM) the harmonics contents decreases gradually. The simulated results are presented and compared thereafter. Total harmonic distortion decreases as the number of levels increased are tabulated accordingly. All the simulation results are carried out under MATLAB/Simulink environment.
COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS AND SIMULATION OF MULTILEVEL POWER CONVERTERS TO CURTA...ecij
Present day industrial applications require higher power apparatus for power conversion. At medium
voltage grid, to connect only one power semiconductor switch directly is a not practically successful
concept. To overcome this multilevel power converter structure has been introduced and studied as an
alternative in high power and medium voltage applications. Renewable energy sources like photovoltaic,
wind, fuel cells can be conveniently interfaced to a multilevel converter system for high power applications.
In this study it is discussed in detail for different levels of the multilevel converters using pulse width
modulation technique (PWM) the harmonics contents decreases gradually. The simulated results are
presented and compared thereafter. Total harmonic distortion decreases as the number of levels increased
are tabulated accordingly. All the simulation results are carried out under MATLAB/Simulink environment.
A REVIEW ON IMPLEMENTATION OF THREE-PHASE TWO-STAGE GRID-CONNECTED MICijiert bestjournal
Module integrated converters (MICs) in single phase have witnessed recent market success due to unique features such as improved energy harvest,improved system efficiency,lower installation costs,plug - and - play operation,and enhanced flexibility and mo dularity. The MIC sector has grown from a niche market to mainstream,especially in the United States. Assuming further expansion of the MIC market,this paper presents the micro inverter concept incorporated in large size photovoltaic (PV) installations such as megawatts (MW) - class solar farms where a three - phase ac connection is employed. A high - efficiency three - phase MIC with two - stage zero voltage switching (ZVS) operation for the grid - tied PV system is proposed which will reduce cost per watt,improve re - liability,and increase scalability of MW - class solar farms through the development of new solar farm system architectures. The first stage consists of a high - efficiency full - bridge LLC resonant dc � dc converter which interfaces to the PV panel and prod uces a dc - link voltage.
A New Configuration of Asymmetric Multilevel Converter to Maximize the Number...IJMTST Journal
The multilevel converters are increasingly becoming popular because of its high power applications. This research paper describes about the new structure that can produce increased number of output voltage waveform using a single source and reduced number of power electronic components. In designing a multilevel converter, the power electronic switches play a very imperative role as it describes the installation area, cost, configuration complexity and may more things that play a significant role while designing. The prime function of multilevel converter is to abolish total harmonic distortion and to incorporate desired ac voltage from several separate dc sources. Each level consists of H-Bridge converter units. High efficiency, high voltage capability, lower switching losses are its prime advantages. A multilevel power converter structure can be introduced as an alternative in medium voltage and high power situations. This structure not only achieves high power ratings but also empower the use of renewable energy sources. It finds its basic application in adjustable speed drives, Static Compensator (STATCOM).
Implementation of Cascaded H-bridge MULTI-LEVEL INVERTEREditor IJMTER
The classical two level inverter produce output with levels either Vdc or -Vdc. The output
voltage waveform of ideal inverter should be sinusoidal but the waveform of conventional inverters
is non-sinusoidal and contains certain harmonics. Large capacitor is normally connected across the
DC voltage source and such a capacitor is costly and demands space. In order to overcome these
drawbacks Multi level inverters are introduced. The great advantage of this kind of inverter is the
minimum harmonic distortion obtained. Power electronics is the applications of power
semiconductor devices for the control and conversion of electric power such that these devices
operate as switches. An inverter is an electrical device that converts DC voltage to AC voltage; the
resulting AC can be at any required frequency. Multi-level inverters are nothing but the modification
of basic bridge inverters [1]. The multilevel inverter collectively converts the several levels of dc
voltage to a desired ac voltage. The unique structure of multilevel inverters allows them to reach
nearer to sinusoidal i.e., with low harmonics. In this project the work is done on five & nine level
multilevel inverter but the multilevel can be done up to any level and how many levels we increase
that much precise sinusoidal supply we can get i.e., we can reduce that many harmonics from the
supply. Simulation work is done using the MATLAB software
Study of THD in Different CHB MLIs Controlled With Unipolar and Bipolar Carri...Editor IJLRES
Multi-level inverters (MLIs) are gaining popularity due to their inherent advantages like better harmonic distortion, ability of producing higher magnitudes of AC voltages. As these converters uses many cascaded connection of many small units the switches used in devices are subjected to less voltage stresses. H-bridge based multilevel inverter can increase the number of output voltage levels by adding switch components and DC input voltage sources. If it employs seven switches and three DC sources, the number of output voltage levels becomes seven. Although its THD characteristics are improved, it needs output filter to meet general output voltage THD requirement, i.e., 5 % below. By adding PWM switching schemes to the operation of the prior H-bridge switches, it can synthesize more sinusoidal waveform. By this simple alteration in the switching scheme, it can improve the output voltage THD requirement. To verify the high performance of the proposed switching scheme, Unipolar, Bipolar, Third harmonic based Pulse width modulation schemes are considered for analysis and computer-aided simulations are conducted using MATLAB.
Harmonic Analysis of Seven and Nine Level Cascade Multilevel Inverter using M...IAES-IJPEDS
The use of multilevel inverters has become popular in recent years for high- power applications. Multilevel Inverters are power converter systems composed by an array of power semiconductor sources that when properly connected and controlled can generate a multistep voltage waveform with variable and controllable frequency, phase and amplitude. This study deals with the comparison of a 7-level inverter with a 9-level inverter system; the voltage source inverters (VSI) are modelled and simulated using MATLAB Simulink and the results are presented. The test results verify the effectiveness of the proposed strategy in terms of computational efficiency as well as the capability of the inverter to produce very low distorted voltage with low-switching losses. This research aims to extend the knowledge about the performance of different clamped multilevel inverter through harmonic analysis. Simulations results validate up to the mark performance of the mentioned topologies.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Runway Orientation Based on the Wind Rose Diagram.pptx
POWER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT USING MULTILEVEL INVETERS
1. POWER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT USING MULTILEVEL INVETERS
DEPT. OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS Page1
ABSTRACT
Multilevel inverter are widely used in field of Industrial application. Harmonics contents in
different electronics application can be reduced. In case of multilevel inverters they are
extremely capable of achieving high power quality output voltage waveform and higher
frequency rating with help of structure of inverter. Here we are comparing the Total Harmonic
Distortion of two levels. By applying this concept, harmonics can be eliminated, and in the
output voltage, the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) can be improved. A procedure to achieve
the appropriate level shifting is presented.
Keywords— cascaded H-bridge, diode clamped, flying capacitor multilevel inverter (FCMLI),
Multilevel inverter (MLI) topology
2. POWER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT USING MULTILEVEL INVETERS
DEPT. OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS Page2
CONTENTS
SL.NO TITLE PAGE NO
01 INTRODUCTION 03
02 BLOCK DIAGRAM FOR GENERAL MULTILEVEL
INVERTER
04
03 MODULATION TECHNIQUES 05
04 ADVANTAGES, APPLICATIONS, EXPECTED OUTPUT 06
05 LITERATURE REVIEW 07
3. POWER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT USING MULTILEVEL INVETERS
DEPT. OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS Page3
INTRODUCTION:
A power inverter, or inverter, is an electronic device or circuitry that changes direct current (DC)
to alternating current (AC).The input voltage, output voltage and frequency, and
overall power handling depend on the design of the specific device or circuitry. The inverter does
not produce any power; the power is provided by the DC source.
MULTILEVEL INVERTER :
• It is advanced power electronic inverter circuit, which is most commonly used for
producing higher output voltage levels for the drive system applications.
• MLI’s were invented mainly to overcome the limitations of voltage ratings of the power
devices so they can generate nearly sinusoidal voltage waveform.
• Block diagram of MLI Topology has given below:
4. POWER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT USING MULTILEVEL INVETERS
DEPT. OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS Page4
BLOCK DIAGRAM FOR GENERALMULTILEVEL INVERTER
5. POWER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT USING MULTILEVEL INVETERS
DEPT. OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS Page5
MODULATION TECHNIQUES
The main aims to be achieved by the modulation techniques are,
Reduced total harmonic distortion (THD) in the output.
Lower switching losses.
Less computation time.
Easy implementation.
High power quality.
Operates at both fundamental and high switching frequency PWM.
6. POWER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT USING MULTILEVEL INVETERS
DEPT. OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS Page6
ADVANTAGES:
• MLI’S results in highly efficient power conversion.
• Added advantages are high efficiency, low electromagnetic interference and also scaled
and modular system.
• MLI’s offers enhanced output waveform with minimum THD.
• Better waveform quality of output voltage (more sinusoidal).
• Reduced dV/dt, leading to reduction in EMI.
• Lower voltage rating devices can be used
• lower voltage stress on power switches
APPLICATIONS:
• MLI is used as an adjustable speed drive.
• Used in Electric vehicles, UPS, Harmonic current. compensation, AC motor drives, so
on.
• The MLI is used in the area of Distributed Power Generation.
• Multilevel inverter are used in hybrid electric vehicles.
EXPECTED OUTPUT
We are expecting a sinusoidal waveform with reduced Total Harmonic Distortion level
between 15 – 25%, according to IEEE standards.
