The document discusses programmed instruction, which breaks educational content into small interactive parts called frames. Students move sequentially through the frames, receiving confirmation of correct answers and redirection to remedial frames if wrong. There are two main types: linear programming which requires a set path, and branched programming which allows student choice. While programmed instruction individualizes learning and provides motivation through success, it also eliminates teacher contact and can be time consuming.

1. Submitted by,
Jeethu P. Tom
English
Roll No. 8
Submitted to,
Ms. Jeffey Mary Joseph

4.  It is the most popular innovations in teaching
learning process.
 Instructional material is organised in small
parts called frames.
 Frames are arranged in a sequence.
 Pupil moves to second frame after answering
the first question correctly.

5. Programmed Instruction is an
individualised method in which learning
content is broken up into small units and
presented in a series of interactive frames.

6. Edgar Dale - “ Programmed Instruction is
a systematic step by step self instructional
program aimed to ensure the learning of
stated behaviour.”
Skinner – “ Programmed Learning is the
first application of the laboratory techniques
utilized in the study of learning process the
practical problems of education.”

7.  Content is broken up into small and easy
steps called frames.
 Frames are arranged sequentially.
 Frequent response is elicited from the
student.
 Student is provided with immediate
conformation of right answer.
 Learner progress at his own speed.

8.  Principle of small steps – the subject matter is
divided into small units called frames.
 Principle of active responding – the learner remains
active throughout the learning process.
 Principle of immediate conformation – student is
provided with immediate conformation of right
answer.
 Principle of self pacing – student progresses at his
own pace.
 Principle of testing – teacher assess the progress of
his students and find out the weakness of the
program.

9. PROGRAMMED
LEARNING
Branched
Programming
Linear Programming

10.  B. F. Skinner and his associates are considered as
proponents, so also known as Skinnerian type of
Programming.
 The learner has no choice to follow his path, so
also called Extrinsic Programming.
Frame 1
Introduction
Stimulus
(Question)
Response
Frame 2
Correct
answer to the
question in
frame 1.
Information
Stimulus
Response
Frame 3
Correct
answer to the
question in
frame 2.
Information
Stimulus
Response

11.  Developed by A. Crowder, hence known as Crowdarian type
of Programming.
 Learner has a choice to select the path, so known as
Intrinsic Programming.
Frame 1 Frame 2 Frame 3
Remedial
Frame
Remedial
Frame
Remedial
Frame
Remedial
Frame
Remedial
Frame
Remedial
Frame
Remedial
Frame
Remedial
Frame
Remedial
Frame

12.  Backward Branching : In this type the learner
goes from the first frame to the mainstream
to the second, only if he makes the answer
correct.
 If he makes an error he is led to the remedial
frame.
 Forward Branching : In this type whether the
learner is making correct response or wrong
response he will always be going to a new
frame.
 If the response is wrong he is directed to the
remedial frame.

13.  Pupil remain active through out the program.
 This program can be used at any time.
 Immediate program help the pupil in knowing
whether his response is right or wrong.
 The problem of an individual learner can be
diagnosed.
 Pupil gets motivation from his continued
success.

14.  Time consuming.
 The contact between teacher and learner
gets totally eliminated .
 Lack of motivation
 No freedom of choice.