This document discusses programmed instruction, which is an individualized, step-by-step self-instructional method for teaching content broken into small units. It defines programmed instruction, outlines its key characteristics like breaking content into small frames and eliciting frequent student response. The principles of small steps, active learning, immediate confirmation, self-pacing, and student evaluation are explained. The two main types - linear and branched programming - are described along with their characteristics and techniques. Finally, the advantages of active learning and self-pacing and limitations like time consumption are summarized.

1. PORUKARA COLLEGE OF EDUCATION
CHAMPAKULAM
Submitted by, Submitted to,
Remya.N Ms.Jeffey Mary Joseph
B.Ed ,Commerce Lecturer in Mathematics

2. WELCOME

3. PROGRAMMED INSTRUCTION

4. INTRODUCTION
• Individualized instruction method
• It is a systematic step by step self instructional
method
• Learning content is broken up into small units
and presented in a series of interactive frame

5. DEFINITIONS
• “Programmed instruction is a step by step self
instructional programme aimed to ensure the
learning of stated behaviour”
–Edgar Dale
• “A programmed instruction is a method of self
instruction that enlists machines or specially
prepared books to teach information”
-Chris Jordan

6. CHRACTERISTICS
• Content is broken up into small steps called
frames
• Frames are arranged sequentially
• Frequent response is elicited from the student
• Immediate confirmation
• Learner is active and motivated to learn and
respond
• Self pacing to the learner
• Continous evaluation

7. PRINCIPLES
• Principle of small steps
Subject matter is analyzed and divided into small
units.
• Principle of active learning
The learner may remain active if he respond
actively to every frame presented to him.
• Principle of immediate confirmation
There is immediate confirmation of right answer
and correction of wrong given out by the student.
• Principle of self pacing
The student progress at his own pace.
• Principle of student evaluation
The teacher or programmer can periodically access
the progress.

8. TYPES OF PROGRAMMED LEARNING
• Linear Programming
• Branched Programming

9. LINEAR PROGRAMMING
• B.F.Skinner and his associates develop this
model.
• Linear programming is also called straight line
programme.
• The student proceeds from one frame to the
next until he completes the programme.
• Every learner follow the same path.
FRAME 1 FRAME 2 FRAME 3

10. CHRACTERISTICS OF LINEAR
PROGRAMMING
• It is also known as straight line programme
• Logical sequence of small steps
• A small bit of information is presented in each
frame
• Each learner has to follow same path
• The sequence of steps remain unchange
• Learner respond actively
• Move at his own pace
• Immediate confirmation

11. BRANCHED PROGRAMMING
• It was developed by Norman A. Crowder
• It is also known as intrinsic programming
• Each frame is relatively bigger in size and contain
two or three ideas of related sequence
• Learner move forward if correct and if wrong he
is taken to a Remedial Frame(RF)
RF RF
Main frame 1 Main frame 2 Main frame 3
RF RF
RF
RF RF RF RF

12. CHRACTERISTICS OF BRANCHED PROGRAMMIG
• A frame contain 2 or 3 related ideas
• Each frame is of bigger size
• Learner moves forward if correct and divert if
wrong
• Multiple choice
• All learners do nit follow the same path
• It helpful the hetrogenius group

13. TECHNIQUES OF BRANCHED
PROGRAMMING
• Backward Branching
The learner goes from the first frame of the
main stream to the second only if he makes
correct response.
• Forward Branching
The learner gives a correct or wrong response,
he goes to the next frame.

14. ADVANTAGES OF PROGRAMMED
INSTRUCTION
• Pupil remain active throughout the
programme
• Immediate reinforcement
• This programme can be used at any time
• Each pupils moves forward with his own pace
• Pupil gets motivation

15. LIMITATIONS OF PROGRAMMED
LEARNING
• Time consuming
• Contact between teacher and learner gets
totally eliminated
• Lack of motivation
• No freedom of choice

16. THANK YOU