Power plant history you can see all history of plant that you can describe the power plant history in your college and school you can get history that you can refer to your freind and teacher also history is main thing that it is necessary to take knowledge of the power plant And get all your data from this slide

1. ANJUMAN I ISLAM KALSEKAR TECHNICAL
CAMPUS NEWPANVEL
SUBJECT : PCE 2
STD : 3RD YEAR ELECTRICAL
ENGINEERING
 STUDENT NAME :
 KHAN AZAD (20EE06)
 MULLAABDUL WAHID (20EE08)
 SAJID DIMTIMKAR 21DEE07)
 RAZA KHAN (20EE07)

2.  Infusion of Analytical Ideas into
Power Plant Development
 Sir James Watt is an ingenious engineering scientist, who carried
out most useful hardware research and development.
 He was not aware of many of the thermodynamic quantities.
 Later engineers used Charles and Boyle laws in sizing of cylinder.
 Prof. James Black carriedout research to determine specific heats
of steam and water.
 There was a gradual infusion of analytical and theoretical research
into basic hardware development.
 Analytical methods helped in removal of uncertainty in engine
operation.
 Many theoreticians got motivated to work on theory of James Watt
Engine.

3.  Sadi Nicolas Léonard Carnot
 1814: After graduating, Carnot went to
the École du Génie at Metz to take
the two year course in military
engineering.
 1819: Carnot began to attend courses
at various institutions in Paris.
• The problem occupying Carnot was how
to design good steam engines.
• Steam power already had many uses -
draining water from mines, excavating
ports and rivers, forging iron, grinding
grain, and spinning and weaving cloth -
but it was inefficient.

4.  Carnot’s Thinking
 It irked Carnot particularly that the British had progressed so far
through the genius of a few engineers who lacked formal scientific
education.
 British engineers had also accumulated and published reliable data
about the efficiency of many types of engines under actual running
conditions.
 They vigorously argued the merits of low- and high-pressure engines
and of single-cylinder and multi-cylinder engines.
 1822 – 1823 : Carnot attempted to find a mathematical expression
for the work produced by one kilogram of steam.
 This work led to the mathematical theory of heat and helped start the
modern theory of thermodynamics.

5.  Carnot’s Analysis of Watts Engine

6.  Impact of Heat & Work Transfers
on Steam
 How to quantify the changes in steam due to work and
heat transfer?
 Human experts depended on their senses to define these
changes.
 Out of Five senses, Three senses could not
quantify/recognize these changes.
 Only two senses could quantify these changes:
 Vision : Volume (m3)
 Touch : Pressure (kPa) and Temperature (C or K)
 None of the above are equivalent to heat or work.
 There must be a relation between these properties and
heat & work.

7. Carnot Model for Gas Engine
• Maximum Power : 17BHP@8500 RPM
• Maximum Torque :15Nm@7500 rpm

8.  Cost to Benefit Ratio of Carnot Model
 Work/power developed by the engine is the benefit.
 Fuel mining, transportation, processing incur cost.
 It is essential to develop a cost to benefit ratio.
 The thermodynamic version of this ratio is named as efficiency.
Input
Heat
,
Work
Net
Efficiency 

Input
Heat
of
Rate
ower
,
P
Net
Efficiency 

max
min
1
T
T




9.  Development of Science of Steam
p
V

10. A Manual of the Steam Engine and Other Prime Movers
(1859)
William John Macquorn Rankine
 This law (regarding the
theoretical efficiency of heat
engines by Mr. Joule),
 and the law of the maximum
efficiency of heat engines,
 are particular cases of a general
law which regulates all
transformation of energy, and
 is the basis of the Science of
Energetics.

11.  A MANUAL of the STEAM ENGINE and
other PRIME MOVERS 1859 Rankine
 The conventional name “work of the
thermodynamics ” by Rankine.
 Rankine is the largest meritorious person
who in addition raises the technology of
the steam engine to science, the word,
"energy " is something due to him.
 Harmony meaning of this work becomes
" the manual of the steam engine and the
other motive for action machines “.
• The chapter " of thermodynamics " advocated the cyclic process
which is called Rankine cycle.
• This was related to the policy of researching the steam engine
theoretically, brought the progress of the steam engine.

12.  Rankine, William John Macquorn
(1820-1872)
 In 1849 he delivered two papers on the subject of heat, and
in 1849 he showed the further modifications required to
French physicist Sadi Carnot's theory of thermodynamics.
 In A Manual of the Steam Engine and other Prime Movers
1859, Rankine described a thermodynamic cycle of events
(the Rankine cycle).
 This came to be used as a standard for the performance of
steam-power installations where a considerable vapour
provides the working fluid.
 Rankine here explained how a liquid in the boiler vaporized
by the addition of heat converts part of this energy into
mechanical energy when the vapour expands in an engine.
 As the exhaust vapour is condensed by a cooling medium
such as water, heat is lost from the cycle.
 The condensed liquid is pumped back into the boiler.

13. How about a modified cycle - A Rankine cycle
 To avoid transporting and
compressing two-phase fluid,
try to condense all fluid exiting
from the turbine into saturated
liquid before compressed it by
a pump.
s
• when the saturated vapor enters
the turbine, its temperature and
pressure decrease and liquid
droplets will form by
condensation.
• These droplets can produce significant damages to the
turbine blades due to corrosion and impact.
• One possible solution: superheating the vapor.
• It can also increase the thermal efficiency of the cycle.

14.  Layout of Equipment :The Simple
Rankine Cycle