This ppt provides a brief overview on thyristors commonly known as SCRs. V- I characteristics curve, triggering methods, protection methods, series and parallel operations of SCRs, applications are discussed in this slide.
A silicon-controlled rectifier or semiconductor-controlled rectifier is a four-layer solid-state current-controlling device. Some sources define silicon-controlled rectifiers and thyristors as synonymous,[5] other sources define silicon-controlled rectifiers as a proper subset of the set of thyristors. SCRs are mainly used in devices where the control of high power, possibly coupled with high voltage, is demanded. Their operation makes them suitable for use in medium- to high-voltage AC power control applications, such as lamp dimming, power regulators and motor control.
This ppt provides a brief overview on thyristors commonly known as SCRs. V- I characteristics curve, triggering methods, protection methods, series and parallel operations of SCRs, applications are discussed in this slide.
A silicon-controlled rectifier or semiconductor-controlled rectifier is a four-layer solid-state current-controlling device. Some sources define silicon-controlled rectifiers and thyristors as synonymous,[5] other sources define silicon-controlled rectifiers as a proper subset of the set of thyristors. SCRs are mainly used in devices where the control of high power, possibly coupled with high voltage, is demanded. Their operation makes them suitable for use in medium- to high-voltage AC power control applications, such as lamp dimming, power regulators and motor control.
Its looks like a letter Z due to symmetrical switching characteristics for each polarity of the applied voltage. ... This means that, unlike the triac and the SCR, the disc cannot be estimated to maintain a low voltage drop until its current falls below the level of holding current. A triac is a 4-layer semiconductor device with two power terminals (MT1 and MT2) and a gate terminal. It is used as a power control device for 50/60Hz AC mains applications. It is placed in series with the load connected across the mains. ... A disc is a similar 4-layer device but does not have a gate terminal.
http://bit.ly/2PIOIQM
Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR) is a unidirectional semiconductor device made of silicon.SCR is a three-terminal, four-layer semiconductor device consisting of alternate layers of p-type and n-type material.
A silicon controlled rectifier or semiconductor controlled rectifier is a four-layer solid-state current-controlling device. The principle of four-layer p–n–p–n switching was developed by Moll, Tanenbaum, Goldey and Holonyak of Bell Laboratories in 1956.
For more notes on basics of electronics will see on https://www.slideshare.net/ATHEENAMILAGIPANDIAN/edit_my_uploads
Original Uni-junction transistor or UJT is a simple device in which a bar of N-type semiconductor material into which P-type material is diffused; somewhere along its length defining the device parameter as intrinsic standoff. The 2N2646 is the most commonly used version of UJT.
The complete list of thyristor family members include diac (bidirectional diode thyristor), triac (bidirectional triode thyristor), SCR (silicon controlled rectifier), Shockley diode, SCS (silicon controlled switch), SBS (silicon bilateral switch), SUS (silicon unilateral switch) also known as complementary SCR or CSCR, LASCR (light activated SCR), LAS (light activated switch) and LASCS (light activated SCS).
single phase half bridge inverter, full bridge inverter, parallel inverter, load commutated inverter with working and waveforms.
download and watch the animations. it will be effective.
single phase bridge inverter harmonic analysis.
Its looks like a letter Z due to symmetrical switching characteristics for each polarity of the applied voltage. ... This means that, unlike the triac and the SCR, the disc cannot be estimated to maintain a low voltage drop until its current falls below the level of holding current. A triac is a 4-layer semiconductor device with two power terminals (MT1 and MT2) and a gate terminal. It is used as a power control device for 50/60Hz AC mains applications. It is placed in series with the load connected across the mains. ... A disc is a similar 4-layer device but does not have a gate terminal.
http://bit.ly/2PIOIQM
Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR) is a unidirectional semiconductor device made of silicon.SCR is a three-terminal, four-layer semiconductor device consisting of alternate layers of p-type and n-type material.
A silicon controlled rectifier or semiconductor controlled rectifier is a four-layer solid-state current-controlling device. The principle of four-layer p–n–p–n switching was developed by Moll, Tanenbaum, Goldey and Holonyak of Bell Laboratories in 1956.
For more notes on basics of electronics will see on https://www.slideshare.net/ATHEENAMILAGIPANDIAN/edit_my_uploads
Original Uni-junction transistor or UJT is a simple device in which a bar of N-type semiconductor material into which P-type material is diffused; somewhere along its length defining the device parameter as intrinsic standoff. The 2N2646 is the most commonly used version of UJT.
The complete list of thyristor family members include diac (bidirectional diode thyristor), triac (bidirectional triode thyristor), SCR (silicon controlled rectifier), Shockley diode, SCS (silicon controlled switch), SBS (silicon bilateral switch), SUS (silicon unilateral switch) also known as complementary SCR or CSCR, LASCR (light activated SCR), LAS (light activated switch) and LASCS (light activated SCS).
single phase half bridge inverter, full bridge inverter, parallel inverter, load commutated inverter with working and waveforms.
download and watch the animations. it will be effective.
single phase bridge inverter harmonic analysis.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
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Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
3. What is a TRIAC?
The major drawback of an SCR is that it can conduct current in one direction only. Therefore, an SCR can
only control d.c. power or forward biased half-cycles of a.c. in a load. However, in an a.c. system, it is
often desirable and necessary to exercise control over both positive and negative half-cycles. For this
purpose, a semiconductor device called TRIAC is used.
TRIAC, from triode for alternating current, is a generic trademark for a three terminal electronic component
that conducts current in either direction when triggered. Its formal name is bidirectional triode thyristor or
bilateral triode thyristor . A thyristor is analogous to a relay in that a small voltage and current can control a
much larger voltage and current. The illustration on the right shows the circuit symbol for a TRIAC where A1 is
Anode 1, A2 is Anode 2, and G is Gate. Anode 1 and Anode 2 are normally termed Main Terminal 1 (MT1) and
Main Terminal 2 (MT2) respectively.
TRIACs' bidirectionality makes them convenient switches for alternating-current (AC). In addition, applying a
trigger at a controlled phase angle of the AC in the main circuit allows control of the average current flowing into
a load (phase control). This is commonly used for controlling the speed of induction motors, dimming
lamps, and controlling electric heaters.
4. Difference between SCR & Thyristor:-
SCR
1.SCR is a unidirectional device.
2.the gate current can be only positive.
3.SCR can operate in only one quadrant of V-I
characteristics.
TRIAC
1.It is a bi-directional device.
2.The gate current can be positive or negative.
3.can operate in two quadrants of V-I
characteristics.
5.
6. Triac Construction:-
A triac is a three-terminal, five layer semiconductor device whose forward and reverse
characteristics are identical to the forward characteristics of the SCR.
The three terminals are designated as main terminal MT1, main terminal MT2 and gate G.
Fig.2 (i) shows the basic structure of a TRIAC .
A triac is equivalent to two separate SCRs connected in inverse parallel i.e. anode of
each connected to the cathode of the other, with gates commoned as shown in fig.2 (ii).
Therefore, a triac acts like a bidirectional switch i.e. it can conduct current in either
direction. Fig.2 (iii) shows the schematic symbol of a triac. The symbol consists of two
parallel diodes connected in opposite directions with a single gate lead. The gate
provides control over conduction in either direction.
7. SCR Equivalent Circuit of Triac:-
A TRIAC is equivalent to two separate SCRs connected in inverse
parallel i.e. anode of each connected to the cathode of the other
with gates common.
Fig. shows the basic equivalent structure of a TRIAC.
9. Operation of Triac:-
The TRIAC can be turned on by applying the gate voltage higher than break
over voltage. However, without making the voltage high, it can be turned on by
applying the gate pulse of 35 micro seconds to turn it on. When the voltage
applied is less than the break over voltage, we use gate triggering method to
turn it on. There are four different modes of operations, they are-
When MT2 and Gate being Positive with Respect to MT1 When
this happens, current flows through the path P1-N1-P2-N2. Here, P1-N1 and P2-N2
are forward biased but N1-P2 is reverse biased. The TRIAC is said to be operated
in positively biased region. Positive gate with respect to MT1 forward biases P2-
N2 and breakdown occurs.
10. When MT2 is Positive but Gate is Negative with
Respect to MT1 The current flows through the path P1-N1-P2-
N2. But P2-N3 is forward biased and current carriers injected into
P2 on the triac.
11. When MT2 and Gate are Negative with Respect to
MT1 Current flows through the path P2-N1-P1-N4. Two junctions P2-N1 and P1-
N4 are forward biased but the junction N1-P1 is reverse biased. The triac is said
to be in the negatively biased region.
12. When MT2 is Negative but Gate is Positive with
Respect to MT1 P2-N2 is forward biased at that condition. Current
carriers are injected so the triac turns on. This mode of operation has a
disadvantage that it should not be used for high (di/dt) circuits. Sensitivity of
triggering in mode 2 and 3 is high and if marginal triggering capability is
required, negative gate pulses should be used. Triggering in mode 1 is more
sensitive than mode 2 and mode 3.
13. Advantages of Triac:-
It can be triggered with positive or negative polarity of gate pulses.
It requires only a single heat sink of slightly larger size, whereas for SCR, two heat sinks
should be required of smaller size.
It requires single fuse for protection.
A safe breakdown in either direction is possible but for SCR protection should be given
with parallel diode.
Disadvantages of Triac:-
They are not much reliable compared to SCR.
It has (dv/dt) rating lower than SCR.
Lower ratings are available compared to SCR.
We need to be careful about the triggering circuit as it can be triggered in either
direction.
Uses of Triac:-
They are used in control circuits.
It is used in High power lamp switching.
It is used in AC power control.