This document provides an overview of an industrial training seminar on a 33kV substation in Kamalwaganjha, Haldwani, Uttarakhand, India. The seminar covers the need for industrial training, an abstract of the substation, a single line diagram of the substation, details of main equipment including transformers, feeders, and testing procedures like tan delta testing. The goal is to enhance students' practical skills and introduce them to industrial practices through observing the key components and operations at a power substation.

1. INDUSTRIAL TRAINING SEMINAR
33KV Substation
(Kamalwaganjha, Haldwani)
Uttarakhand
Submitted to:
Department of Electrical Engineering,
for the partial fulfillment
of
Degree
Bachelors of Technology Presented by: Unknown
15
06/09/2020

2. CONTENTS OF PRESENTATION
 Need of Industrial Seminar
 Abstract of Training
 Substation
 Single Line Diagram
 Bus Bar
 Main equipment at Sub-station
 Feeder details
 References

3. NEED OF INDUSTRIAL SEMINAR
 The main objective of industrial training we can enhance our practical
skill during studies.
 To introduce students to work culture and industrial practice.
 To give opportunity to students to work with industrial professionals.
 Acquire skills in communication ,management and team-work.

4.  A sub-station is part of an electrical generation, transmission and
distribution system.
 Sub-station is a component of power system which includes various
equipments and responsible for stepping up voltage level for
transmission or stepping down voltage level for distribution.
 A Transformer is a heart of sub-station which is responsible for
changing the voltage level without changing the frequency.
WHAT IS A SUB-STATION?

5. SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM

6. BUS BAR
 When a number of lines
operating at the same voltage
have to be directly connected
electrically.
 The impedance of buses is
very low practically zero so
electrically the whole bus is
at the same potential.
 Made of aluminium or
copper bars or pipes and can
be several meters long.

7. EQUIPMENT AT THE
SUBSTATION
 Power Transformer
 Measuring Instruments
a) Current Transformer
b) Potential Transformer
 Protecting Devices
a) Isolator
b) Circuit Breaker
c) Relay
d) Lighting Arrestor
 Feeder
 Bus coupler
 Capacitor Bank

8. POWER TRANSFORMER
 Power transformer are
generally used in
transmission network for
stepping up or down the
voltage level.
 Power transformer is
designed for maximum
efficiency at near to full load.
10 MVA Transformer of 33/11 Kv
substation

9. PARTS OF TRANSFORMER
 Main tank
 Conservator tank
 Breather
 Buchholz Relay
 Tap changer
 Radiator
 Silica gel
 Transformer oil (mineral
insulated oil)
 Bushing

10. Conservator Tank:
It is connected above the
main tank of transformer.
Main Tank:
 It is main part of
transformer.
 Transformer core are
place inside this tank.
 Windings and insulating
oil (mineral oil) are
placed inside this tank.

11. Buchholz Relay
Buchholz relay is a type of oil
and gas actuated protection relay.
It is connected between
conservator tank and main tank.
Tap Changer
 Tap changer is a mechanism
in Transformer which allows
for variable turn ratio.

12. CURRENT TRANSFORMER
 It is a step up transformer.
 current transformer is an
instrument transformer used
for protection & metering of
high value of currents.
 The secondary winding
consists of more turns of
thinner wire and connected
across the ammeter terminals.

13. POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER
 It Is a step down
transformer.
 This type of transformer is
used for measuring the
voltage of high tension and
extra high tension lines.
 It has a primary winding of
large number of turns of fine
wire connected to the line
whose voltage is to be
measured.
 The secondary winding
consists of few number of
turns of thick wire and is
connected across the low
range voltmeter.

14. ISOLATOR
 An isolator is a device
which is used to break the
circuit.
 Under no load condition.
 For maintenance purpose
with safety.

15. CIRCUIT BREAKER
The basic function of
circuit breaker is
protection which is
interruption of short-
circuit and overload fault
currents.
High-voltage breakers are
nearly always solenoid –
operated with current
sensing protective relays
operated through current
transformers.

16. RELAY
Relay is a sensing device
which sense the abnormality
of the system and command
to the circuit breaker to
operate and isolate the
faulty element from healthy
system.
Types of relay:
 Over current relay
 Instantaneous over current
relay
 Earth fault relay

17. LIGHTING ARRESTER
A lighting arrester is device
used on electrical power systems
to protect the insulation and
conductors of the system from the
damaging effect of lighting.
A lighting arrester is always
connected near to the transformer.
A lighting arrester is always
connected b/w line and earth.
Small version of lighting
arresters, also called surge
protector to protect the electrical
equipment from over voltage
transient cause.

18. INSULATOR
 Insulator are provide necessary
insulation between line and
support.
 High mechanical strength
 High insulation
TYPES OF INSULATOR:
 Pin Type
 Suspension Type
 Strain Type
 Shackle Type
 Stay Type

19. 1) Pin Type insulator: 2) Suspension Type insulator:
Pin type insulator are used for
transmission and distribution of
electric power up to 33kv.
For high voltage like as 33kv
transmission line suspension
type insulators used.

20. 3) Strain Type insulator: 4) Shackle Type insulator:
Dead sharp end of the line or
the corner or the sharp curve.
The line subjected to greater
tension.
It can be used either in a
horizontal position or vertical
position .
They can directly fixed to the
pole.

21. FEEDER
 Feeder are the power lines
through which electricity is
transmitted in power
systems.
 Feeder transmits power
from Generating station or
sub-station to distribution
point.
 Feeder are designed on the
basis of current carrying
capacity of conductor .
 Generally no tapping are
taken means constant
voltage.

22. BUS COUPLER
 Bus coupler is a device
which is used to couple
one bus to the other bus
without any interruption in
power supply and without
creating hazardous arcs.
 Bus coupler is a breaker
used to couple two bus
bars in order to perform
maintenance on other
circuit breakers associated
with that busbar.

23. CAPACITOR BANK
 Capacitor bank is used
to improve the power
factor.
 Capacitor have leading
power factor which
when connected in
parallel with the load
improves the power
factor.

24. TAN DELTA TEST FOR POWER
TRANSFORMER

25. What is Tan Delta?
 Tan delta performed to
investigate the condition of
insulation of power
transformers and bushings.
 Tan delta is the ratio of
Resistive component of
current to Capacitive
component of current flowing
through a insulator.
 Tan delta also called Loss
Angle test or Dissipation
factor, is the most common
technique used to asses the
insulation of the transformer,
motor, circuit breaker.

26. TAN DELTA MEASUREMENT
 A pure insulator when is
connected across line and earth,
it behaves as a capacitor. There is
no resistive component of the
current, as there is zero percent
impurity.
 In the vector diagram, resistive
component of leakage current, IR
will also be along x-axis.
 Capacitive component of leakage
current, Ic leads system voltage
by 90’
 Apply the very low frequency.

27.  Total leakage current
(IR + Ic) makes angle
Delta.
when decrease the
frequency capacitive
reactance is increases
So capacitance is also
increases.

28. PROCEDURE
All bushings cleaned properly.
Transformer earthed properly.
Temperature of winding & insulation liquid near
to the reference temp.(27 degree).
Tan delta is then tested between below
combinations,
a) HV to Earth
b) LV to Earth
c) HV to LV

29. 1) LV to Earth
2) HV to Earth

30. LV to HV Testing

31. REFERENCES
 “Feeder, Transformers ” https://www.quora.com
 “About Substation” https://www.upcl.org
 “Components of Substation”
https://en.m.wikipedia.org

32. Thank You!!!!