The document discusses power augmentation challenges in Kerala and potential solutions. It notes that Kerala has high energy consumption and dependency. Key challenges include environmental hazards from generation, transmission line issues, and aging distribution networks. Potential solutions proposed are promoting public awareness, energy audits, and alternative energy sources like space-based solar power, electricity from biogas, and Bloom Box fuel cells. Space-based solar power involves collecting solar energy via satellites while Bloom Box and biogas electricity can provide decentralized off-grid power.

2. POWER AUGMENTATION IN
KERALA - ISSUES,CHALLENGES &
SOLUTIONS

3. Why power augmentation?
• Energy is necessary for economic
development
• GDP is parallel to energy consumption
• Kerala’s energy intensity is higher than
other states
• We are highly energy dependent
• By focusing on energy efficiency and lower
energy intensive methods , we can be
independent

4. STRUCTURE OF POWER
SUPPLY AND NETWORK

6. GENERATION
Environmental Hazards
Dangerous wastes
Ozone layer depletion
Global warming

7. POLLUTION BY GENERATION

8. TRANSMISSION
Heat losses
Dangerous for birds
Issues due to natural factors like wind and trees
Magnetic effect around the lines

9. DISTRIBUTION
Electricity theft
Scattered population
Due to roadside trees
Ageing of transformers

10. CHALLENGES

11. FUTURE ENERGY SCENARIO

12. GENERATION
Fossil fuel depletion

14. TRANSMISSION
Land owner protests
Tirunelveli - East kochi 400KV DC
Mysore – Areacode 400KV DC
Frequent interruption
Real estate boom
Large scale urbanization
Load shedding

15. DISTRIBUTION
Costs and revenue
Aging and insufficient networks
Low voltage availability

16. SOLUTION
• Public Awareness
• Energy management and Audit
• Alternative energy sources

17. ALTERNATIVE ENERGY
SOURCES
Space Based Solar Power(SBSP)
Electricity from BIOGAS
BLOOMBOX

19. INTRODUCTION
Uses solar panels in the Geosynchronous
Satellites
Solar power Microwaves
Received on earth and converted back to AC

20. WHY NOT ON EARTH..?
Consumes huge swaths of land
Intermittent power
Public unawareness and Huge cost of land

21. SBSP specifications
Capable of producing 1 GW Power
Weighing more than 10000 MT
Covers several Km’s

22. WORKING

24. Single antenna to cover 5 meters of
space
Uses retro directive systems
Transmits beam to the source without
considering the location

25. ADVANTAGES
24×7 power production
Long life
Less maintenance cost
Easily affordable

26. DISADVANTAGES
High cost of production
Set-up is too difficult
Chance for wave distortion
Electro magnetic radiations

27. APPLICATIONS
Power production
Power transfer is possible
Economy build-up
Efficient use of renewable energy

28. BLOOM BOX

29. What is a bloom box ?
Bloom box is a type of solid oxide fuel
battery.
It is made up of 25 cells ,arranged one above
the other.
Each cell is similar to ordinary cell,
consisting of anode, cathode and a barrier.
Cell only have a size of a playing card.

30. Bloom cell
Green=anode(nickel oxide)
Black =cathode(lanthanum,
strontium& manganite)

31. How bloom cell works?

32. Chemical reaction in a cell
• CH4+2O2 CO2+2H2O+electricity
• Methane + oxygen electricity
• Methane is used as fuel , which can be
obtained from a biogas plant of households
• Oxygen is taken directly from the atmosphere
• Electrodes of this cell is more efficient than
ordinary cell

33. Working of bloom server

34. What’s in a bloom server?

35. Idea is inspired from NASA’s
mars mission
NASA’s mission was to produce oxygen
in mars from electricity using solar cell
Electricity is used to electrolysis carbon
dioxide to produce fuel and oxygen
Bloom uses reverse process of this

36. Technology used
• Ability of the electrode to use multiple fuels
without any switch
• Ability of ceramic plates to withstand high
temperature
• Efficient method to use heat for electricity
generation

37. SPECIFICATIONS
• 1 cell=25W
• 1 box=25 cells(625W)
• 1 server=320 boxes(200KW)
• Cost of a server=4.8 cr rupees
• Cost for 1W=48 rupees

38. ADVANTAGES
• Doesn’t require grid
• Higher efficiency
• Very less pollution
• Pt is replaced by ceramic plate
• No heat emission
• Requires less space
• Eco friendly

39. DISADVANTAGES
• CO2 emission in small amount
• Cost is slightly higher
• Complex production
• Less life time
• Environmental problems

40. Electricity from BIO-GAS

41. OPERATION PROCESS

42. Appropriate engines for
generation
• Stirling motors
• Diesel engines
• Gas turbine
• Gas engine

43. APPLICATIONS
• Municipalities
• House holdings
• Markets

44. ADVANTAGES
• Eco friendly
• No pollution
• Economic
• Effective management of waste
• Multiple applications
• Long life
• High efficiency
• Byproduct can be used as fertilizer

45. DISADVANTAGES
• High methane content is required
• Water vapour content should be low
• Carbon dioxide in gas should be minimum
• Use of filters are expensive

46. Substantial energy
development
• State should focus on energy efficiency and
lower energy intensive routes
• Energy cost should include compensation
for environmental damage caused by energy
supply
• Financial support for research in increasing
energy efficiency should be given
• Minimum efficiency standard for all
equipments must be fixed

47. • Government should promote demand side
management
• Efficient public transport system can reduce
individual passenger car vehicle(Like , odd-even,
in Delhi)
• Use of natural gas instead of coal can reduce
carbon emission
• Development of safer nuclear reactors should be
given priority
• Greater investment in R&D in alternate energy
can make price of alternate energy less

49. Presented By….
Asif Muhammed Johns Vincent
ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT
Viswajyothi College Of
Engineering And Technology
Vazhakulam