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Poverty and inequality in a changing context
This document outlines poverty, inequality, and the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). It defines poverty in monetary, capability, and participatory terms. It discusses measuring poverty through monetary indicators like consumption, capability indicators like health and education, and inequality indicators like income distribution. It notes most of the world's poor now live in middle-income countries rather than low-income countries. The document then outlines the MDGs on eradicating poverty, improving health, education, gender equality, and the environment. It discusses options for a post-2015 framework, including both macroeconomic approaches like foreign aid and microeconomic approaches like employment creation and public services. It proposes evaluating the MDGs from different perspectives and discourses.
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Poverty and inequality in a changing context
- 1. Poverty and Inequalityin a Changing Context
- 2. Outline 1. What is poverty?What is inequality? A definition and link 2. Assessments of Poverty 2.1 Recent changes in global geography of poor 3. MDG’s post 2015 Macro and micro economic measures 4. Activity and Discussion
- 3. What is Poverty? Itis possible to define and measure poverty in a variety of ways Monetary – Utility, basic needs Capabilities –Wellbeing, functionings (Sen 1999) Inequalities – Relative, social exclusion Participatory – self defined, NGO, CBO
- 4. Defining and AssessingPoverty We must initiate and design policies to impact poverty This can only be done if we can measure poverty Measurements can only be done if poverty is clearly defined
- 5. Ways of MeasuringPoverty Monetary poverty: Consumption, Poverty line measures: definition of the poverty line, headcount index, poverty severity Capability: Basic needs, mortality, literacy, water, child malnutrition Inequality: Income inequality, size distribution, Lorenz curve, Gini coefficient Participatory: Not yet adapted
- 6. New Geography ofthe Global Poor - Most of the world‘s poor now live in middle- income countries (MIC), e.g. India - Shift from LIC (low income) to MIC Need for a new model of development assistance No justification to exlude MIC‘s from aid programmes future of MDG after 2015? Tax evasion is also becoming a big issue
- 7. What are theMDG’s? Engaging targets with comprehensible objectives Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger Improve maternal health Achieve universal primary education Combat HIV/AIDS and other diseases Promote gender equality and empower women Ensure environmental sustainability Reduce child mortality Global partnership for development
- 8. MDG’s post 2015 Anew framework? MACRO ECONOMIC - Foreign aid eases pressure to mobilize resources within country - Correctives to make existing rules less unfair (aid, repayment) - Need for positive discrimination/ affirmative action - More equal partnership between developed and developing countries - Focus on means rather than ends Means rather than ends MICRO ECONOMIC - Framework for states to reshape policies in national context - Employment creation Public provision of services i.e. education, healthcare - Accountability of government people are actors not beneficiaries - Participatory development
- 9. MDG’s from differentperspectives 1. Read the article and identify the organisation/perspective it is written from 2. Critically evaluate according to these points: • • • a) Criticisms/failures b) Positive points/successes c) Possible solutions/new ideas 3. Identify the discourse used 4. Feedback
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