KC
Uploaded byK-12 STUDY CANADA
PPTX, PDF2,426 views

Post War Canada 1945-1960

Canada experienced remarkable economic, social, and political transformations in the post-war period from 1945-1969. The economy shifted from resource-based to more service-oriented. Population and urban growth increased dramatically. Newfoundland joined Confederation in 1949, making Canada a nation of 10 provinces. Political leadership changed between Liberal and Progressive Conservative parties who expanded social programs and infrastructure projects like the Trans-Canada Highway and St. Lawrence Seaway. This period marked Canada's rise to prominence on the global stage.

Embed presentation

Downloaded 44 times
POST WAR CANADA Canada’s Golden Age 1945-1969 ©Ruth Writer
Remarkable transformation 1949 Supreme Court Supreme in Canada Newfoundland #10 Labrador thrown in the deal Vincent Massey Governor General Dominion dropped from Canada
Post War Era Economic Political Social Diplomatic
ECONOMIC CHANGE
ECONOMY  Did not want depression which followed Great War  Not even a recession  Inflation in check  Good jobs  Reconversion quickly  Full employment  High standard of living  Demand for consumer goods  Veterans reintegrated smoothly  First hired for jobs left behind  Educational loans i.e. GI Bill of Rights  Low interest on homes http://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2012/05/15/walkom_eurozone_crisis_signals_a_repeat_of_the_1930s.html
POPULATION GROWTH  1941—Canada at 11.5 million  1957—16.5 million  1968—20.5 million  55% increase in less than generation  School age population doubled  Teachers needed, schools needed  Most lived within 100 miles of U.S. border http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/will-a-retirement-boom-start-in-2011-1.928398  Due to baby boom  Marry young and large families  Highest birthrate of any industrial nation in world  Also immigration  30% of all immigrants since 1867 came in 1945-1955
http://mrpearce.weebly.com/unit-4-post-world-war-two-era.html
IMMIGRATION  Favored European Immigration http://www.cic.gc.ca/english/resources/publications/legacy/chap-4b.asp  British war brides—35,000  British, Italian, German, Holland, Poland  Holocaust survivors  Hungary—1956 uprising  Most to Ontario and Quebec  Jobs there  Altered Quebec population—especially Montreal  Canadians minority in own nation  1/3 Anglo-Canadian  More Allophones
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/microsimulation/lifepaths/overview3-1
URBAN GROWTH  Canada always one of most urban nations in history  Building boom  Homes  $60 million spent on new homes  Twice as much as 1925-50  Twice as many owned homes  1/3 in 1948  2/3 in 1961 https://www1.toronto.ca/wps/portal/contentonly?vgnextoid=2f4a757ae6b31410VgnVCM1000007 1d60f89RCRD&vgnextchannel=7a27bcf5a1d21410VgnVCM10000071d60f89RCRD http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/saskatoon/saskatoon-morning-looks-at-wartime-home-history-in- the-city-1.3000390
PERSONAL INCOME GROWTH  GNP doubled from 1950-1960  $18 billion to 36 billion  Construction  Shift from Resource Economy to Service
FADING FARMERS  1911—33% of Canadians farmed  By 1950s—only 10%  Machines  Commercial farming  Market boards—quotas, prices set  Oats, barley, flax==$$$  Processed foods http://www.ktel.com/about.php http://www.peipotatomuseum.com/ http://www.tractorfriends.org/tractorsengines/masseyharristractors/masseyharristractors.html
FADING FISHERMEN  Workers needed down  Production up  Fish industry giants  Hi-tech trawlers—400,000 #/ship in two week trip  No longer self-employed  National Sea Products  British Columbia Packers  Rapid depletion
DRAMATIC CHANGES http://ngb.chebucto.org/Dist_Photo/fog-0505-cod-fishing-1-1921-ci.shtml; photos by R. Writer 2010 in Newfoundland and Labrador
NEW MINERAL AND FOSSIL FUELS  Uranium  Over 1/3 from Canada  Saskatchewan  Atomic weapons  Peace time uses  Oil and natural gas  Edmonton discovery in 1947  By 1956—1200 companies exploring  Alberta became Texas North  Transcontinental gas pipelines—1956-8  1960 first natural gas exports to U.S. http://www.historymuseum.ca/cmc/exhibitions/hist/phase2/images/mod8_b.gif  Iron ore discovered in Newfoundland  Exploration of mineral wealth in Arctic in late 1950s
EXPORTER OF PRIMARY GOODS  Newsprint  Lumber  Wood pulp/paper http://www.fao.org/docrep/t9500e/t9500e09.htm  Wheat http://www.alaska-in-pictures.com/golden-wheat-fields-harvesting-alberta-canada-5661-pictures.htm; http://www.thestar.com/business/2014/02/07/canadian_farmers_sitting_on_grain_due_to_railway_logjams.html  Minerals  Oil and natural gas
INDUSTRIAL GROWTH  Reconversion  Crown corporations continued—prevent depression  Consumer spending  Cars—none built from 1939, no imports either  By 1961 one car per four Canadians  Building supplies for new homes  Technology  Synthetics--rubber  Plastic—Sarnia  Pesticides—Sarnia  Jets—Canuck later the Avro Arrow—CF-105—scrapped  TV and communication  Electronics and computers  Pharmaceuticals—Insulin, cobalt treatment  Space race—collaboration with U.S.
AVRO ARROW—PLANE OF THE FUTURE? http://news.nationalpost.com/news/canada/avro-arrow-redesign-pitched-as-alternative-to-f-35-stealth-fighter-jets http://www.canadiandesignresource.ca/officialgallery/transportation/avro-arrow-interceptor-aircraft/ [video]
U.S. INVESTS IN CANADA  Americanization a concern  70% of oil and gas companies foreign—i.e. U.S.  52% of mining  56% of manufacturing  75% of foreign $$$ were U.S. $ in 1960  Branch plants a key  66% of exports went to U.S.  Only 15% to Britain  Was Canada being betrayed? Sold out? http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2013/09/30/north-american-union-diane-francis-us-canada-merger_n_4016913.html
PLANES, SHIPS, CARS, PIPELINES  NORAD—defense of continent  Alcan Highway—1942—BC and YK  Benefits to all of Canadian West, i.e. Edmonton  TransCanada Highway—1948—centralism goal  St. Lawrence Seaway—1955—trans-oceanic goal  Pipelines  NWT to Yukon by U.S.—no prior Canadian approval  Transcontinental pipeline—1950s debate—1760 miles  Enbridge Energy to Sarnia refineries  Northern Route—UP and Lower Peninsula  Southern Route—circles Lake Michigan then across Michigan  2010 accident—840,000 gallons leaked into Kazoo River  Half owned by U.S. company  Alaskan pipeline
ALCAN HIGHWAY http://westernamericana2.blogspot.com/2010/11/alaska-canadian-highway.html
TRANSCANADA HIGHWAY http://www.pc.gc.ca/eng/pn-np/ab/banff/plan/envedette-highlights.aspx http://transcanadahighway.com/General/transcanadahighway.htm http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/trans-canada-highway/
PIPELINES  NWT to Yukon by U.S.—no prior Canadian approval  Transcontinental pipeline—1950s debate—1760 miles  Enbridge Energy to Sarnia refineries  Northern Route—UP and Lower Peninsula  Southern Route—circles Lake Michigan then across Michigan  2010 accident—840,000 gallons leaked into Kazoo River  Half owned by U.S. company  Alaskan pipeline
 Green—oil; red—gas; blue—products http://www.theodora.com/pipelines/north_america_oil_gas_and_products_pipelines.html
 http://insideclimatenews.org/sites/default/files/tarsandspipelineboomapril2012InsideClimateNews_0.jpg
 www.enbridge.com
www.enbridge.com
ST. LAWRENCE SEAWAY  Joint Canadian-U.S. project  Made Trans-oceanic travel possible  Ontario, New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Michigan, Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin—all ocean ports now  Grain, iron, coal  Continuation of Welland Canal with 8 locks—1840s  Soo Locks with 4 locks—1850s  Started in 1953—opened 1955  7 locks between Montreal and Lake Ontario  Relocated 7 villages—IMPACT???  6500 people had to move  500 homes  Huge celebration https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lost_Villages
http://www.ghosttownpix.com/lostvillages/maps.html [maps] ; http://lostvillages.ca/
http://www.mprnews.org/story/2009/04/27/seaway
https://www.transportation.gov/fastlane/new-years-eve-ends-seaway-navigation-season http://www.citt.ca/conference/2015/stlawrenceseaway.html
http://acanadianfamily.wordpress.com/2009/07/02/happy-5oth-birthday-st-lawrence-seaway/
AUTOPACT--1965  Largest trade sector between U.S. and Canada  Parts made in other nation  Interweaving of auto industry http://www.technews24h.com/2012/11/the-10-greatest-muscle-cars-from-1965.html
POVERTY FOR SOME  25% in poverty  Natives  African-Canadians  Francophone  Immigrants  Gender  Children  Regional  Atlantic Canada--$57 per week average pay  Ontario--$85 per week average http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/canada-accused-of-still-failing-its-poor-1.1101140 http://www.dominionpaper.ca/canadian_news/2004/02/25/canadian_n.html http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/joe-gunn/canada-poverty_b_6603570.html
POLITICAL CHANGE IN CANADA
ANOTHER PROVINCE  Location, location, location  World War II  Refueling and supply bases for Canada and U.S.  Newfoundland was closest British neighbor  Trade agreements with U.S.  Canada supported PEI and NS  Rejected 1867 Confederation even with promises  1945 Britain discuss alternatives  Newfoundland and Labrador—1949 Referendum  Inconclusive in June 1948  Joey Smallwood—economic benefits  Second vote in favor of Confederation
NEWFOUNDLAND JOINS CANADA Signing ceremony of the Terms of Union in the Senate chamber, in Ottawa, on December 11, 1948. Seated were Louis St. Laurent, Prime Minister of Canada, and the Hon. A. J. Walsh, head of the Newfoundland delegation. Joseph Smallwood is standing (second from the right). http://faculty.marianopolis.edu/c.belanger/nfldhistory/Terms%20of%20Union%20of%20Newfoundland%20with%20Ca nada.htm; http://www.canadahistory.com/sections/eras/the%20peace/Newfoundland.html
CANADA IN 1949—10 PROVINCES https://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/confederation/023001-3060-e.html
PRIME MINISTERS AND PARTY CHANGE King [Liberal]—dominate for 3 decades- -died in ‘50 1948-57—Louis St. Laurent [Liberal]  Established equalization payments regionally  Improved social welfare system of Canada  Pensions  Unemployment  Family Allowance  Hospital insurance plan for part of cost—MAJOR step  Large role in peacekeeping  St. Lawrence Seaway—’59  Trans-Canada Highway—’62
MORE CHANGE  1957-63—John Diefenbaker—Progressive Conservative  First from Western provinces [SK lawyer]  Canadian rejection of Liberals who had control for 3 decades  ONE Canada—Nationalism  Less cooperation with U.S. and Kennedy  Development of Canadian north  CN$ exchange rate  New Keynesian economics—tax cuts; increased spending  Rural aid—advance on farm stored grain  Regional issues—move people from Atlantic Canada  Canadian Bill of Rights—1960 Minority rights http://www.macleans.ca/society/10-reasons-why-dief-the-chief-and-jfk-hated-each-other/
LIBERALS IN POWER  1963-68—Lester Pearson [Liberal]  Nobel Peace Prize as Minister of External Affairs  Universal health Care—1965  Canadian Pension Plan—1965—CPP https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lester_B._Pearson
MINOR PARTIES  Social Credit Party in QC—Real Caouette  Over 1/3 of vote http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/real-caouette/  CCF became New Democratic Party  1962—13.5% of vote  1962—19 seats http://thecanadianpoliticalscene.blogspot.com/2011/04/election-2011-platform-comparison.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co-operative_Commonwealth_Federation
CCF SETS NEW COURSE FOR CANADA  Progressive party—farmers and laborers 1932—Calgary—to meet social and political change Frank Underhill—League for Social Reconstruction  Co-operative Commonwealth Federation—1933  Replace capitalist system  Manifesto with socialistic slant  Centralized government control over banking, planning  Publicly owned transportation, communication, resources  Unemployment insurance  National health care  Slum clearance
DEPRESSION==VOTES???  Too radical for Quebec and Maritimes  Never control of Parliament  Did shape politics  Promoted social programs and state stewardship  Tommy Douglas became premier of SK in 1944  Designed prototype of national health care
CANADIAN HEALTH CARE SYSTEM  Adopted by federal government 1960s  Federal government would share costs with provinces  Cover medical care for ALL citizens  By 1972 all provinces and territories agreed  Expensive  Varied in quality of coverage and treatment  Became a source of pride—part of the identity
CANADIAN PENSION PLAN  Universal pension plan  Retirement age of 65  Contributions from government, workers, employers
SOCIAL NETWORK EXPANDED  Health care  Pension  Unemployment  Student loans  Low income housing assistance  Came a high cost—high tax burden
CIVIL SERVICE EXPANSION  Bureaucracy growth  1939—46,000 employed by government  1945—116,000 worked for government  New strongholds of Confederation  Finance  Munitions and Supply  External Affairs
DIPLOMACY IN CANADA
CANADA AS THE MIDDLE POWER  Keeping balance with diplomacy  Support U.S. policies  Yet maintain sovereignty  Resource basis  Cold War—geographic location, location, location  United Nations—’45—founding member  NATO—’48—St. Laurent concept
CANADA AS PEACEKEEPER  NEW CANADIAN NATIONALISM CREATED  Commonwealth of Nations  Forum of ideas  Britain at the top  Canada as a New Model  Korean Conflict—1950-53—one of 16 nations—22,000 troops  Other areas with Canadian Forces  Lebanon--1953  Suez—1956 [Pearson won Nobel Peace Prize in 1957]  Congo—1960-64  New Guinea--1962  Yemen--1963  Cyprus—1964  Pakistan—1965  Bosnia—1980s  Somalia—1990s  Haiti--2000  NOT Vietnam—draft and reverse
yonahmartin.sencanada.ca ; http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/articles/korean-war
CANADA AND THE U.S.A.  Close cooperation—with some questions  1940—Permanent Joint Board on Defense  Air defense  Standard training, equipment  Access to facilities  Radar installations in 1957—NORAD  Nuclear Reality  Pine Tree Line at border  McGill Fence at 55*N  DEW Line in Canadian Arctic  Cuban Missile Crisis  NORAD on alert  Canadian troops on alert  Disagreement between Diefenbaker and Kennedy  Diefenbaker armed nuclear missiles in ’63—until ’84 http://www.norad.mil/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinetree_Line
http://www.pages.drexel.edu/~ina22/+301/$301-text-Personal_and_Family_Survival.html
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Map_of_Distant_Early_Warning_(DEW)_Line.jpg https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:NORAD-Tracks-Santa-website_2009-Language_Selection.png
CANADA, U.S. AND VIETNAM  Canada source of supplies  Disagreement over bombing of North Vietnam  Conflict between Pearson and LBJ  Pearson support  Draft resisters—125,000 [?]  Evaders  Deserters  Brain drain  Educated  Professionals  Teachers  Students  Canadians who served—perhaps an equal number
http://www.cbc.ca/doczone/episodes/vietnam-canadas-shadow-war
http://yukon-news.com/life/yukoners-vietnam-documentary-shown-at-the-national-gallery/ http://www.windsorstar.com/Gallery+Vietnam+veterans+honoured/1741939/story.html
SOCIAL CHANGES IN POST WAR Establishing a Canadian Cultural Identity
CANADIAN IDENTITY--QUESTIONS  Immigration increased  Allophones—other languages  Redefined Canada  Vincent Massey’s Report—1949-1951  Fear of American mass culture—i.e. TV  Canadian culture and identity in danger of extinction  Cultural might blossom if government grants for  National library and system to preserve records  National support of universities and higher education  Support of museums, art, theater, symphony, ballet  Interest in high culture not mass culture  Canada should encourage, protect own culture  Development popular entertainment left alone
ALLOPHONE Association for Canadian Studies, www.statcan.gc
NEW SYMBOLS OF NATIONAL IDENTITY  Canadian flag—maple leaf—1965 http://torontopubliclibrary.typepad.com/trl/2015/02/a-red-maple-leaf-against-a-blue-sky-a-quintessential- canadian-symbol-and-one-recognized-throughout-the-world-even-the-leas.html  Canadian Anthem—O’Canada--1965  Montreal Exposition—1967 http://www.worldsfaircommunity.org/topic/12681-more-expo-67-panoramas/ www.ameriquefrancaise.org
www.jubileequeencruises.ca
NATIONAL LIBRARY https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_and_Archives_Canada; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_of_Parliament
NATIONAL GALLERY [ART] http://www.gallery.ca/holidays/; https://www.gallery.ca/en/see/collections/artwork.php?mkey=11761
CULTURAL CHANGES  Cultural imperialism  More NFB funding  Created National Library and Archives  Canada Council—1957  Theater, arts, ballet, writers  CRTC—1968—Canadian content laws  Baby boom came of age in the the 60s  Sex, drugs, rock and roll  Vancouver scene  Toronto  Montreal
BABY BOOM 1966 AND 2006 http://www.cihr-irsc.gc.ca/e/34013.html
HOCKEY  Rocket Richard  Richard Riots  Roch Carrier—THE SWEATER  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EgydkfnUEi8 http://mauricerichard.homestead.com/Comments-english.html
THREAT OF A NORTH AMERICAN IDENTITY RATHER THAN CANADIAN ID Economic Diplomatic Cultural Political
RESOURCES  Anonymous. “Chapter XVII”--Canada. Royal Commission on National Development in the Arts, Letters, and Sciences. Report. Ottawa : King's Printer, 1951. By permission of the Privy Council Office. Pages 253-267. http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/2/5/h5-400-e.html  http://www.cbc.ca/archives/categories/society/youth/hippie-society-the- youth-rebellion/festivals-and-happenings-vancouvers-human-be-in.html [on-line video]  http://www.cbc.ca/archives/categories/society/youth/hippie-society-the- youth-rebellion/hippie-life-it-aint-easy.html [on-line video]  http://www.canadiandesignresource.ca/officialgallery/transportation/avro- arrow-interceptor-aircraft  Kallmann, Helmut. “Massey Commission.” 2012. The Canadian Encyclopedia, Historica Foundation of Canada. <www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com>  Sprague, D.N. Post Confederation Canada: The Structure of Canadian History Since Confederation. Scarborough: Prentice-Hall Canada Inc., 1990. [ p. 240-251, 255-272, 275-280].  http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/agriculture-and-food/  The Sweater http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EgydkfnUEi8

More Related Content

PPT
03 Great Depression in Canada
bySt. George's College
 
PDF
IB History OPVL Chart
byYCIS Beijing
 
PPTX
Breakdown of the Grand Alliance
byHilary Barhydt
 
PPTX
Germany in wwii
bymrbruns
 
PPT
world wars
byvishnugud
 
PPT
Russian history ppt
bysatttsattt
 
PPT
6. detente
byThe Grange School & Sports College
 
PPTX
Phases of the cold war
byAnnumchaudhary
 
03 Great Depression in Canada
bySt. George's College
 
IB History OPVL Chart
byYCIS Beijing
 
Breakdown of the Grand Alliance
byHilary Barhydt
 
Germany in wwii
bymrbruns
 
world wars
byvishnugud
 
Russian history ppt
bysatttsattt
 
6. detente
byThe Grange School & Sports College
 
Phases of the cold war
byAnnumchaudhary
 

What's hot

PPT
Canada in the roaring twenties
byJeff Weichel
 
PPT
Lbj and vietnam
byleavingcerthistory
 
PPT
Imperialism and America
byreghistory
 
PPT
Operation Overlord (D-Day) and Canada's Role
byMr. Finnie
 
PPTX
American civil war. Lincoln.
byiesfraypedro
 
PPT
The United States in World War II
byreghistory
 
PPTX
The Civil War in One Day v2.pptx
byMatthew Caggia
 
PPTX
The Roaring 20s
byhistory_teacher25
 
PPTX
Unit 8 Powerpoint (The Cold War Begins)
byCrosswinds High School
 
PPTX
Us Foreign Policy after 1945
byNoel Hogan
 
PPT
Lecture on Industrial america
byElhem Chniti
 
PPT
Life at turn of century
bySandra Waters
 
PPTX
The Jefferson Era
byBlake Harris
 
PDF
9.2 major events of wwii [powerpoint] 1944 45
byWilliam Hogan
 
PPTX
Direct rule and Sunningdale agreement
bymrdowdican
 
PPTX
The new imperialism notes
bySouth High
 
PPT
The Hungarian Revolution in 1956
byOWTF
 
PPTX
Industrialization
bymgdean
 
KEY
Civil War
byLuis
 
PPTX
US civil rights Movement
bydaviddunlop1
 
Canada in the roaring twenties
byJeff Weichel
 
Lbj and vietnam
byleavingcerthistory
 
Imperialism and America
byreghistory
 
Operation Overlord (D-Day) and Canada's Role
byMr. Finnie
 
American civil war. Lincoln.
byiesfraypedro
 
The United States in World War II
byreghistory
 
The Civil War in One Day v2.pptx
byMatthew Caggia
 
The Roaring 20s
byhistory_teacher25
 
Unit 8 Powerpoint (The Cold War Begins)
byCrosswinds High School
 
Us Foreign Policy after 1945
byNoel Hogan
 
Lecture on Industrial america
byElhem Chniti
 
Life at turn of century
bySandra Waters
 
The Jefferson Era
byBlake Harris
 
9.2 major events of wwii [powerpoint] 1944 45
byWilliam Hogan
 
Direct rule and Sunningdale agreement
bymrdowdican
 
The new imperialism notes
bySouth High
 
The Hungarian Revolution in 1956
byOWTF
 
Industrialization
bymgdean
 
Civil War
byLuis
 
US civil rights Movement
bydaviddunlop1
 

Viewers also liked

PPT
History of Canada- Exploration, Colonization, & Changes in Power
byesample458
 
PPT
Chapter 8 cold war
byBrown Cdg
 
PPTX
Symbols of the canadian government
byFlower Ronningen
 
PPTX
Canada Notes
byMistercagle
 
PPT
Mr. Marshall's Cold War PPT
byddsheppard
 
PPTX
IBMA 2016 - Mike Clare - Clash of Empires, Canada and the 20th Century Global...
byK-12 STUDY CANADA
 
PPT
Canada Powerpoint
byguest99a5a736
 
PPT
Creativity
byDr. Nicholas Correa
 
PPT
Second worldwar canada
byDr. Nicholas Correa
 
History of Canada- Exploration, Colonization, & Changes in Power
byesample458
 
Chapter 8 cold war
byBrown Cdg
 
Symbols of the canadian government
byFlower Ronningen
 
Canada Notes
byMistercagle
 
Mr. Marshall's Cold War PPT
byddsheppard
 
IBMA 2016 - Mike Clare - Clash of Empires, Canada and the 20th Century Global...
byK-12 STUDY CANADA
 
Canada Powerpoint
byguest99a5a736
 
Creativity
byDr. Nicholas Correa
 
Second worldwar canada
byDr. Nicholas Correa
 

Similar to Post War Canada 1945-1960

PPTX
Canada at the Turn of the 20th Century
byK-12 STUDY CANADA
 
PPT
Chapter 8
byEkart's World Geography
 
PPT
Chapter 7
byEkart's World Geography
 
DOCX
A Brief History Of Canada
byRoyB
 
PPTX
British North America 1791-1867
byK-12 STUDY CANADA
 
PPTX
Canada and its Educational Curriculum
byMaertly Sasuman
 
PDF
Seven countries project Alena
byHWH2
 
PPTX
British Studies prezentacja - the history of Canada for intermediate secondar...
byMaciekMakarewicz1
 
PPTX
Week 3 Lesson 2 - Canada After ww1 - 1929.pptx
byJoySong8
 
PPT
History of canada ccbfl
byDepEd
 
PPT
The cold war 1950s
byReynolds Secondary School
 
PPT
W geo unit 2b canada
byajdredla
 
PDF
Country report pt1 canada
byhistory141ning
 
DOCX
Rectified canada
bymahendraaditya
 
DOC
Latin america and canada
byShirley A
 
PPT
(2012) Canada: A Regional Geography (5.4 MB)
byK-12 STUDY CANADA
 
PPTX
2013-12-Canada Partick
byInternational presentation
 
PPT
Ch06ed
bylschmidt1170
 
PPTX
(2015) Introduction to Canadian History and Culture (21.0 MB)
byK-12 STUDY CANADA
 
PPT
Ch17
bylschmidt1170
 
Canada at the Turn of the 20th Century
byK-12 STUDY CANADA
 
Chapter 8
byEkart's World Geography
 
Chapter 7
byEkart's World Geography
 
A Brief History Of Canada
byRoyB
 
British North America 1791-1867
byK-12 STUDY CANADA
 
Canada and its Educational Curriculum
byMaertly Sasuman
 
Seven countries project Alena
byHWH2
 
British Studies prezentacja - the history of Canada for intermediate secondar...
byMaciekMakarewicz1
 
Week 3 Lesson 2 - Canada After ww1 - 1929.pptx
byJoySong8
 
History of canada ccbfl
byDepEd
 
The cold war 1950s
byReynolds Secondary School
 
W geo unit 2b canada
byajdredla
 
Country report pt1 canada
byhistory141ning
 
Rectified canada
bymahendraaditya
 
Latin america and canada
byShirley A
 
(2012) Canada: A Regional Geography (5.4 MB)
byK-12 STUDY CANADA
 
2013-12-Canada Partick
byInternational presentation
 
Ch06ed
bylschmidt1170
 
(2015) Introduction to Canadian History and Culture (21.0 MB)
byK-12 STUDY CANADA
 
Ch17
bylschmidt1170
 

More from K-12 STUDY CANADA

PPTX
IBMA 2016 - Dr. B Payne - The Great Depression in Canada
byK-12 STUDY CANADA
 
PDF
New Frontiers: Contested Claims in Arctic Exploration
byK-12 STUDY CANADA
 
PPTX
IBMA 2016 - R. Gokey - Indigenous Peoples of Canada
byK-12 STUDY CANADA
 
PPTX
Ruth Writer PowerPoints (Scroll Down to View)
byK-12 STUDY CANADA
 
PPTX
IBMA 2016 - B. Arntzen, A. Sotherden - 10 Things to Know about Indigenous Peo...
byK-12 STUDY CANADA
 
PPTX
2014 PowerPoints (Scroll Down to View)
byK-12 STUDY CANADA
 
PPTX
2016 PowerPoints (Scroll Down to View)
byK-12 STUDY CANADA
 
PPTX
Powerpoint2016 161207213248
byK-12 STUDY CANADA
 
PPTX
2016 PowerPoints (Scroll Down to View)
byK-12 STUDY CANADA
 
PPTX
2016 PowerPoints (Scroll Down to View)
byK-12 STUDY CANADA
 
PPTX
2016 PowerPoints (Scroll Down to View)
byK-12 STUDY CANADA
 
PPTX
2016 PowerPoints (Scroll Down to View)
byK-12 STUDY CANADA
 
PPTX
2015 PowerPoints (Scroll Down to View)
byK-12 STUDY CANADA
 
PPTX
2013 PowerPoints (Scroll Down to View)
byK-12 STUDY CANADA
 
PPTX
2012 PowerPoints (Scroll Down to View)
byK-12 STUDY CANADA
 
PPTX
IBMA 2016 - A Schultzki - Canadian Confederation
byK-12 STUDY CANADA
 
PPTX
IBMA 2016 - Dr. B. Payne - Human Rights in Canadian History
byK-12 STUDY CANADA
 
PPTX
NCSS 2016 - Chris Sands - Elections and Outcomes in the United States and Canada
byK-12 STUDY CANADA
 
PPTX
2015 PowerPoints (Scroll Down to View)
byK-12 STUDY CANADA
 
PPTX
2017 PowerPoints (Scroll Down to View)
byK-12 STUDY CANADA
 
IBMA 2016 - Dr. B Payne - The Great Depression in Canada
byK-12 STUDY CANADA
 
New Frontiers: Contested Claims in Arctic Exploration
byK-12 STUDY CANADA
 
IBMA 2016 - R. Gokey - Indigenous Peoples of Canada
byK-12 STUDY CANADA
 
Ruth Writer PowerPoints (Scroll Down to View)
byK-12 STUDY CANADA
 
IBMA 2016 - B. Arntzen, A. Sotherden - 10 Things to Know about Indigenous Peo...
byK-12 STUDY CANADA
 
2014 PowerPoints (Scroll Down to View)
byK-12 STUDY CANADA
 
2016 PowerPoints (Scroll Down to View)
byK-12 STUDY CANADA
 
Powerpoint2016 161207213248
byK-12 STUDY CANADA
 
2016 PowerPoints (Scroll Down to View)
byK-12 STUDY CANADA
 
2016 PowerPoints (Scroll Down to View)
byK-12 STUDY CANADA
 
2016 PowerPoints (Scroll Down to View)
byK-12 STUDY CANADA
 
2016 PowerPoints (Scroll Down to View)
byK-12 STUDY CANADA
 
2015 PowerPoints (Scroll Down to View)
byK-12 STUDY CANADA
 
2013 PowerPoints (Scroll Down to View)
byK-12 STUDY CANADA
 
2012 PowerPoints (Scroll Down to View)
byK-12 STUDY CANADA
 
IBMA 2016 - A Schultzki - Canadian Confederation
byK-12 STUDY CANADA
 
IBMA 2016 - Dr. B. Payne - Human Rights in Canadian History
byK-12 STUDY CANADA
 
NCSS 2016 - Chris Sands - Elections and Outcomes in the United States and Canada
byK-12 STUDY CANADA
 
2015 PowerPoints (Scroll Down to View)
byK-12 STUDY CANADA
 
2017 PowerPoints (Scroll Down to View)
byK-12 STUDY CANADA
 

Recently uploaded

PDF
Overview of Ethiopian Agriculture: Systems and Economic Impact.pdf
byinebaseifu
 
PPTX
OCCULTISM IN JEHOVAH'S WITNESSES' ARTWORK
byDaniel Barnea
 
PPTX
MELA QUIZ 2026 | Silchar Medical College & Hospital | 11-01-2026
byUltimatewinner0342
 
PDF
Caribbean Examinations Council Literacy and Numeracy Standards
byCaribbean Examinations Council
 
PPTX
Overview of SEO optimiser in Odoo 19 Website
byCeline George
 
PDF
Experiment No. 2 To synthesis and submit chlorobutanol.
byPradeep Swarnkar
 
PDF
2.India-and-Her-Neighbours ppt.pdf/Social science Grade 7 part -2 By:K SANDE...
bySandeep Swamy
 
PPTX
Insertion of Suppositories..........pptx
byAneetaSharma15
 
PDF
eSAT-for-Teachers-2025-2028-ver.2-Nov2025 idp.pdf
byJunmelValientes
 
PPTX
THEORIES OF LEARNING Shilpa Hotakar.pptx
bySHILPA HOTAKAR
 
PPTX
OXYGEN ADMINISTRATION/THERAPY ......pptx
byAneetaSharma15
 
PPTX
special senses-eye, ear, nose, tongue.pptx
byAshish Umale
 
PPTX
ANTI- RHEUMATICS CHAPTER NO.05 PHARMACOGNOSY
byGanu Gavade
 
PPTX
INSTAGRAM: Where Moment Turns Into Stories.pptx
byandriemark51
 
PPTX
ANTI-TUSSIVE CHAPTER NO.05 PHARMACOGNOSY
byGanu Gavade
 
PPTX
Throat painting and throat swab.....pptx
byAneetaSharma15
 
PPTX
Report for Prepare Time Management in Odoo 19 POS
byCeline George
 
PPTX
Regenerate invoice in odoo 19 Accounting
byCeline George
 
PPTX
Cash on Delivery (COD) in Odoo 19 website
byCeline George
 
PPTX
Віртуальна виставка «Гра в життя» – «The Game of Life»
byVinnytsia Regional Universal Scientific Library named after Valentin Otamanovsky
 
Overview of Ethiopian Agriculture: Systems and Economic Impact.pdf
byinebaseifu
 
OCCULTISM IN JEHOVAH'S WITNESSES' ARTWORK
byDaniel Barnea
 
MELA QUIZ 2026 | Silchar Medical College & Hospital | 11-01-2026
byUltimatewinner0342
 
Caribbean Examinations Council Literacy and Numeracy Standards
byCaribbean Examinations Council
 
Overview of SEO optimiser in Odoo 19 Website
byCeline George
 
Experiment No. 2 To synthesis and submit chlorobutanol.
byPradeep Swarnkar
 
2.India-and-Her-Neighbours ppt.pdf/Social science Grade 7 part -2 By:K SANDE...
bySandeep Swamy
 
Insertion of Suppositories..........pptx
byAneetaSharma15
 
eSAT-for-Teachers-2025-2028-ver.2-Nov2025 idp.pdf
byJunmelValientes
 
THEORIES OF LEARNING Shilpa Hotakar.pptx
bySHILPA HOTAKAR
 
OXYGEN ADMINISTRATION/THERAPY ......pptx
byAneetaSharma15
 
special senses-eye, ear, nose, tongue.pptx
byAshish Umale
 
ANTI- RHEUMATICS CHAPTER NO.05 PHARMACOGNOSY
byGanu Gavade
 
INSTAGRAM: Where Moment Turns Into Stories.pptx
byandriemark51
 
ANTI-TUSSIVE CHAPTER NO.05 PHARMACOGNOSY
byGanu Gavade
 
Throat painting and throat swab.....pptx
byAneetaSharma15
 
Report for Prepare Time Management in Odoo 19 POS
byCeline George
 
Regenerate invoice in odoo 19 Accounting
byCeline George
 
Cash on Delivery (COD) in Odoo 19 website
byCeline George
 
Віртуальна виставка «Гра в життя» – «The Game of Life»
byVinnytsia Regional Universal Scientific Library named after Valentin Otamanovsky
 

Post War Canada 1945-1960

  • 1.
    POST WAR CANADA Canada’sGolden Age 1945-1969 ©Ruth Writer
  • 2.
    Remarkable transformation 1949 Supreme Court Supreme in Canada Newfoundland #10 Labrador thrown inthe deal Vincent Massey Governor General Dominion dropped from Canada
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5.
    ECONOMY  Did notwant depression which followed Great War  Not even a recession  Inflation in check  Good jobs  Reconversion quickly  Full employment  High standard of living  Demand for consumer goods  Veterans reintegrated smoothly  First hired for jobs left behind  Educational loans i.e. GI Bill of Rights  Low interest on homes http://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2012/05/15/walkom_eurozone_crisis_signals_a_repeat_of_the_1930s.html
  • 6.
    POPULATION GROWTH  1941—Canadaat 11.5 million  1957—16.5 million  1968—20.5 million  55% increase in less than generation  School age population doubled  Teachers needed, schools needed  Most lived within 100 miles of U.S. border http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/will-a-retirement-boom-start-in-2011-1.928398  Due to baby boom  Marry young and large families  Highest birthrate of any industrial nation in world  Also immigration  30% of all immigrants since 1867 came in 1945-1955
  • 7.
  • 8.
    IMMIGRATION  Favored EuropeanImmigration http://www.cic.gc.ca/english/resources/publications/legacy/chap-4b.asp  British war brides—35,000  British, Italian, German, Holland, Poland  Holocaust survivors  Hungary—1956 uprising  Most to Ontario and Quebec  Jobs there  Altered Quebec population—especially Montreal  Canadians minority in own nation  1/3 Anglo-Canadian  More Allophones
  • 9.
  • 10.
    URBAN GROWTH  Canadaalways one of most urban nations in history  Building boom  Homes  $60 million spent on new homes  Twice as much as 1925-50  Twice as many owned homes  1/3 in 1948  2/3 in 1961 https://www1.toronto.ca/wps/portal/contentonly?vgnextoid=2f4a757ae6b31410VgnVCM1000007 1d60f89RCRD&vgnextchannel=7a27bcf5a1d21410VgnVCM10000071d60f89RCRD http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/saskatoon/saskatoon-morning-looks-at-wartime-home-history-in- the-city-1.3000390
  • 11.
    PERSONAL INCOME GROWTH GNP doubled from 1950-1960  $18 billion to 36 billion  Construction  Shift from Resource Economy to Service
  • 12.
    FADING FARMERS  1911—33%of Canadians farmed  By 1950s—only 10%  Machines  Commercial farming  Market boards—quotas, prices set  Oats, barley, flax==$$$  Processed foods http://www.ktel.com/about.php http://www.peipotatomuseum.com/ http://www.tractorfriends.org/tractorsengines/masseyharristractors/masseyharristractors.html
  • 13.
    FADING FISHERMEN  Workersneeded down  Production up  Fish industry giants  Hi-tech trawlers—400,000 #/ship in two week trip  No longer self-employed  National Sea Products  British Columbia Packers  Rapid depletion
  • 14.
  • 15.
    NEW MINERAL ANDFOSSIL FUELS  Uranium  Over 1/3 from Canada  Saskatchewan  Atomic weapons  Peace time uses  Oil and natural gas  Edmonton discovery in 1947  By 1956—1200 companies exploring  Alberta became Texas North  Transcontinental gas pipelines—1956-8  1960 first natural gas exports to U.S. http://www.historymuseum.ca/cmc/exhibitions/hist/phase2/images/mod8_b.gif  Iron ore discovered in Newfoundland  Exploration of mineral wealth in Arctic in late 1950s
  • 16.
    EXPORTER OF PRIMARYGOODS  Newsprint  Lumber  Wood pulp/paper http://www.fao.org/docrep/t9500e/t9500e09.htm  Wheat http://www.alaska-in-pictures.com/golden-wheat-fields-harvesting-alberta-canada-5661-pictures.htm; http://www.thestar.com/business/2014/02/07/canadian_farmers_sitting_on_grain_due_to_railway_logjams.html  Minerals  Oil and natural gas
  • 17.
    INDUSTRIAL GROWTH  Reconversion Crown corporations continued—prevent depression  Consumer spending  Cars—none built from 1939, no imports either  By 1961 one car per four Canadians  Building supplies for new homes  Technology  Synthetics--rubber  Plastic—Sarnia  Pesticides—Sarnia  Jets—Canuck later the Avro Arrow—CF-105—scrapped  TV and communication  Electronics and computers  Pharmaceuticals—Insulin, cobalt treatment  Space race—collaboration with U.S.
  • 18.
    AVRO ARROW—PLANE OFTHE FUTURE? http://news.nationalpost.com/news/canada/avro-arrow-redesign-pitched-as-alternative-to-f-35-stealth-fighter-jets http://www.canadiandesignresource.ca/officialgallery/transportation/avro-arrow-interceptor-aircraft/ [video]
  • 19.
    U.S. INVESTS INCANADA  Americanization a concern  70% of oil and gas companies foreign—i.e. U.S.  52% of mining  56% of manufacturing  75% of foreign $$$ were U.S. $ in 1960  Branch plants a key  66% of exports went to U.S.  Only 15% to Britain  Was Canada being betrayed? Sold out? http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2013/09/30/north-american-union-diane-francis-us-canada-merger_n_4016913.html
  • 20.
    PLANES, SHIPS, CARS,PIPELINES  NORAD—defense of continent  Alcan Highway—1942—BC and YK  Benefits to all of Canadian West, i.e. Edmonton  TransCanada Highway—1948—centralism goal  St. Lawrence Seaway—1955—trans-oceanic goal  Pipelines  NWT to Yukon by U.S.—no prior Canadian approval  Transcontinental pipeline—1950s debate—1760 miles  Enbridge Energy to Sarnia refineries  Northern Route—UP and Lower Peninsula  Southern Route—circles Lake Michigan then across Michigan  2010 accident—840,000 gallons leaked into Kazoo River  Half owned by U.S. company  Alaskan pipeline
  • 21.
  • 22.
  • 23.
    PIPELINES  NWT toYukon by U.S.—no prior Canadian approval  Transcontinental pipeline—1950s debate—1760 miles  Enbridge Energy to Sarnia refineries  Northern Route—UP and Lower Peninsula  Southern Route—circles Lake Michigan then across Michigan  2010 accident—840,000 gallons leaked into Kazoo River  Half owned by U.S. company  Alaskan pipeline
  • 24.
     Green—oil; red—gas;blue—products http://www.theodora.com/pipelines/north_america_oil_gas_and_products_pipelines.html
  • 25.
  • 26.
  • 27.
  • 28.
    ST. LAWRENCE SEAWAY Joint Canadian-U.S. project  Made Trans-oceanic travel possible  Ontario, New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Michigan, Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin—all ocean ports now  Grain, iron, coal  Continuation of Welland Canal with 8 locks—1840s  Soo Locks with 4 locks—1850s  Started in 1953—opened 1955  7 locks between Montreal and Lake Ontario  Relocated 7 villages—IMPACT???  6500 people had to move  500 homes  Huge celebration https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lost_Villages
  • 29.
  • 30.
  • 31.
  • 32.
  • 33.
    AUTOPACT--1965  Largest tradesector between U.S. and Canada  Parts made in other nation  Interweaving of auto industry http://www.technews24h.com/2012/11/the-10-greatest-muscle-cars-from-1965.html
  • 34.
    POVERTY FOR SOME 25% in poverty  Natives  African-Canadians  Francophone  Immigrants  Gender  Children  Regional  Atlantic Canada--$57 per week average pay  Ontario--$85 per week average http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/canada-accused-of-still-failing-its-poor-1.1101140 http://www.dominionpaper.ca/canadian_news/2004/02/25/canadian_n.html http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/joe-gunn/canada-poverty_b_6603570.html
  • 35.
  • 36.
    ANOTHER PROVINCE  Location,location, location  World War II  Refueling and supply bases for Canada and U.S.  Newfoundland was closest British neighbor  Trade agreements with U.S.  Canada supported PEI and NS  Rejected 1867 Confederation even with promises  1945 Britain discuss alternatives  Newfoundland and Labrador—1949 Referendum  Inconclusive in June 1948  Joey Smallwood—economic benefits  Second vote in favor of Confederation
  • 37.
    NEWFOUNDLAND JOINS CANADA Signingceremony of the Terms of Union in the Senate chamber, in Ottawa, on December 11, 1948. Seated were Louis St. Laurent, Prime Minister of Canada, and the Hon. A. J. Walsh, head of the Newfoundland delegation. Joseph Smallwood is standing (second from the right). http://faculty.marianopolis.edu/c.belanger/nfldhistory/Terms%20of%20Union%20of%20Newfoundland%20with%20Ca nada.htm; http://www.canadahistory.com/sections/eras/the%20peace/Newfoundland.html
  • 38.
    CANADA IN 1949—10PROVINCES https://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/confederation/023001-3060-e.html
  • 39.
    PRIME MINISTERS ANDPARTY CHANGE King [Liberal]—dominate for 3 decades- -died in ‘50 1948-57—Louis St. Laurent [Liberal]  Established equalization payments regionally  Improved social welfare system of Canada  Pensions  Unemployment  Family Allowance  Hospital insurance plan for part of cost—MAJOR step  Large role in peacekeeping  St. Lawrence Seaway—’59  Trans-Canada Highway—’62
  • 40.
    MORE CHANGE  1957-63—JohnDiefenbaker—Progressive Conservative  First from Western provinces [SK lawyer]  Canadian rejection of Liberals who had control for 3 decades  ONE Canada—Nationalism  Less cooperation with U.S. and Kennedy  Development of Canadian north  CN$ exchange rate  New Keynesian economics—tax cuts; increased spending  Rural aid—advance on farm stored grain  Regional issues—move people from Atlantic Canada  Canadian Bill of Rights—1960 Minority rights http://www.macleans.ca/society/10-reasons-why-dief-the-chief-and-jfk-hated-each-other/
  • 41.
    LIBERALS IN POWER 1963-68—Lester Pearson [Liberal]  Nobel Peace Prize as Minister of External Affairs  Universal health Care—1965  Canadian Pension Plan—1965—CPP https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lester_B._Pearson
  • 42.
    MINOR PARTIES  SocialCredit Party in QC—Real Caouette  Over 1/3 of vote http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/real-caouette/  CCF became New Democratic Party  1962—13.5% of vote  1962—19 seats http://thecanadianpoliticalscene.blogspot.com/2011/04/election-2011-platform-comparison.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co-operative_Commonwealth_Federation
  • 43.
    CCF SETS NEWCOURSE FOR CANADA  Progressive party—farmers and laborers 1932—Calgary—to meet social and political change Frank Underhill—League for Social Reconstruction  Co-operative Commonwealth Federation—1933  Replace capitalist system  Manifesto with socialistic slant  Centralized government control over banking, planning  Publicly owned transportation, communication, resources  Unemployment insurance  National health care  Slum clearance
  • 44.
    DEPRESSION==VOTES???  Too radicalfor Quebec and Maritimes  Never control of Parliament  Did shape politics  Promoted social programs and state stewardship  Tommy Douglas became premier of SK in 1944  Designed prototype of national health care
  • 45.
    CANADIAN HEALTH CARESYSTEM  Adopted by federal government 1960s  Federal government would share costs with provinces  Cover medical care for ALL citizens  By 1972 all provinces and territories agreed  Expensive  Varied in quality of coverage and treatment  Became a source of pride—part of the identity
  • 46.
    CANADIAN PENSION PLAN Universal pension plan  Retirement age of 65  Contributions from government, workers, employers
  • 47.
    SOCIAL NETWORK EXPANDED Health care  Pension  Unemployment  Student loans  Low income housing assistance  Came a high cost—high tax burden
  • 48.
    CIVIL SERVICE EXPANSION Bureaucracy growth  1939—46,000 employed by government  1945—116,000 worked for government  New strongholds of Confederation  Finance  Munitions and Supply  External Affairs
  • 49.
  • 50.
    CANADA AS THEMIDDLE POWER  Keeping balance with diplomacy  Support U.S. policies  Yet maintain sovereignty  Resource basis  Cold War—geographic location, location, location  United Nations—’45—founding member  NATO—’48—St. Laurent concept
  • 51.
    CANADA AS PEACEKEEPER NEW CANADIAN NATIONALISM CREATED  Commonwealth of Nations  Forum of ideas  Britain at the top  Canada as a New Model  Korean Conflict—1950-53—one of 16 nations—22,000 troops  Other areas with Canadian Forces  Lebanon--1953  Suez—1956 [Pearson won Nobel Peace Prize in 1957]  Congo—1960-64  New Guinea--1962  Yemen--1963  Cyprus—1964  Pakistan—1965  Bosnia—1980s  Somalia—1990s  Haiti--2000  NOT Vietnam—draft and reverse
  • 52.
  • 53.
    CANADA AND THEU.S.A.  Close cooperation—with some questions  1940—Permanent Joint Board on Defense  Air defense  Standard training, equipment  Access to facilities  Radar installations in 1957—NORAD  Nuclear Reality  Pine Tree Line at border  McGill Fence at 55*N  DEW Line in Canadian Arctic  Cuban Missile Crisis  NORAD on alert  Canadian troops on alert  Disagreement between Diefenbaker and Kennedy  Diefenbaker armed nuclear missiles in ’63—until ’84 http://www.norad.mil/
  • 54.
  • 55.
  • 56.
  • 57.
    CANADA, U.S. ANDVIETNAM  Canada source of supplies  Disagreement over bombing of North Vietnam  Conflict between Pearson and LBJ  Pearson support  Draft resisters—125,000 [?]  Evaders  Deserters  Brain drain  Educated  Professionals  Teachers  Students  Canadians who served—perhaps an equal number
  • 58.
  • 59.
  • 60.
    SOCIAL CHANGES INPOST WAR Establishing a Canadian Cultural Identity
  • 61.
    CANADIAN IDENTITY--QUESTIONS  Immigrationincreased  Allophones—other languages  Redefined Canada  Vincent Massey’s Report—1949-1951  Fear of American mass culture—i.e. TV  Canadian culture and identity in danger of extinction  Cultural might blossom if government grants for  National library and system to preserve records  National support of universities and higher education  Support of museums, art, theater, symphony, ballet  Interest in high culture not mass culture  Canada should encourage, protect own culture  Development popular entertainment left alone
  • 62.
    ALLOPHONE Association for CanadianStudies, www.statcan.gc
  • 63.
    NEW SYMBOLS OFNATIONAL IDENTITY  Canadian flag—maple leaf—1965 http://torontopubliclibrary.typepad.com/trl/2015/02/a-red-maple-leaf-against-a-blue-sky-a-quintessential- canadian-symbol-and-one-recognized-throughout-the-world-even-the-leas.html  Canadian Anthem—O’Canada--1965  Montreal Exposition—1967 http://www.worldsfaircommunity.org/topic/12681-more-expo-67-panoramas/ www.ameriquefrancaise.org
  • 64.
  • 65.
  • 67.
    NATIONAL GALLERY [ART] http://www.gallery.ca/holidays/;https://www.gallery.ca/en/see/collections/artwork.php?mkey=11761
  • 68.
    CULTURAL CHANGES  Culturalimperialism  More NFB funding  Created National Library and Archives  Canada Council—1957  Theater, arts, ballet, writers  CRTC—1968—Canadian content laws  Baby boom came of age in the the 60s  Sex, drugs, rock and roll  Vancouver scene  Toronto  Montreal
  • 69.
    BABY BOOM 1966AND 2006 http://www.cihr-irsc.gc.ca/e/34013.html
  • 70.
    HOCKEY  Rocket Richard Richard Riots  Roch Carrier—THE SWEATER  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EgydkfnUEi8 http://mauricerichard.homestead.com/Comments-english.html
  • 71.
    THREAT OF ANORTH AMERICAN IDENTITY RATHER THAN CANADIAN ID Economic Diplomatic Cultural Political
  • 72.
    RESOURCES  Anonymous. “ChapterXVII”--Canada. Royal Commission on National Development in the Arts, Letters, and Sciences. Report. Ottawa : King's Printer, 1951. By permission of the Privy Council Office. Pages 253-267. http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/2/5/h5-400-e.html  http://www.cbc.ca/archives/categories/society/youth/hippie-society-the- youth-rebellion/festivals-and-happenings-vancouvers-human-be-in.html [on-line video]  http://www.cbc.ca/archives/categories/society/youth/hippie-society-the- youth-rebellion/hippie-life-it-aint-easy.html [on-line video]  http://www.canadiandesignresource.ca/officialgallery/transportation/avro- arrow-interceptor-aircraft  Kallmann, Helmut. “Massey Commission.” 2012. The Canadian Encyclopedia, Historica Foundation of Canada. <www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com>  Sprague, D.N. Post Confederation Canada: The Structure of Canadian History Since Confederation. Scarborough: Prentice-Hall Canada Inc., 1990. [ p. 240-251, 255-272, 275-280].  http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/agriculture-and-food/  The Sweater http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EgydkfnUEi8

Editor's Notes

  • #25 Green—oil; red—gas; blue—products http://www.theodora.com/pipelines/north_america_oil_gas_and_products_pipelines.html
  • #26 http://insideclimatenews.org/sites/default/files/tarsandspipelineboomapril2012InsideClimateNews_0.jpg
  • #27 www.enbridge.com
  • #30 http://www.ghosttownpix.com/lostvillages/maps.html [maps]; http://lostvillages.ca/ ;wikipedia
  • #33 http://acanadianfamily.wordpress.com/2009/07/02/happy-5oth-birthday-st-lawrence-seaway/
  • #56 en.wikipedia.org 
  • #57 www.pages.drexel.edu