Developed to prepare direct support staff to implement Positive Behavioral Support Plan for individuals with developmental disabilities. Introduces the basic concepts, terminology, and strategies behind positive behavioral supports. Some Connecticut-specific language - amend to your particular state as desired.
This document summarizes several theories of child development and psychology:
1. Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences which identifies eight types of intelligence including linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalist.
2. Erik Erikson's psychosocial stages of development which identifies eight stages from infancy to old age centered around resolving crises of trust, autonomy, initiative, industry, identity, intimacy, generativity, and integrity.
3. Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory which describes a child's development within different environmental systems from the microsystem to the macrosystem.
4. Piag
The document discusses child psychology and behavior management in dentistry. It covers several theories of child development including psychoanalytic theory by Freud, cognitive theory by Piaget, classical and operant conditioning. Factors affecting a child's behavior are discussed like the dental environment, past experiences, and home life. Behavior management techniques aim to develop positive dental attitudes in children through communication, behavior shaping, and reinforcement using rewards or removal of unpleasant stimuli.
Positive psychology. By Theresa Lowry-Lehnen. Lecturer of PsychologyTheresa Lowry-Lehnen
Positive psychology is a branch of psychology that focuses on human thriving and optimal functioning rather than pathology. It emerged to study factors that allow individuals, communities, and institutions to flourish. Positive psychology aims to understand and build positive emotions, traits, and institutions. While traditional psychology focuses on dysfunction, positive psychology emphasizes identifying and developing competence and well-being.
Erik Erikson proposed a theory of psychosocial development consisting of 8 stages from infancy to late adulthood. At each stage, individuals face a psychosocial crisis that can result in a healthy or unhealthy outcome. The stages involve developing trust vs mistrust as an infant, autonomy vs shame as a toddler, initiative vs guilt as a young child, industry vs inferiority in middle childhood, identity vs role confusion in adolescence, intimacy vs isolation in young adulthood, generativity vs stagnation in middle adulthood, and integrity vs despair in late adulthood. Successful completion of each stage leads to the acquisition of basic virtues and a healthy personality development.
Covered Psychosexual theories by Sigmund Freud, Psychosocial theories by Erik Erikson, Cognitive Development by Jean Piaget.
also have included dental application of each theory
This document discusses several theories of child psychology relevant to understanding child dental patients. It summarizes Sigmund Freud's psychodynamic theory which proposes that personality develops through satisfaction of instincts, especially sexual instincts, during psychosexual stages from infancy through adolescence. Jean Piaget's cognitive theory views cognitive development as resulting from interactions between children and their environments. Erik Erikson described psychosocial stages that influence personality development. Classical and operant conditioning theories by Ivan Pavlov and B.F. Skinner explain how behaviors are learned and reinforced. Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs proposes that basic needs must be met before higher-level growth can occur. Albert Bandura's social learning theory posits that people learn from observing and modeling
The Development of Social Relations - Fundamentals of Psychology 2 - Lecture 3Simon Bignell
The Development of Social Relations - Fundamentals of Psychology 2 - Lecture 3.
The views expressed in this presentation are those of the individual Simon Bignell and not University of Derby.
This document provides an overview of child psychology and theories of child development. It discusses Sigmund Freud's psychodynamic theory including the psychosexual stages of development from oral to genital. It also covers Erik Erikson's psychosocial theory and the 8 stages from trust vs mistrust to integrity vs despair. Jean Piaget's cognitive theory and the stages of cognitive development from sensorimotor to formal operations are also summarized. The document aims to help dental clinicians understand child psychology and behavior management.
This document summarizes several theories of child development and psychology:
1. Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences which identifies eight types of intelligence including linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalist.
2. Erik Erikson's psychosocial stages of development which identifies eight stages from infancy to old age centered around resolving crises of trust, autonomy, initiative, industry, identity, intimacy, generativity, and integrity.
3. Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory which describes a child's development within different environmental systems from the microsystem to the macrosystem.
4. Piag
The document discusses child psychology and behavior management in dentistry. It covers several theories of child development including psychoanalytic theory by Freud, cognitive theory by Piaget, classical and operant conditioning. Factors affecting a child's behavior are discussed like the dental environment, past experiences, and home life. Behavior management techniques aim to develop positive dental attitudes in children through communication, behavior shaping, and reinforcement using rewards or removal of unpleasant stimuli.
Positive psychology. By Theresa Lowry-Lehnen. Lecturer of PsychologyTheresa Lowry-Lehnen
Positive psychology is a branch of psychology that focuses on human thriving and optimal functioning rather than pathology. It emerged to study factors that allow individuals, communities, and institutions to flourish. Positive psychology aims to understand and build positive emotions, traits, and institutions. While traditional psychology focuses on dysfunction, positive psychology emphasizes identifying and developing competence and well-being.
Erik Erikson proposed a theory of psychosocial development consisting of 8 stages from infancy to late adulthood. At each stage, individuals face a psychosocial crisis that can result in a healthy or unhealthy outcome. The stages involve developing trust vs mistrust as an infant, autonomy vs shame as a toddler, initiative vs guilt as a young child, industry vs inferiority in middle childhood, identity vs role confusion in adolescence, intimacy vs isolation in young adulthood, generativity vs stagnation in middle adulthood, and integrity vs despair in late adulthood. Successful completion of each stage leads to the acquisition of basic virtues and a healthy personality development.
Covered Psychosexual theories by Sigmund Freud, Psychosocial theories by Erik Erikson, Cognitive Development by Jean Piaget.
also have included dental application of each theory
This document discusses several theories of child psychology relevant to understanding child dental patients. It summarizes Sigmund Freud's psychodynamic theory which proposes that personality develops through satisfaction of instincts, especially sexual instincts, during psychosexual stages from infancy through adolescence. Jean Piaget's cognitive theory views cognitive development as resulting from interactions between children and their environments. Erik Erikson described psychosocial stages that influence personality development. Classical and operant conditioning theories by Ivan Pavlov and B.F. Skinner explain how behaviors are learned and reinforced. Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs proposes that basic needs must be met before higher-level growth can occur. Albert Bandura's social learning theory posits that people learn from observing and modeling
The Development of Social Relations - Fundamentals of Psychology 2 - Lecture 3Simon Bignell
The Development of Social Relations - Fundamentals of Psychology 2 - Lecture 3.
The views expressed in this presentation are those of the individual Simon Bignell and not University of Derby.
This document provides an overview of child psychology and theories of child development. It discusses Sigmund Freud's psychodynamic theory including the psychosexual stages of development from oral to genital. It also covers Erik Erikson's psychosocial theory and the 8 stages from trust vs mistrust to integrity vs despair. Jean Piaget's cognitive theory and the stages of cognitive development from sensorimotor to formal operations are also summarized. The document aims to help dental clinicians understand child psychology and behavior management.
Child psychology by Dr. Savitha Sathyaprasad.ALLWINPEDO
This document summarizes several major theories of child development, including psychodynamic, behavioral, and cognitive theories. It describes Freud's psychosexual stages including the id, ego, and superego. It also outlines Piaget's stages of cognitive development from sensorimotor to formal operations. Key theorists discussed include Freud, Erikson, Piaget, Pavlov, Skinner, and Bandura.
Erik Erikson's psycho-social theory of development outlines 8 stages of human development from infancy to late adulthood, with each stage involving a psychosocial crisis between two opposing emotional states. The stages involve developing basic virtues through resolving crises of trust vs mistrust in infancy, autonomy vs shame/doubt in early childhood, initiative vs guilt in preschool years, industry vs inferiority in school-age years, identity vs role confusion in adolescence, intimacy vs isolation in young adulthood, generativity vs stagnation in middle adulthood, and ego integrity vs despair in late adulthood. Erikson emphasized that transitioning between stages is overlapping and cultural/social factors influence development.
This chapter discusses several theories of cognitive and psychosocial development. It describes Piaget's theory that children progress through sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational stages of cognitive development defined by their ability to think logically. Vygotsky emphasized social learning and the zone of proximal development. Erikson described psychosocial stages from trust to integrity. Kohlberg outlined stages of moral development from obedience to universal ethics. While influential, Piaget's theory has been criticized for being too rigid in its stages and underestimating social influences on development.
This document provides an overview of child psychology presented by Dr. Shivani S. Singh. It defines key terms like child psychology, emotion, and behavior. It discusses the importance of understanding child psychology for dental care. Several theories of child development are explained, including psychoanalytic theory, psychosocial theory, classical conditioning theory, and social learning theory. The document focuses on Freud's psychodynamic theories including the psychic model of id, ego, and superego.
- Freud developed the psychoanalytic theory, which proposes that unconscious forces, especially sexual and aggressive drives, shape human behavior.
- He proposed three parts of the mind: the id, ego, and superego. The id operates based on the pleasure principle, the ego balances the id with reality, and the superego incorporates societal values and morals.
- Freud believed that early childhood experiences, especially relationships with parents, have a profound influence on personality development and mental health later in life. His theory focused on the importance of sexuality in psychological development.
This document provides an introduction to key concepts in psychology including:
- Freud's psychosexual stages of development and structural model of the mind (id, ego, superego).
- Erikson's psychosocial stages of development.
- Maslow's hierarchy of needs and humanistic theories of Rogers and how they can be applied in healthcare.
- Examples are given to illustrate concepts like transference and applying theories to case studies.
Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development proposes that personality develops in stages over the lifespan through social interactions. Each stage presents new challenges that can help or hinder the development of ego identity, which is one's conscious sense of self. Applying Erikson's theory in the classroom means creating an environment where children feel appreciated and comfortable learning without fear, and where they can master each developmental stage.
CHILD PSYCHOLOGY /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
OVERVIEW OF OBJECT RELATIONS AND ATTACHMENT THEORIESANCYBS
Object relations and attachment theories focus on the development of relationships in early childhood and their impact on future relationships. Margaret Mahler's separation-individuation theory describes stages from symbiosis to object constancy in the first 3 years. Heinz Kohut's self psychology emphasizes healthy development of self through mirroring, idealizing, and twinship transference. Melanie Klein's work describes the paranoid-schizoid and depressive positions in the first year through splitting and integration of good and bad objects. Winnicott and Bowlby further contributed to understanding the importance of a continuous caregiver relationship for healthy ego and attachment development.
This document summarizes key concepts from positive psychology, including resilience, flourishing, and their relationship. It discusses how resilience involves bouncing back from adversity through factors like strong values, social support, and optimism. Resilience can be taught through training programs. Flourishing goes beyond happiness to include PERMA dimensions: positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning and accomplishment. These dimensions are independently measurable and contribute to well-being. Flourishing involves living according to one's signature strengths and finding flow in challenging activities.
This document discusses emotional intelligence and emotion coaching. It defines emotional intelligence as the ability to identify and understand one's own emotions, use emotions during social interactions, use emotional awareness to solve problems, deal with frustration, control how emotions are expressed, and keep distress from overwhelming thinking. Emotion coaching is described as a parenting technique where parents accept children's emotions, use emotional moments to teach life lessons, build trust, and help children develop strategies to handle ups and downs. The benefits of emotion coaching include helping children regulate emotions, problem solve, focus attention, and have healthier relationships.
This document discusses motivation and emotion. It defines motivation as an internal state that causes behavior toward goals. Motivation is influenced by needs, instincts, and goals. Primary drives like hunger, thirst, sleep, and sex are discussed. Theories of motivation include drive reduction theory and expectancy theory. Emotions are defined as affectively toned states of arousal. Theories of emotional response are explored. Gender differences in emotional expression are also covered.
Piaget's theory of cognitive development includes 4 stages:
1) Sensorimotor stage (birth to 2 years) - infants learn about the world through senses and physical interaction.
2) Preoperational stage (2 to 7 years) - children think intuitively but cannot perform logical operations.
3) Concrete operational stage (7 to 11 years) - children can think logically about concrete events.
4) Formal operational stage (11 to 15 years) - adolescents develop abstract thinking and can hypothesize.
There are several key characteristics of group formation:
1. Groups involve people who perceive themselves as a coherent unit distinct from other groups.
2. Groups can be common-bond or common-identity, depending on how members are linked to each other.
3. Important group characteristics include status hierarchies, roles that members take on, norms that guide behavior, and cohesiveness or bonding between members.
4. Theories of group formation examine how and why individuals come together into coherent social units.
The document discusses the importance of teamwork in mental healthcare. It notes that effective teamwork requires coordinated efforts from professionals in psychiatry, psychiatric nursing, clinical psychology, and psychiatric social work. Each discipline plays a vital role in assessing, diagnosing, treating, and rehabilitating patients. The document likens the team to an orchestra, where each member's individual contributions must be coordinated to achieve the overall goal of helping patients recover. It then provides more details on the roles of specific professionals that make up the core mental healthcare team.
Unresolved childhood attachment issues can lead to difficulties forming secure relationships as an adult. Patterns of attachment continue across generations, so adults with insecure attachments may struggle in relationships and in parenting. While attachment disorders in children are often treated successfully, adult attachment disorders are more complex and can be more difficult to treat. More recognition and treatment options are needed to help suffering adults form healthy attachments.
Introduction for positive behavioral support.MsAudra
This document provides an introduction to Positive Behavioral Support (PBS). It defines PBS as a process for understanding problem behaviors based on values and research. PBS considers all factors impacting a child's behavior and can address issues like aggression, tantrums, and social withdrawal. The essential steps of PBS include building a support team, person-centered planning, functional behavior assessment, developing a hypothesis, creating a behavior support plan, and monitoring outcomes. It emphasizes that PBS is a collaborative process used by many school systems to effectively address problem behaviors through prevention and teaching of replacement skills.
The document provides information about Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (PBIS). It discusses PBIS as a whole-program approach to establish social culture and behavioral supports to help children gain social-emotional and academic skills. The document outlines the objectives of the PBIS workshop, which are to describe the Pyramid Model framework for PBIS with young children and highlight strategies. It also discusses the historical foundations and goals of implementing PBIS in various settings.
Child psychology by Dr. Savitha Sathyaprasad.ALLWINPEDO
This document summarizes several major theories of child development, including psychodynamic, behavioral, and cognitive theories. It describes Freud's psychosexual stages including the id, ego, and superego. It also outlines Piaget's stages of cognitive development from sensorimotor to formal operations. Key theorists discussed include Freud, Erikson, Piaget, Pavlov, Skinner, and Bandura.
Erik Erikson's psycho-social theory of development outlines 8 stages of human development from infancy to late adulthood, with each stage involving a psychosocial crisis between two opposing emotional states. The stages involve developing basic virtues through resolving crises of trust vs mistrust in infancy, autonomy vs shame/doubt in early childhood, initiative vs guilt in preschool years, industry vs inferiority in school-age years, identity vs role confusion in adolescence, intimacy vs isolation in young adulthood, generativity vs stagnation in middle adulthood, and ego integrity vs despair in late adulthood. Erikson emphasized that transitioning between stages is overlapping and cultural/social factors influence development.
This chapter discusses several theories of cognitive and psychosocial development. It describes Piaget's theory that children progress through sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational stages of cognitive development defined by their ability to think logically. Vygotsky emphasized social learning and the zone of proximal development. Erikson described psychosocial stages from trust to integrity. Kohlberg outlined stages of moral development from obedience to universal ethics. While influential, Piaget's theory has been criticized for being too rigid in its stages and underestimating social influences on development.
This document provides an overview of child psychology presented by Dr. Shivani S. Singh. It defines key terms like child psychology, emotion, and behavior. It discusses the importance of understanding child psychology for dental care. Several theories of child development are explained, including psychoanalytic theory, psychosocial theory, classical conditioning theory, and social learning theory. The document focuses on Freud's psychodynamic theories including the psychic model of id, ego, and superego.
- Freud developed the psychoanalytic theory, which proposes that unconscious forces, especially sexual and aggressive drives, shape human behavior.
- He proposed three parts of the mind: the id, ego, and superego. The id operates based on the pleasure principle, the ego balances the id with reality, and the superego incorporates societal values and morals.
- Freud believed that early childhood experiences, especially relationships with parents, have a profound influence on personality development and mental health later in life. His theory focused on the importance of sexuality in psychological development.
This document provides an introduction to key concepts in psychology including:
- Freud's psychosexual stages of development and structural model of the mind (id, ego, superego).
- Erikson's psychosocial stages of development.
- Maslow's hierarchy of needs and humanistic theories of Rogers and how they can be applied in healthcare.
- Examples are given to illustrate concepts like transference and applying theories to case studies.
Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development proposes that personality develops in stages over the lifespan through social interactions. Each stage presents new challenges that can help or hinder the development of ego identity, which is one's conscious sense of self. Applying Erikson's theory in the classroom means creating an environment where children feel appreciated and comfortable learning without fear, and where they can master each developmental stage.
CHILD PSYCHOLOGY /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
OVERVIEW OF OBJECT RELATIONS AND ATTACHMENT THEORIESANCYBS
Object relations and attachment theories focus on the development of relationships in early childhood and their impact on future relationships. Margaret Mahler's separation-individuation theory describes stages from symbiosis to object constancy in the first 3 years. Heinz Kohut's self psychology emphasizes healthy development of self through mirroring, idealizing, and twinship transference. Melanie Klein's work describes the paranoid-schizoid and depressive positions in the first year through splitting and integration of good and bad objects. Winnicott and Bowlby further contributed to understanding the importance of a continuous caregiver relationship for healthy ego and attachment development.
This document summarizes key concepts from positive psychology, including resilience, flourishing, and their relationship. It discusses how resilience involves bouncing back from adversity through factors like strong values, social support, and optimism. Resilience can be taught through training programs. Flourishing goes beyond happiness to include PERMA dimensions: positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning and accomplishment. These dimensions are independently measurable and contribute to well-being. Flourishing involves living according to one's signature strengths and finding flow in challenging activities.
This document discusses emotional intelligence and emotion coaching. It defines emotional intelligence as the ability to identify and understand one's own emotions, use emotions during social interactions, use emotional awareness to solve problems, deal with frustration, control how emotions are expressed, and keep distress from overwhelming thinking. Emotion coaching is described as a parenting technique where parents accept children's emotions, use emotional moments to teach life lessons, build trust, and help children develop strategies to handle ups and downs. The benefits of emotion coaching include helping children regulate emotions, problem solve, focus attention, and have healthier relationships.
This document discusses motivation and emotion. It defines motivation as an internal state that causes behavior toward goals. Motivation is influenced by needs, instincts, and goals. Primary drives like hunger, thirst, sleep, and sex are discussed. Theories of motivation include drive reduction theory and expectancy theory. Emotions are defined as affectively toned states of arousal. Theories of emotional response are explored. Gender differences in emotional expression are also covered.
Piaget's theory of cognitive development includes 4 stages:
1) Sensorimotor stage (birth to 2 years) - infants learn about the world through senses and physical interaction.
2) Preoperational stage (2 to 7 years) - children think intuitively but cannot perform logical operations.
3) Concrete operational stage (7 to 11 years) - children can think logically about concrete events.
4) Formal operational stage (11 to 15 years) - adolescents develop abstract thinking and can hypothesize.
There are several key characteristics of group formation:
1. Groups involve people who perceive themselves as a coherent unit distinct from other groups.
2. Groups can be common-bond or common-identity, depending on how members are linked to each other.
3. Important group characteristics include status hierarchies, roles that members take on, norms that guide behavior, and cohesiveness or bonding between members.
4. Theories of group formation examine how and why individuals come together into coherent social units.
The document discusses the importance of teamwork in mental healthcare. It notes that effective teamwork requires coordinated efforts from professionals in psychiatry, psychiatric nursing, clinical psychology, and psychiatric social work. Each discipline plays a vital role in assessing, diagnosing, treating, and rehabilitating patients. The document likens the team to an orchestra, where each member's individual contributions must be coordinated to achieve the overall goal of helping patients recover. It then provides more details on the roles of specific professionals that make up the core mental healthcare team.
Unresolved childhood attachment issues can lead to difficulties forming secure relationships as an adult. Patterns of attachment continue across generations, so adults with insecure attachments may struggle in relationships and in parenting. While attachment disorders in children are often treated successfully, adult attachment disorders are more complex and can be more difficult to treat. More recognition and treatment options are needed to help suffering adults form healthy attachments.
Introduction for positive behavioral support.MsAudra
This document provides an introduction to Positive Behavioral Support (PBS). It defines PBS as a process for understanding problem behaviors based on values and research. PBS considers all factors impacting a child's behavior and can address issues like aggression, tantrums, and social withdrawal. The essential steps of PBS include building a support team, person-centered planning, functional behavior assessment, developing a hypothesis, creating a behavior support plan, and monitoring outcomes. It emphasizes that PBS is a collaborative process used by many school systems to effectively address problem behaviors through prevention and teaching of replacement skills.
The document provides information about Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (PBIS). It discusses PBIS as a whole-program approach to establish social culture and behavioral supports to help children gain social-emotional and academic skills. The document outlines the objectives of the PBIS workshop, which are to describe the Pyramid Model framework for PBIS with young children and highlight strategies. It also discusses the historical foundations and goals of implementing PBIS in various settings.
This document discusses best practices in positive behavior management for students. It outlines strategies like visual supports, social skills instruction, reinforcement systems, and prompt hierarchies. These positive and proactive interventions aim to maintain challenging behaviors by understanding their purpose while implementing evidence-based practices. The document also discusses using schedules to increase independence, reduce anxiety, and ensure predictability for students. Different types of schedules like object, tactile, picture, word, and mini are presented.
The document discusses establishing clear procedures and policies at a school. It outlines a 4 phase process for developing and implementing written procedures that include reviewing existing policies, revising them, adopting improvements, and maintaining the procedures. It provides principles for creating a safe and productive learning environment where students behave well and are engaged. Key aspects include the procedures being short, positive, focused on academics and social behaviors, and inclusive of all students and staff.
Strategies to Support Positive Behaviour in the ClassroomSpectronics
This document discusses strategies to support positive behavior in the classroom for students with autism or sensory challenges. It recommends using visual supports like schedules, timers, social stories and reward systems to enhance communication and help students understand expectations. Examples of visual tools that can be created with apps like Boardmaker are provided, along with tips for implementing visual supports consistently across environments.
Child and adolescence(socio emotional development)Iyah Alexander
The document discusses social, emotional, and psychological development from infancy through middle childhood. It covers Erikson's psychosocial stages of development and key influences at each age group. For infants, development depends on physiology and social interactions, while toddlers begin to develop autonomy and self-concept. Preschoolers work on initiative and moral understanding. During middle childhood, children focus on developing skills and can feel a sense of industry or inferiority depending on feedback.
CE 211 Psychosocial & Moral Development (Final).pptxAngelitoCorpuz2
This document discusses psychosocial and moral development in children. It covers:
1. The foundations of psychosocial development according to theorists like Erikson and Piaget.
2. The socio-emotional characteristics of young children at different developmental stages.
3. Factors that affect children's emotional behaviors like parenting styles, culture, peers, and genetics.
4. How psychosocial and moral development impact learning and the importance of supporting students' needs.
5. Issues related to psychosocial and moral development, including with children with special needs.
Managing Defiance with Self-regulation TrainingBrad Chapin
This document discusses managing defiance through self-regulation training. It provides an overview of oppositional and defiant behavior, noting that some level of it can be healthy but may become problematic if intense, aggressive or destructive. It then outlines a cognitive-behavioral framework for teaching children self-regulation skills to better manage their physical, emotional and cognitive responses. Specific strategies are proposed for each domain, like breathing exercises and labeling emotions. The document stresses using a consistent approach, understanding triggers, and engaging the child, parents and team to promote behavior change.
Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development describes 8 stages across the lifespan in which individuals face conflicts that influence their development of ego identity and competence. In each stage, successful resolution leads to the development of virtues like hope, will, and integrity. The stages involve conflicts between trust vs mistrust in infancy, autonomy vs shame in early childhood, and integrity vs despair in late adulthood. Erikson's theory emphasizes how social relationships and experiences shape personality development throughout life. While it provides a broad framework, it lacks details on exactly what experiences are needed to resolve conflicts and transition between stages.
Theories of personality development and its relevance to nursing practiceAashish Parihar
The document discusses several theories of personality development including psychoanalytic theory, Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, and their relevance to nursing practice. Erikson's theory proposes 8 stages of development from infancy to late adulthood centered around resolving crises of trust, autonomy, initiative, industry, identity and intimacy. Successful completion of each stage results in healthy development of ego qualities while struggles can lead to feelings of inadequacy. The theories provide frameworks to understand human growth and guide nursing care approaches.
Theories of life stages and human developmentlilipusion
This document summarizes several theories of human development, including Piaget's stages of cognitive development, Kohlberg's stages of moral development, Erikson's stages of psychosocial development, and Gilligan's stages of care ethics. It describes the key aspects of each theory, including the stages and impacts on education and society. Developmental psychologists use theories like these to understand influences on human behavior.
This document discusses the various stages of human development from birth through old age. It notes that at birth, infants possess certain reflexes that are necessary for survival like sucking and grasping. It then outlines 10 major stages of growth: pre-natal period, infancy, babyhood, early childhood, late childhood, puberty/preadolescence, adolescence, adulthood, middle age, and old age. For each stage, it discusses some key characteristics and developmental tasks. The document emphasizes that successfully completing the tasks for each stage prepares a person for the next stage of life.
Positive Cognitive States and Processes.pptxAQSA SHAHID
Positive Cognitive States and Processes:Resilience•Resilience-Thecapacitytowithstandexceptional stresses and demands without developing stress-related problems.
Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development describes 8 stages from infancy to late adulthood, where individuals face developmental crises that are resolved through social interactions. The stages involve developing trust vs mistrust as infants, autonomy vs shame/doubt as toddlers, initiative vs guilt as preschoolers, industry vs inferiority in school-age children, identity vs role confusion in adolescence, intimacy vs isolation in young adults, generativity vs stagnation in middle adulthood, and integrity vs despair in late adulthood.
The document discusses the development of self-concept from childhood to adulthood. It begins by defining self-concept and its key components, including self-esteem, identity, body image, and the influence of school, age, and adolescence. It then examines how self-concept develops through cognitive and social changes. The characteristics of a positive self-concept are described as self-confidence, acceptance of criticism, goal-setting, and risk-taking. Finally, it identifies several factors that can influence self-concept, such as media, appearance, abuse, relationships, and life experiences.
This document discusses moral agency and moral development. It defines morality as principles distinguishing right from wrong behavior. Moral agency refers to the ability to make moral judgments and be responsible for actions. The document outlines several theories of moral development, including those proposed by Freud, Kohlberg, and Bandura. It also discusses factors influencing moral development such as family, social, and religious influences. Moral development involves progressing through cognitive, emotional, and behavioral dimensions from childhood through adulthood.
The document discusses factors that influence attitude formation and change. It describes four main ways attitudes can be formed: mere exposure, associative learning, self-perception, and functional reasons. Attitudes can also change through self-perception, learning theories, cognitive dissonance, and persuasion. A key model for predicting behavior is the theory of planned behavior, which says behavioral intentions are influenced by attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control.
The document discusses the physical, cognitive, psychosocial, and emotional development of adolescents. During adolescence, teens experience rapid physical development including growth spurts and development of secondary sex characteristics. Cognitively, teens develop advanced reasoning, abstract thinking, and meta-cognition skills. Psychosocially, teens establish their identity, autonomy, intimacy, sexuality, and achievement. Emotional development involves learning to perceive, assess, and manage emotions. Support from family and understanding adolescent development are important for healthy development.
1. Self-esteem develops as children initially meet behavioral standards and feel pride, but later internalize standards into their self-concept, so conflicts lower self-esteem.
2. Self-esteem comprises positive and negative reactions to one's various self-concept areas like appearance, abilities, and social skills, which are moderately correlated.
3. While criticism negatively impacts low self-esteem people, high self-esteem individuals withstand it by focusing on other strengths or considering failure an isolated mistake.
The document discusses various theories and mechanisms related to attitude formation and change. It describes four main ways attitudes can be formed: mere exposure, associative learning, self-perception, and functional reasons. Attitude change can occur through self-perception, learning theory, cognitive dissonance, and persuasion. The theory of planned behavior model proposes that attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control influence behavioral intentions and actual behaviors.
Psychologica /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
This document discusses cognitive, emotional, and social development from childhood through adulthood based on theories from Freud, Erickson, and Piaget. It describes key stages of development including trust vs mistrust in infancy, autonomy vs shame and doubt in toddlers, initiative vs guilt in preschoolers, industry vs inferiority in school-aged children, identity vs role confusion in adolescence, intimacy vs isolation in young adults, and integrity vs despair in late adulthood. It also outlines Piaget's stages of cognitive development from sensorimotor to concrete to formal operational thought. Dental considerations are discussed for each developmental period.
The document discusses several theories of child development, including:
1. Psychosocial Development Theory by Erik Erikson which describes 8 stages of social development from infancy to late adulthood.
2. Psycho-Sexual Development Theory by Sigmund Freud which proposes 5 stages of libido/sexual development from oral to genital stages.
3. Intellectual Development Theory by Jean Piaget which outlines 4 stages of cognitive development from sensorimotor to formal operations.
The document provides details on the key concepts, stages, and theorists behind several influential theories of child growth and development.
4. Positive Behavioral Supports What Is The Goal Of Positive Behavioral Supports? Behavioral Psychology 101 Cognitive Theory of Development Cognitive theory is concerned with the development of a person's thought processes. It also looks at how these thought processes influence how we understand and interact with the world. The foremost cognitive thinker was Jean Piaget. Cognitive development involves changes in cognitive process and abilities. In Piaget’s view, early cognitive development involves processes based upon actions and later progresses into changes in mental operations. Why do people behave the way they do?
5. Positive Behavioral Supports What Is The Goal Of Positive Behavioral Supports? Why do people behave the way they do? Behavioral Psychology 101 Cognitive Theory of Development Key Concepts Schemas – A child may have a schema about a type of animal, such as a dog. If the child’s sole experience has been with small dogs, a child might believe that all dogs are small, furry, and have four legs. Suppose then that the child encounters a very large dog. The child will take in this new information, modifying the previously existing schema to include this new information.
6. Positive Behavioral Supports What Is The Goal Of Positive Behavioral Supports? Why do people behave the way they do? Behavioral Psychology 101 Cognitive Theory of Development Key Concepts Assimilation – The process of taking in new information into our previously existing schema’s is known as assimilation. In the previous example, seeing a dog and labeling it “dog” is an example of assimilating the animal into the child’s dog schema. Accommodation – Another part of adaptation involves changing or altering our existing schemas in light of new information, a process known as accommodation. Accommodation involves altering existing schemas, or ideas, as a result of new information or new experiences. New schemas may also be developed during this process.
7. Positive Behavioral Supports What Is The Goal Of Positive Behavioral Supports? Why do people behave the way they do? Behavioral Psychology 101 Psychosocial Development One of the main elements of Erik Erikson’s psychosocial stage theory is the development of ego identity. Ego identity is the conscious sense of self that we develop through social interaction. According to Erikson, our ego identity is constantly changing due to new experience and information we acquire in our daily interactions with others. In addition to ego identity, Erikson also believed that a sense of competence also motivates behaviors and actions. Each stage in Erikson’s theory is concerned with becoming competent in an area of life. If the stage is handled well, the person will feel a sense of mastery, which he sometimes referred to as ego strength or ego quality. If the stage is managed poorly, the person will emerge with a sense of inadequacy.
8. Positive Behavioral Supports What Is The Goal Of Positive Behavioral Supports? Why do people behave the way they do? Behavioral Psychology 101 Psychosocial Development Psychosocial Stage 1 - Trust vs. Mistrust The first stage of Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development occurs between birth and one year of age and is the most fundamental stage in life. Because an infant is utterly dependent, the development of trust is based on the dependability and quality of the child’s caregivers. If a child successfully develops trust, he or she will feel safe and secure in the world. Caregivers who are inconsistent, emotionally unavailable, or rejecting contribute to feelings of mistrust in the children they care for. Failure to develop trust will result in fear and a belief that the world is inconsistent and unpredictable.
9. Positive Behavioral Supports What Is The Goal Of Positive Behavioral Supports? Why do people behave the way they do? Behavioral Psychology 101 Psychosocial Development Psychosocial Stage 2 - Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt The second stage of Erikson's theory of psychosocial development takes place during early childhood and is focused on children developing a greater sense of personal control. Like Freud, Erikson believed that toilet training was a vital part of this process. However, Erikson's reasoning was quite different then that of Freud's. Erikson believe that learning to control one’s body functions leads to a feeling of control and a sense of independence. Other important events include gaining more control over food choices, toy preferences, and clothing selection. Children who successfully complete this stage feel secure and confident, while those who do not are left with a sense of inadequacy and self-doubt
10. Positive Behavioral Supports What Is The Goal Of Positive Behavioral Supports? Why do people behave the way they do? Behavioral Psychology 101 Psychosocial Development Psychosocial Stage 3 - Initiative vs. Guilt During the preschool years, children begin to assert their power and control over the world through directing play and other social interaction. Children who are successful at this stage feel capable and able to lead others. Those who fail to acquire these skills are left with a sense of guilt, self-doubt and lack of initiative
11. Positive Behavioral Supports What Is The Goal Of Positive Behavioral Supports? Why do people behave the way they do? Behavioral Psychology 101 Psychosocial Development Psychosocial Stage 4 - Industry vs. Inferiority This stage covers the early school years from approximately age 5 to 11. Through social interactions, children begin to develop a sense of pride in their accomplishments and abilities. Children who are encouraged and commended by parents and teachers develop a feeling of competence and belief in their skills. Those who receive little or no encouragement from parents, teachers, or peers will doubt their ability to be successful.
12. Positive Behavioral Supports What Is The Goal Of Positive Behavioral Supports? Why do people behave the way they do? Behavioral Psychology 101 Psychosocial Development Psychosocial Stage 5 - Identity vs. Confusion During adolescence, children are exploring their independence and developing a sense of self. Those who receive proper encouragement and reinforcement through personal exploration will emerge from this stage with a strong sense of self and a feeling of independence and control. Those who remain unsure of their beliefs and desires will feel insecure and confused about themselves and the future.
13. Positive Behavioral Supports What Is The Goal Of Positive Behavioral Supports? Why do people behave the way they do? Behavioral Psychology 101 Psychosocial Development Psychosocial Stage 6 - Intimacy vs. Isolation This stage covers the period of early adulthood when people are exploring personal relationships. Erikson believed it was vital that people develop close, committed relationships with other people. Those who are successful at this step will develop relationships that are committed and secure. Remember that each step builds on skills learned in previous steps. Erikson believed that a strong sense of personal identity was important to developing intimate relationships. Studies have demonstrated that those with a poor sense of self tend to have less committed relationships and are more likely to suffer emotional isolation, loneliness, and depression.
14. Positive Behavioral Supports What Is The Goal Of Positive Behavioral Supports? Why do people behave the way they do? Behavioral Psychology 101 Psychosocial Development Psychosocial Stage 8 - Integrity vs. Despair This phase occurs during old age and is focused on reflecting back on life. Those who are unsuccessful during this phase will feel that their life has been wasted and will experience many regrets. The individual will be left with feelings of bitterness and despair. Those who feel proud of their accomplishments will feel a sense of integrity. Successfully completing this phase means looking back with few regrets and a general feeling of satisfaction. These individuals will attain wisdom, even when confronting death.
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16. Positive Behavioral Supports What Is The Goal Of Positive Behavioral Supports? Why do people behave the way they do? Behavioral Psychology 101 Classical Conditioning Have you ever heard someone compare something to "Pavlov's dogs" and wondered exactly what the reference means? The phrase refers to an accidental discovery by physiologist Ivan Pavlov, who found that dogs could be conditioned to salivate to the sound of a bell. This process, known as classical conditioning, became a fundamental part of behavioral psychology.
17. Positive Behavioral Supports What Is The Goal Of Positive Behavioral Supports? Why do people behave the way they do? Behavioral Psychology 101 Operant Conditioning In addition to conditioning natural responses through association, behaviorist B.F. Skinner described a process in which learning could occur through reinforcement and punishment. This process, known as operant conditioning, functions by forming an association between a behavior and the consequences of the behavior.
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Editor's Notes
Obviously, individuals with a developmental disability, have impaired cognitive development. As a result, their ability to assimilate and accommodate new information may be somewhat or severely limited. As support staff, we need to remember this fact as we set our expectations of individuals – their ability to follow multi-step directions, their ability to learn and remember new independent living skills and pro-social skills.
In classical conditioning, the unconditioned stimulus is one that unconditionally, naturally, and automatically triggers a response. For example, when you smell one of your favorite foods, you may immediately feel very hungry. In this example, the smell of the food is the unconditioned stimulus. The unconditioned response is the unlearned response that occurs naturally in response to the unconditioned stimulus. For example, if the smell of food is the unconditioned stimulus, the feeling of hunger in response to the smell of food is the unconditioned response. The conditioned stimulus is previously neutral stimulus that, after becoming associated with the unconditioned stimulus, eventually comes to trigger a conditioned response. For example, suppose that the smell of food is an unconditioned stimulus and a feeling of hunger is the unconditioned response. Now, imagine that when you smelled your favorite food, you also heard the sound of a whistle. While the whistle is unrelated to the smell of the food, if the sound of the whistle was paired multiple times with the smell, the sound would eventually trigger the conditioned response. In this case, the sound of the whistle is the conditioned stimulus. The conditioned response is the learned response to the previously neutral stimulus. For example, let's suppose that the smell of food is an unconditioned stimulus, a feeling of hunger in response to the smell is a unconditioned response, and a the sound of a whistle is the conditioned stimulus. The conditioned response would be feeling hungry when you heard the sound of the whistle.
Notice how one arm goes over the other with it's hand tucked under it's biceps (upper arm). At the same time, the hand of the lower arm has it's hand resting on top of the biceps of the other limb.
Serve The Same Purpose – communicate frustration, anxiety, fear, desire, pain, etc Payoff/Reinforcement – provide a benefit to the individual (alleviate anxiety, task avoidance, provide attention, provide sexual gratification, etc.) As Soon or Sooner – payoff/reinforcement is time-dependent. If payoff/reinforcement will take too long, the individual’s frustration or anxiety will escalate which means, in their mind, the replacement behavior isn’t as effective as the challenging behavior – it doesn’t get them what they want. As Much or More - payoff/reinforcement is intensity-dependent. If payoff/reinforcement does not have the same emotional satisfaction, the individual’s frustration or anxiety will escalate which means, in their mind, the replacement behavior isn’t as effective as the challenging behavior – it make them feel like they want. Just As Easy or Easier - payoff/reinforcement is effort-dependent. If payoff/reinforcement is too hard, the individual’s frustration or anxiety will escalate which means, in their mind, the replacement behavior isn’t as effective as the challenging behavior.
After presenting this slide, review the handout, “ Functional Assessment and Positive Behavioral Support Plan ” for Joe Consumer: Psychological & Psychosocial Assessments (Pages 1-3) Diagnoses Rationale for Interventions Long Term Goals & Short Term Objectives Functional Analysis of Behaviors Strengths & Assets Challenging Behaviors, Reinforcements, Pro-Social Skills (Pages 6-9) Positive Targeted Behaviors Behaviors of Concern and Definitions Functional Analysis of Behaviors of Concern Intervention Approaches/Strategies (Pages 9-12)
Gentle Teaching – if the individuals don’t feel safe (fear, anxiety), they won’t feel loved (loneliness) – which means they won’t be loving toward others, which means they won’t be able to feel fully engaged in their community Active Listening Proactive – make time each day to talk with the individual in order to develop a relationship with them and to show them you care Reactive – sit down with them, give them your full attention, listen to what they’re saying with their words, their body language, their actions (remember that challenging behavior is communication), repeat what they said back to them so they know you are listening Validation – validate their feelings, let them know it’s ok to be angry, anxious, upset, depressed. You don’t have to agree with the way they feel or the way they’re expressing their feelings – just let them know you understand they feel the way they do. Positive Attribution – our goal is the reinforce the individual’s pro-social skills by praising them and providing them with extra, positive attention when they display these skills. Use the PBS terminology consistently to hammer home the point – “I really like that you didn’t interrupt Brian while he was talking. You’re definitely a “responsible guy.” I’m proud of you!”