This document discusses several theories of child psychology relevant to understanding child dental patients. It summarizes Sigmund Freud's psychodynamic theory which proposes that personality develops through satisfaction of instincts, especially sexual instincts, during psychosexual stages from infancy through adolescence. Jean Piaget's cognitive theory views cognitive development as resulting from interactions between children and their environments. Erik Erikson described psychosocial stages that influence personality development. Classical and operant conditioning theories by Ivan Pavlov and B.F. Skinner explain how behaviors are learned and reinforced. Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs proposes that basic needs must be met before higher-level growth can occur. Albert Bandura's social learning theory posits that people learn from observing and modeling