This document provides an analysis of subway/metro planning diagrams around the world with the goal of determining development prospects for the Kharkiv rapid transit network in Ukraine. It begins by classifying the major types of subway planning schemes, such as radial, circular, rectangular, and combined models. It then rates the networks of 20 major cities based on the total number of stations, length of ring lines, and other performance metrics. Several case studies of auxiliary elements like isolated circles, pan-shaped loops, and inclinational spirals are also examined. The document concludes by comparing the trip price and cost as a percentage of minimum monthly salary for several global cities to provide a benchmark for Kharkiv's system. The analysis aims to identify
Indian Railways Surveying (RECT, PECT and FLS)Saksham Bhutani
This document discusses types of surveys conducted for proposed railway projects in India. It begins by outlining the reasons new railway lines may be proposed, such as strategic needs, linking trade centers, or connecting ports to interior regions.
It then describes the three main types of surveys: RECT (Reconnaissance Engineering cum Traffic Survey) involves rough investigations to determine feasibility; PECT (Preliminary Engineering cum Traffic Survey) includes more detailed instrumental examination; and FLS (Final Location Survey) stakes out the final alignment.
The document provides guidelines for each type of survey, including aspects to study like soil conditions, hydraulic structures, electrical and telephone lines. It also discusses preparing survey reports, maps, estimates and recommendations to determine
The document discusses reasons for laying new railway lines and the process of railway surveys. It outlines six main reasons for proposing new railway lines: 1) strategic connections, 2) linking trade centers, 3) connecting ports to inland areas, 4) shortening existing routes, 5) laying branch lines, and 6) developing undeveloped areas. It then describes the three main types of railway surveys - reconnaissance, preliminary, and location surveys - conducted to determine the optimal route. The reconnaissance survey gathers initial data, preliminary survey evaluates alternative routes, and location survey establishes the final track centerline.
The document discusses various elements of highway geometric design including cross-section elements, sight distance considerations, horizontal and vertical alignment details, and intersection elements. It provides guidelines for elements like pavement width, super elevation, horizontal curve radius, and transition curves based on factors such as design speed, terrain, and traffic volume. The key objectives of geometric design elements are to ensure safety, comfort, and efficient traffic flow.
Unit 1:- HIGHWAY DEVELOPMENT AND PLANNINGRNRANGANATH
1. The document discusses highway development and planning in India, beginning with the Jayakar committee report of 1927 which recommended long-term planning, dedicated funding through fuel taxes, and establishing advisory and research bodies.
2. It then covers the necessity of highway planning to develop an efficient and cost-effective road network, and classifications of roads based on factors like weather conditions, location, traffic volume, and urban/rural distinctions.
3. The document also outlines the engineering surveys involved in road alignment projects, including map studies, reconnaissance, preliminary surveys, and final location and detailed surveys to determine the optimal route.
Highway planning and alignment: Different modes of transportation – historical Development of road construction- Highway Development in India –Classification of roads- Road pattern
– Highway planning in India- Highway alignment - Engineering Surveys for alignment – Highway Project- Important Transport/Highway related agencies in India. PMGSY project.
Introduction about IRC, NRRDA
Railway Engineering by Sharda UniversityFatila Carrol
This document provides an overview of the Transportation Engineering II course, including topics that will be covered such as railway geometric design, station and yard design, airport and harbor engineering. It also discusses the Indian railway system in detail, including its history, organization structure, types of tracks and their lengths, components of the permanent way, and requirements of an ideal railway track. Key concepts like railway gauges, rolling stock, locomotives, and technical terms are defined.
This document discusses the different types of surveys conducted for engineering and construction of new railway lines. It describes traffic surveys to determine potential routes and traffic. Reconnaissance surveys provide a preliminary analysis of feasibility and costs. Preliminary surveys further examine viable routes to estimate costs. Final location surveys fully stake the chosen alignment and produce detailed plans and drawings for construction. The goal of these successive surveys is to carefully evaluate needs, alternatives, costs and technical specifications before undertaking the capital-intensive process of building new railway infrastructure.
2.1 HIGHWAY TRANSPORTATION : HIGHWAY PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT (TRE) 3150611 GTUVATSAL PATEL
Introduction: Highway planning and development in India, Classification of Rural and Urban roads, Highway alignment and surveys, Preparation of Detailed Project Report
Indian Railways Surveying (RECT, PECT and FLS)Saksham Bhutani
This document discusses types of surveys conducted for proposed railway projects in India. It begins by outlining the reasons new railway lines may be proposed, such as strategic needs, linking trade centers, or connecting ports to interior regions.
It then describes the three main types of surveys: RECT (Reconnaissance Engineering cum Traffic Survey) involves rough investigations to determine feasibility; PECT (Preliminary Engineering cum Traffic Survey) includes more detailed instrumental examination; and FLS (Final Location Survey) stakes out the final alignment.
The document provides guidelines for each type of survey, including aspects to study like soil conditions, hydraulic structures, electrical and telephone lines. It also discusses preparing survey reports, maps, estimates and recommendations to determine
The document discusses reasons for laying new railway lines and the process of railway surveys. It outlines six main reasons for proposing new railway lines: 1) strategic connections, 2) linking trade centers, 3) connecting ports to inland areas, 4) shortening existing routes, 5) laying branch lines, and 6) developing undeveloped areas. It then describes the three main types of railway surveys - reconnaissance, preliminary, and location surveys - conducted to determine the optimal route. The reconnaissance survey gathers initial data, preliminary survey evaluates alternative routes, and location survey establishes the final track centerline.
The document discusses various elements of highway geometric design including cross-section elements, sight distance considerations, horizontal and vertical alignment details, and intersection elements. It provides guidelines for elements like pavement width, super elevation, horizontal curve radius, and transition curves based on factors such as design speed, terrain, and traffic volume. The key objectives of geometric design elements are to ensure safety, comfort, and efficient traffic flow.
Unit 1:- HIGHWAY DEVELOPMENT AND PLANNINGRNRANGANATH
1. The document discusses highway development and planning in India, beginning with the Jayakar committee report of 1927 which recommended long-term planning, dedicated funding through fuel taxes, and establishing advisory and research bodies.
2. It then covers the necessity of highway planning to develop an efficient and cost-effective road network, and classifications of roads based on factors like weather conditions, location, traffic volume, and urban/rural distinctions.
3. The document also outlines the engineering surveys involved in road alignment projects, including map studies, reconnaissance, preliminary surveys, and final location and detailed surveys to determine the optimal route.
Highway planning and alignment: Different modes of transportation – historical Development of road construction- Highway Development in India –Classification of roads- Road pattern
– Highway planning in India- Highway alignment - Engineering Surveys for alignment – Highway Project- Important Transport/Highway related agencies in India. PMGSY project.
Introduction about IRC, NRRDA
Railway Engineering by Sharda UniversityFatila Carrol
This document provides an overview of the Transportation Engineering II course, including topics that will be covered such as railway geometric design, station and yard design, airport and harbor engineering. It also discusses the Indian railway system in detail, including its history, organization structure, types of tracks and their lengths, components of the permanent way, and requirements of an ideal railway track. Key concepts like railway gauges, rolling stock, locomotives, and technical terms are defined.
This document discusses the different types of surveys conducted for engineering and construction of new railway lines. It describes traffic surveys to determine potential routes and traffic. Reconnaissance surveys provide a preliminary analysis of feasibility and costs. Preliminary surveys further examine viable routes to estimate costs. Final location surveys fully stake the chosen alignment and produce detailed plans and drawings for construction. The goal of these successive surveys is to carefully evaluate needs, alternatives, costs and technical specifications before undertaking the capital-intensive process of building new railway infrastructure.
2.1 HIGHWAY TRANSPORTATION : HIGHWAY PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT (TRE) 3150611 GTUVATSAL PATEL
Introduction: Highway planning and development in India, Classification of Rural and Urban roads, Highway alignment and surveys, Preparation of Detailed Project Report
This document provides an overview of the Transportation Engineering II course syllabus and discusses various topics that will be covered, including railway geometric design, station and yard design, airport engineering, and harbor and dock engineering. It also summarizes key concepts related to permanent way design, including subgrade, formation, embankment, track drainage, rails, rail fastenings, sleepers, and ballast. Modern trends in rail such as MAGLEV, tube, and metro rail systems are also introduced.
This document provides an overview of highway engineering and transportation planning in India. It discusses the historical development of roads in India from ancient times to the present. It outlines several major committees and plans that have guided road development, including the Jayakar Committee (1927), Central Road Fund (1929), National Highway Act (1956), and the Nagpur, Bombay, and Lucknow Road Development Plans. It also covers classifications of roads, common road patterns used in planning, and the formulas and factors considered in the major road plans to determine the optimal lengths of national highways, state highways, and other road categories.
Railway engineering deals with the design, construction, and maintenance of railway tracks to allow for the safe and efficient movement of trains. It includes surveying land for tracks, choosing materials for tracks, designing track layouts and geometries, implementing signaling systems, and constructing stations and yards. Railways are necessary as they provide a low-cost way to transport large volumes of goods and people over long distances, helping industries, economic development, and social connections. Careful planning is required when developing railway systems, considering route selection, ground conditions, environmental impacts, and engineering feasibility.
This document discusses the key elements of highway engineering and road cross-sections. It defines elements such as the carriageway, formation width, right of way, shoulders, side slopes, berms, boundary stones, side drains, building lines, control lines, spoil banks, borrow pits, and kerbs. The carriageway is the paved area for vehicles, and formation width is the top width of the highway embankment excluding side drains. Right of way is the acquired land along the road alignment, and shoulders provide an emergency lane. Side slopes involve the angles of cuts and fills, while berms and boundary stones define edges. Drains remove rainwater, and setback lines control construction. Spoil banks and
The document discusses the history and development of transportation and roads. It covers:
- The early development of roads dating back thousands of years and their importance for trade and transporting goods.
- Key aspects of Roman road construction including their straight design with no gradients.
- The development of roads in India including the establishment of the Public Works Department in 1865 and various committees and acts that helped develop road infrastructure over the 20th century.
- Different road patterns including rectangular, radial/star, circular and grid patterns along with their advantages and limitations.
The document discusses different methods of classifying roads based on various factors such as weather conditions, surface material, location, function, and traffic. Roads are generally classified as all-weather or fair-weather depending on seasonal access. They can also be paved or unpaved based on surface material. Location and function is considered the most acceptable classification method, dividing roads into national highways, state highways, major district roads, other district roads, and village roads. Urban roads are additionally classified as arterial, sub-arterial, collector, and local streets. Road patterns are discussed including rectangular, radial, hexagonal, and combinations of radial and grid designs.
The document outlines the syllabus for a course on highway and railway engineering. It covers topics such as highway planning and alignment, geometric design of highways, pavement design, basics of railway engineering, and advanced railway topics. The course examines factors in transportation development and methods for designing efficient road and rail infrastructure networks.
This document provides a literature review of models for representing vehicle behavior in heterogeneous traffic conditions. It discusses lane changing models, acceleration models like car-following models, and other models. It notes that existing models have limitations in applicability and effectiveness for modeling traffic in developing countries where lane discipline is not followed. The objective of this thesis is to develop a rickshaw behavior model to represent rickshaw movement patterns in heterogeneous traffic conditions.
Location survey for the Rural and urban areasRana Ibrahim
The document discusses location surveys that are carried out in rural and urban areas for transportation engineering projects. In rural areas, location surveys typically involve three stages - reconnaissance survey, preliminary line survey, and location survey. These aim to evaluate feasible routes and select the best route. In urban areas, the reconnaissance and preliminary surveys are often combined due to the complex environment. Final location surveys in both rural and urban areas precisely establish the project centerline and collect physical data needed for construction plans.
Alignment: The position or the layout of the central line of the highway on the ground is called the alignment.
Highway Alignment includes both
a) Horizontal alignment includes straight and curved paths, the deviations and horizontal curves.
b) Vertical alignment includes changes in level, gradients and vertical curves.
The document discusses the planning and design of a road project connecting two locations. It defines key terms like road and modes of transport. It outlines the necessity of road transport for movement of people and goods. The main components of a road project are surveys, preparation of maps, road alignment, and earthworks. It provides details on types of surveys, maps, factors considered for alignment, and earthwork operations and computations. Further, it discusses concepts like road gradient, curves, and design of vertical and summit curves. It also includes a sample design of pavement cross-section.
The document discusses the classification of roads according to location, importance, traffic, and tonnage. Roads are classified based on whether they are national highways, state highways, major district roads, other district roads, or village roads. They are also classified into categories based on the importance of connecting stations, holy places, and historical places. Additionally, roads are classified by traffic carried per day and tonnage carried per day. The document concludes by mentioning the organization of state highway departments.
Alignment of railway line refers to the direction and position given to the centre line of the railway track on the ground in the horizontal and vertical planes.
The document outlines India's second 20-year road plan from 1961-1981. It aimed to expand the country's road network to over 10.5 million km by 1981. The plan categorized roads into 5 types - national highways, state highways, major district roads, other district roads, and village roads. It also provided formulas to calculate the expected road length in each category based on factors like the area's development level and number of towns by population size.
This document provides an introduction to highway engineering. It defines highway engineering as the branch of transportation engineering dealing with design, construction, and maintenance of roads. It outlines the importance of highways for transportation, economic development, and national defense. The document then summarizes the history of highway development in India from pre-historic footpaths to the current large network of national highways and rural roads under development.
This document contains a question bank for the subject Transportation Engineering II covering Railway Engineering, Docks and Harbour Engineering, and Airport Engineering from Noorul Islam University, Kumaracoil Department of Civil Engineering. It includes 20 multiple choice questions related to railway planning, design, track construction, maintenance, and operation. The questions cover topics like advantages of railways, railway gauges, factors affecting gauge selection, railway components like ballast and sleepers, and railway infrastructure elements like points, crossings, and yards.
This document provides an overview of topics to be covered related to transportation engineering, including highway engineering, railway engineering, airport engineering, and harbor engineering. The document outlines topics such as highway planning and design, pavement design, highway construction materials and methods, pavement evaluation and management, and railway geometry design. It also discusses components and planning of airports and harbors. The document lists textbooks and references for further reading. The document is presented by Prathibaa.K, an assistant professor from the Department of Civil Engineering at Karunya University in Coimbatore, India.
encuesta en EU Profile (http://www.euprofiler.eu/) de cerosalaizquierda que la ubica políticamente en un eje de coordenadas y lo compara con los partidos que se presentan en España y en Europa
The document discusses rate-adaptive video multicast in wireless networks. It proposes a new protocol called QDM that can provide differentiated video quality to heterogeneous clients based on their channel conditions. QDM constructs cluster-based structures to characterize client heterogeneity and adapts the transmission bitrate based on video quality feedback from cluster heads. Simulation results show QDM can efficiently adapt to network dynamics and variable video bitrates, achieving an average gain of 2-5 dB in video quality compared to leader-based approaches.
This document provides an overview of the Transportation Engineering II course syllabus and discusses various topics that will be covered, including railway geometric design, station and yard design, airport engineering, and harbor and dock engineering. It also summarizes key concepts related to permanent way design, including subgrade, formation, embankment, track drainage, rails, rail fastenings, sleepers, and ballast. Modern trends in rail such as MAGLEV, tube, and metro rail systems are also introduced.
This document provides an overview of highway engineering and transportation planning in India. It discusses the historical development of roads in India from ancient times to the present. It outlines several major committees and plans that have guided road development, including the Jayakar Committee (1927), Central Road Fund (1929), National Highway Act (1956), and the Nagpur, Bombay, and Lucknow Road Development Plans. It also covers classifications of roads, common road patterns used in planning, and the formulas and factors considered in the major road plans to determine the optimal lengths of national highways, state highways, and other road categories.
Railway engineering deals with the design, construction, and maintenance of railway tracks to allow for the safe and efficient movement of trains. It includes surveying land for tracks, choosing materials for tracks, designing track layouts and geometries, implementing signaling systems, and constructing stations and yards. Railways are necessary as they provide a low-cost way to transport large volumes of goods and people over long distances, helping industries, economic development, and social connections. Careful planning is required when developing railway systems, considering route selection, ground conditions, environmental impacts, and engineering feasibility.
This document discusses the key elements of highway engineering and road cross-sections. It defines elements such as the carriageway, formation width, right of way, shoulders, side slopes, berms, boundary stones, side drains, building lines, control lines, spoil banks, borrow pits, and kerbs. The carriageway is the paved area for vehicles, and formation width is the top width of the highway embankment excluding side drains. Right of way is the acquired land along the road alignment, and shoulders provide an emergency lane. Side slopes involve the angles of cuts and fills, while berms and boundary stones define edges. Drains remove rainwater, and setback lines control construction. Spoil banks and
The document discusses the history and development of transportation and roads. It covers:
- The early development of roads dating back thousands of years and their importance for trade and transporting goods.
- Key aspects of Roman road construction including their straight design with no gradients.
- The development of roads in India including the establishment of the Public Works Department in 1865 and various committees and acts that helped develop road infrastructure over the 20th century.
- Different road patterns including rectangular, radial/star, circular and grid patterns along with their advantages and limitations.
The document discusses different methods of classifying roads based on various factors such as weather conditions, surface material, location, function, and traffic. Roads are generally classified as all-weather or fair-weather depending on seasonal access. They can also be paved or unpaved based on surface material. Location and function is considered the most acceptable classification method, dividing roads into national highways, state highways, major district roads, other district roads, and village roads. Urban roads are additionally classified as arterial, sub-arterial, collector, and local streets. Road patterns are discussed including rectangular, radial, hexagonal, and combinations of radial and grid designs.
The document outlines the syllabus for a course on highway and railway engineering. It covers topics such as highway planning and alignment, geometric design of highways, pavement design, basics of railway engineering, and advanced railway topics. The course examines factors in transportation development and methods for designing efficient road and rail infrastructure networks.
This document provides a literature review of models for representing vehicle behavior in heterogeneous traffic conditions. It discusses lane changing models, acceleration models like car-following models, and other models. It notes that existing models have limitations in applicability and effectiveness for modeling traffic in developing countries where lane discipline is not followed. The objective of this thesis is to develop a rickshaw behavior model to represent rickshaw movement patterns in heterogeneous traffic conditions.
Location survey for the Rural and urban areasRana Ibrahim
The document discusses location surveys that are carried out in rural and urban areas for transportation engineering projects. In rural areas, location surveys typically involve three stages - reconnaissance survey, preliminary line survey, and location survey. These aim to evaluate feasible routes and select the best route. In urban areas, the reconnaissance and preliminary surveys are often combined due to the complex environment. Final location surveys in both rural and urban areas precisely establish the project centerline and collect physical data needed for construction plans.
Alignment: The position or the layout of the central line of the highway on the ground is called the alignment.
Highway Alignment includes both
a) Horizontal alignment includes straight and curved paths, the deviations and horizontal curves.
b) Vertical alignment includes changes in level, gradients and vertical curves.
The document discusses the planning and design of a road project connecting two locations. It defines key terms like road and modes of transport. It outlines the necessity of road transport for movement of people and goods. The main components of a road project are surveys, preparation of maps, road alignment, and earthworks. It provides details on types of surveys, maps, factors considered for alignment, and earthwork operations and computations. Further, it discusses concepts like road gradient, curves, and design of vertical and summit curves. It also includes a sample design of pavement cross-section.
The document discusses the classification of roads according to location, importance, traffic, and tonnage. Roads are classified based on whether they are national highways, state highways, major district roads, other district roads, or village roads. They are also classified into categories based on the importance of connecting stations, holy places, and historical places. Additionally, roads are classified by traffic carried per day and tonnage carried per day. The document concludes by mentioning the organization of state highway departments.
Alignment of railway line refers to the direction and position given to the centre line of the railway track on the ground in the horizontal and vertical planes.
The document outlines India's second 20-year road plan from 1961-1981. It aimed to expand the country's road network to over 10.5 million km by 1981. The plan categorized roads into 5 types - national highways, state highways, major district roads, other district roads, and village roads. It also provided formulas to calculate the expected road length in each category based on factors like the area's development level and number of towns by population size.
This document provides an introduction to highway engineering. It defines highway engineering as the branch of transportation engineering dealing with design, construction, and maintenance of roads. It outlines the importance of highways for transportation, economic development, and national defense. The document then summarizes the history of highway development in India from pre-historic footpaths to the current large network of national highways and rural roads under development.
This document contains a question bank for the subject Transportation Engineering II covering Railway Engineering, Docks and Harbour Engineering, and Airport Engineering from Noorul Islam University, Kumaracoil Department of Civil Engineering. It includes 20 multiple choice questions related to railway planning, design, track construction, maintenance, and operation. The questions cover topics like advantages of railways, railway gauges, factors affecting gauge selection, railway components like ballast and sleepers, and railway infrastructure elements like points, crossings, and yards.
This document provides an overview of topics to be covered related to transportation engineering, including highway engineering, railway engineering, airport engineering, and harbor engineering. The document outlines topics such as highway planning and design, pavement design, highway construction materials and methods, pavement evaluation and management, and railway geometry design. It also discusses components and planning of airports and harbors. The document lists textbooks and references for further reading. The document is presented by Prathibaa.K, an assistant professor from the Department of Civil Engineering at Karunya University in Coimbatore, India.
encuesta en EU Profile (http://www.euprofiler.eu/) de cerosalaizquierda que la ubica políticamente en un eje de coordenadas y lo compara con los partidos que se presentan en España y en Europa
The document discusses rate-adaptive video multicast in wireless networks. It proposes a new protocol called QDM that can provide differentiated video quality to heterogeneous clients based on their channel conditions. QDM constructs cluster-based structures to characterize client heterogeneity and adapts the transmission bitrate based on video quality feedback from cluster heads. Simulation results show QDM can efficiently adapt to network dynamics and variable video bitrates, achieving an average gain of 2-5 dB in video quality compared to leader-based approaches.
The document discusses the history and development of Bombay (now Mumbai) as a major trading center. It details how the city emerged as an important port city under Portuguese and British rule in the late 17th/18th centuries. By the mid-19th century, Bombay saw significant economic and educational growth, driven mainly by the cotton trade and infrastructure developments like railways. However, the American Civil War led to a speculative boom and bust cycle that caused economic turmoil in Bombay by 1865. The city was later able to recover through greater government involvement and a shift to manufacturing.
Presented by Jeffery Gilbert and Purvi Mehta to the Progress Meeting on Ecosystem Approaches to the Better Management of Zoonotic Emerging Infectious Diseases in the South East Asian Region, Bangkok, 10-13 December 2011.
The document discusses several key topics related to global migration and development:
1) It summarizes UNICEF and UNDP's focus on sustainable human development, migrants' rights, and the impacts of migration on women and children.
2) It discusses how migration can benefit development through remittances but also introduces new vulnerabilities for migrants and their families.
3) It calls for more research on how migration impacts children, including those left behind and those migrating alone. Greater data is needed on the magnitude and demographics of children affected by migration.
The document summarizes key points from a meeting of Advocates for Ohio's Future regarding the state budget. Key issues discussed include inadequate funding for programs like Medicaid waivers, mental health services, food banks, and child nutrition. Speakers urged contacting legislators to prioritize additional revenue for health and human services programs.
VUSD Math and Dr. Boaler Parent Night 5.23.13dvodicka
Professor Jo Boaler from Stanford University will discuss how students learn mathematics and how parents can support a growth mindset at a Math Parent Night for students in grades 4-8. The event will take place on May 23rd at Washington Middle School and discuss the transition to the Common Core State Standards in mathematics. Dr. Jo Boaler is a leading mathematics education expert who will share her research on how the Standards focus on building deep understanding through fewer concepts and the Eight Standards of Mathematical Practice.
REPUBLICA
KATHMANDU, March 8: The government has completed final preparation to establish the Department of Railway (DoR) with the vision of developing 4000 km railway line across the country within 20 years.
The Ministry of Physical Planning and Works (MoPPW), which will oversee the DoR upon its formation, recently finalized the Organization and Management (O&M) survey and sent it to the Ministry of General Administration (MoGA) to forward it to the cabinet for approval.
The government decided to form the DoR to speed up the process of constructing different railway project across the country.
Ram Kumar Lamsal, who was involved in preparing O&M survey, said the DoR would have a total of 35 staffers, including three joint-secretaries, seven under-secretaries, 12 section officers and 13 non-gazetted officers. Annual budget for the department has been estimated at Rs 7.5 million.
"The Department of Railway will be formally established once the cabinet approves the O&M survey," said Lamsal, who is heading the Railway Project that is overseeing railway related works under stop-gap basis.
The Ministry of Finance has already given its consent to form the department. Upon formation, the department will oversee construction and management of railway, metro rail, ropeways and cable car lines in the country.
Lamsal, who is also a joint-secretary at MoPPW, said the department has set a vision of increasing railway line to 4,000 km, including the East-West Railway, Kathmandu-Pokhara Railway, Kathmandu-Tibet Railway and railway lines that connect major bordering towns of India and Nepal, within 20 years.
"We have also set a target of building 150 km metro line in the Kathmandu Valley, extend existing ropeway to 1,500 km and establish at least 60 cable car lines within the period," Lamsal told Republica on Monday.
The to-be-formed department will also complete the Detailed Project Report (DPR) of Janakpur-Bardibas railway line and bring the Nepal Railways Company under the purview of the MoPPW. Existing acts specify the Ministry of Labor and Transport Management as the authority to oversee works related to railway.
Research on Linking between Bridges and Existing Road Network of Mountainous ...IJERA Editor
Because of the complex topography of mountainous city, there is usually large difference between bridge and existing road network in elevation. In order to realize rapid traffic of vehicles, reasonable interchange ramp can be designed to realize rapid dividing of vehicles at bridgehead. This paper mainly introduces a typical interchange at bridgehead — Caiyuanba Interchange, located in Chongqing, a mountainous city, explains difficulties encountered in engineering design and realizes rapid dividing of vehicles by designing reasonable interchange at bridgehead, so as to accumulate certain experience in the construction of interchange at bridgehead.
The document summarizes a public information session held on June 13-25, 2015 regarding ongoing transit planning studies in Toronto. It provides an overview of four major, interrelated transit initiatives - GO RER/SmartTrack, Relief Line, Scarborough Subway Extension, and coordinated transit planning. For each project, it discusses the study process, public consultation, potential corridors/alignments under consideration, and next steps, which include further analysis and public consultation on draft preferred options in fall 2015.
This document summarizes an article on urban patterns. It discusses four key paradigms that influence urban expression: environment, culture, socioeconomics, and functional organization. It provides examples of grid iron and concentric patterns in Khartoum, Sudan. The document also examines how orientation, open spaces, and urban circulation relate to the physical environment and influence urban planning and design approaches. Climate and cultural perceptions shape building forms and construction methods according to environmental challenges in different urban contexts.
Coordinated Transit Planning in Toronto
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We reserve the right to remove inappropriate comments. Please see Terms of Use for City of Toronto Social Media Sites at http://www.toronto.ca/e-updates/termsofuse.htm.
This is really a good topic for seminar.
in this some information may be old for you by the time you receive this topic but then too i have tried to put recent informations bout this topic.since monorail technology is developing so fast .this may be called as one of the burning topics in civil engineering
1) Transportation engineering involves applying scientific principles to plan, design, operate, and manage transportation facilities to provide for the safe, rapid, comfortable, convenient, economical, and environmentally compatible movement of people and goods.
2) Early transportation committees in India, like the Jayakar Committee, recommended establishing funds and organizations to support transportation development, leading to the creation of the Central Road Fund, Indian Road Congress, and Central Road Research Institute.
3) Roads are classified based on factors like traffic volume, transportation tonnage, importance, location, and materials used. Urban roads are classified as arterial, sub-arterial, collector, and local streets.
IRJET- Comparative Study of Effect of Varying Span Length on Major Elemen...IRJET Journal
This document compares two curved bridge models for a metro system with a total span of 100 meters. Model 1 has a mid span of 70 meters and side spans of 15 meters each. Model 2 has a mid span of 40 meters and side spans of 30 meters each. The study aims to determine a suitable bridge design for the metro system that considers both construction and traffic planning issues. The models are analyzed using STAAD Pro software to calculate responses like displacement, stress, and loading based on Indian codes. The results will help generalize the metro bridge design and traffic planning for this location.
This document is a student project analyzing the urban planning of Seksyen 4 using several cognitive mapping theories. It uses Kevin Lynch's five elements of paths, edges, districts, landmarks, and nodes to analyze the layout and navigation of Seksyen 4. It finds the area has clearly defined primary paths but one less clear edge. Distinct districts are formed by housing types. The biggest landmark is the Pasar Besar market. The analysis also considers the HOPSCA concept and finds Seksyen 4 meets most needs but lacks offices and hotels. In conclusion, Seksyen 4 has good overall planning but could be improved by adding work opportunities.
For more information, see http://scarboroughsubwayextension.ca
Do not include any personal information as all posted material on this site is considered to be part of a public record as defined by section 27 of the Municipal Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy Act.
We reserve the right to remove inappropriate comments. Please see Terms of Use for City of Toronto Social Media Sites at http://www.toronto.ca/e-updates/termsofuse.htm.
This document provides guidance for designing accessible bus stops in London. It outlines requirements and considerations for ensuring bus stops are accessible for all passengers, including those with disabilities or limited mobility. Key elements of an accessible bus stop environment discussed include the passenger waiting area, bus stop layout, kerb profiles, and interactions with other street features like cycling facilities. The guidance aims to help transport authorities and designers create inclusive bus stops that allow passengers using wheelchairs, walkers or other mobility devices to easily board and disembark from buses.
Road patterns can be laid out in several different ways. These include rectangular, radial/star and block, radial/star and circular, radial/star and grid, hexagonal, and minimum travel patterns. The document then describes each of these patterns, noting their advantages such as improved traffic flow and safety, and limitations such as ensuring proper alignment and signage. Roundabouts are highlighted as an example of a circular intersection pattern that can reduce crashes by 40-80% compared to stop signs or traffic signals.
This document discusses challenges faced by tramway systems worldwide and analyzes two case studies: the Heliopolis tramway in Cairo and the Craiova tramway in Romania. It traces the history of tramways from the 19th century and identifies that increased costs, private car popularity, and bus competition led to tramway declines globally. However, some cities like Craiova rehabilitated old tramways instead of removal, proving more cost-effective. The document aims to determine challenges to tramway continuity and reasons for Heliopolis' removal by exploring different regulatory approaches.
For more information, see http://scarboroughsubwayextension.ca
Do not include any personal information as all posted material on this site is considered to be part of a public record as defined by section 27 of the Municipal Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy Act.
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This document provides information about a course on highway engineering taught at Sanjivani College of Engineering. It includes the course objectives, outcomes, syllabus, teaching scheme, examination scheme, textbooks, and reference materials. The course covers topics such as highway planning and development, geometric design of highways, pavement materials and design, traffic engineering studies, and bridge engineering. It aims to teach students about planning, designing, constructing and maintaining road infrastructure through various topics and assignments.
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2. •
Section 1. Analysis of planning diagrams of underground railroads in large cities of the
World........................................................................................................................ ......7
•
1.1 Setting goals and objectives of the study…………………………………………………..8
•
1.2 Classification of subway planning schemes………………………………………………..9
•
1.3 Additional elements of planning schemes of subways (auxiliary rings and loops).....12
•
1.4 Rating of 20 major subways networks (2011 year)……………………………………..19
•
Section 2. Detailed plan of subway lines development, pedestrian
accessibility………………..............................................................................................24
•
2.1 The center and sub-centers, separated Chervonozavodskyy district of Kharkiv
(south)……………………………….……………………………………………………………..26
•
2.2 Separated Ordzhonikidzevsky district……………………………………………………..27
•
2.3 Separated district Alexeyevka……………………………………………………………...28
•
Section 3. New project proposals (options) for Kharkiv subway network
development……………………………………………………………………………………….29
2
3. •
3.1 Existing radiated model of Kharkiv subway network on master plan………30
•
3.2 Radiated model of Kharkiv subway network …………………………………..30
•
3.2.1 Radiated model of Kharkiv subway network and prospective branches to the
suburban areas………………………………………………………………………….31
•
3.2.2 Radiated model on master plan……………………………………………….32
•
3.2.3 Pros and cons of radiated model………………………………………….33
•
3.3 Radiated and chorded model……………………………………………….34
•
3.3.1 Radiated and chorded model of Kharkiv subway network …………..34
•
3.3.2 Radiated and chorded model on master plan…………………………..35
•
3.3.3 Pros and cons of radiated and chorded model………………………….36
3
4. •
3.4 Radiated and circular model of Kharkiv subway network…………………………….37
•
3.4.1 Radiated and circular model of Kharkiv subway network…………………………..37
•
3.4.2 Radiated and circular model on master plan………………………………………..38
•
3.4.3 Pros and cons of radiated and circular model…………………………………39
•
3.5 Combined model of Kharkiv subway network……………………………………40
•
3.5.1 Combined model of Kharkiv subway network…………………………………40
•
3.5.2 Combined model on master plan………………………………………………41
•
3.5.3 Pros and cons of combined model……………………………………………..42
•
3.6 Economic feasibility indicators…………………………………………...............43
•
3.7 Results…………………………………………………………………….................45
4
5. •
Section 4 Site planning of subway station
"Yuzhnaya“(south station)………………………………………………....................46
•
Architectural solution of station………………………………………………………47
•
Key plan…………………………………………………………………………………48
•
Master plan………………………………………………………………….................49
•
Fragment of Landscape Plan…………………………………………………………50
•
Vertical planning…………………………………………………………….................51
•
Scheme of transport accessibility and pedestrian traffic………………………….52
•
Section 5. Project of quarter reconstruction
along the Kuznechna Street, Kharkiv………………………………………………..53
•
5.1 Scheme of activities for reconstruction………………………………………….54
5
6. •
5.2 Front elevation of Kuznechna Street……………………………………...........55
•
5.3 Perspective view of the dwelling house 7/13, Kuznechna Street….............56
•
5.4 Site plan of quarter reconstruction………………………………………...........57
•
Section 6. Project of quarter reconstruction
along the Mayakovsky Street, Kharkiv……………………………………..............58
•
6.1 Key plan……………………………………………………………………………..59
•
6.2 Vertical planning, front elevation
along the Chernyshevsky Street……………………………………………..............60
•
Section 7 Engineering accomplishment of
residential group of prospective micro-district in Kerch, Ukraine………………..61
•
7.1 Landscape Plan of residential group……………………………………………62
•
7.2 Vertical planning of residential group…………………………………..............63
6
7. ANALYSIS OF PLANNING DIAGRAMS OF
UNDERGROUND RAILROADS IN LARGE CITIES
OF THE WORLD
7
8. Purpose:
Determination of development prospects for Kharkov rapid transit network
Object
Subject
Metro systems of major world cities
Planning schemes and the main characteristics of subways
Actuality of
theme
Necessity to improve transport accessibility in the city of Kharkiv at the expense
of Kharkov subway network expansion
Scientific
novelty
1. Formation of the combined scheme of underground in the city of Kharkiv
2. Possibility of establishing of modern terminals and transport hubs on the basis
of the metro station
Tasks
1. To identify the major types of planning schemes on the example of
underground world's largest cities
2. To compare the major metros of the world by key economic indicators
3. To analyze the characteristics and to determine the rating of the Kharkiv
Metro subway among the largest cities in the world
4. To analyze pedestrian accessibility of Kharkiv subway network
5. To identify a perspective network scheme with the possibility of Kharkov
subway development in the long term
8
10. Linear scheme
Population <500 000 people
Formation of a linear circuit isn't only related to the rapidly growing population
of the city. In many cities, including Haifa (Israel) served as reason for the
construction of the line: a) excessive density of building area and width of the
streets in the central part of the city. b) relief that separate districts of the city
and the speed to connect those districts
Circular scheme occurs in the presence of a natural separation of the city into
two parts and to facilitate communications with rail and public transport in major
cities. Because of the difficulties in the operation of rolling stock on the lines are
rarely used. Most lines are designed as the terrestrial, which increases the
level of availability and use.
Circular scheme
>500 000 <800 000
Х-shaped
>500 000 <1 000 000
In accordance with population growth and city development, the linear scheme
can be transformed into X-shaped or rectangular. This is due to the current
layout of streets and compact city center (the placement of all the elements of
the city center in the geometric center of the city). Examples with typical
elements of this kind schemes can be found in the London, Paris and Chicago.
Rectangular scheme
>500 000 <1 000 000
10
11. Radiated scheme
>1 000 000 < 4 000 000
Radiated and circular
scheme
>4 000 000 < 8 000 000
Radiated and chorded
scheme
>4 000 000 < 8 000 000
Combined
>8 000 000
The radial circuit with a central interchange hub and diametric lines. In cities with a radial
circuit layout of the transport network usually develops radial circuit from 3 - 4 lines. There are
two kinds: a) with separate lines (diameters), intersecting at different levels and connected to
each other. b) sometimes, in order to better serve the peripheral part of the city the diameters
have the branching on the ends. Such a scheme has its own advantages - interchange nodes
become less strained than the x-shaped pattern.
In the mega cities with a population of more than 4 million people is used radiated and
circular scheme of underground. Possibly the transformation of radiated circuit into radiated
and circular scheme as it was taking place in Moscow and is occurring in Saint Petersburg.
Auxiliary circular line significantly offloads the work of the central transportation hub and
reduces the excess length of the road for passengers.
Radiated and chorded circuit is formed when a population is reaching the 4 million limit. At this
point in time, the residents are unevenly concentrated in the suburban area of the city, but the
sub-centers do not develop. For instance, Tokyo.
Combined scheme of subway network includes diametrical, chorded and radiated lines with a
significant number of interchange options. Such circuits are formed as a result of the relatively
long development of cities and metro systems in them. It should be noted that the x-shaped or
radiated subsequently are complemented by discharging lines (circular and chorded) with the
interchange nodes, removes the burden from the central transfer stations. The best examples
are in Mexico City, New York, London.
11
13. ISOLATED CIRCLE
Isolated circle
Element of the radiated and
circular scheme. The circular
line in the center of the city with
access to the radial directions.
Beijing
- Line 2 - 28-km - 18 stations – opened in
1984 – completed in 1987.
Delhi - Ring Railway - 21 stations.
Detroit - People mover - 4.8-km - 13 stations - round
trip 15 min – completed in 1987 - unidirectional.
13
14. SHARED CIRCLE
Shared circle
Several lines, one of which
surrounds the ring completely,
while others use only the ring
segments.
Berlin - S41/S42 - 37-km - 27 stations – round
trip 62 мin – open in 1871 – completed in 1877 Suburban metro, round operation suspended from
1961 to 2002.
London - Circle Line - 22.5-km - 27 stations –
open in 1863 – completed in 1884.
Miami
- People mover - 3-km - 8 stations –
completed in 1986 - Raised, rubber-tired, automated.
14
15. PAN-SHAPED LOOP
Pan-shaped loop
Element
of the radiated and
circular scheme. Circle Line is
combined with radiated to operate
in the city center as a single line.
Used as circulating puffin at night.
City of Brussels - Lines 2 and
618 stations – opened in 1981 – completed in
2009.
Bucharest
– Lines M1, M3 - 24 km 16 stations – opened in 1979 – completed in
1989.
Chicago
– different lines - 3.2-km - 9
stations – completed in 1897.
15
16. TERMINAL LOOP
Terminal loop
Element of the radiated and circular
scheme. Loop is created on the line
in a single of the directions , having
the access to the center. Invented in
Paris
London – Line Piccadilly - 2 stations in Heathrow, unidirectional.
Los Angeles
- Blue Line - 5
stations - in south end, unidirectional.
New York – Line
6 - 1 station passing effectively left the City Hall station
without passengers, unidirectional.
16
17. OPERATIONALLY SPLIT CIRCLE
Operationally split circle
The lines are not operated around
the entire ring (or loop), even though
they technically could be, or in the
past or in the present.
Copenhagen
- S-Tog - 20
stations – completed in 2005 operationally split.
Vienna - Lines U4/U6 - 18 stations operated as loop from 1925 to 1978.
Vienna- Lines U2/U4 - 10 stations –
circular exploitation for only 2 weeks in
1981.
17
18. INCLINATIONAL SPIRAL
Inclinational spiral
Element of the radiated and
chorded scheme. Used in strongly
crossed terrain with significant
height difference. Depends on the
nature of the slopes and the
hydrogeological conditions.
Naples
- Line 1 - at Vanvitelli and
Cilea/Quattro
Giornate
stations,
underground, rising upwards to the area of
250 m above the center of the city..
Tokyo
- Line Yurikamome - near the
station Shibaura-Futo, climbing Rainbow
Bridge.
18
19. RATING OF SUBWAYS OF LARGEST CITIES IN THE WORLD
BY NUMBER OF STATIONS
Number of stations (total)
5
4,5
4
3,5
3
2,5
2
1,5
1
0,5
0
Length of ring, кm
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Number of stations on the ring
5
4,5
4
3,5
3
2,5
2
1,5
1
0,5
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
9
5
4,5
4
3,5
3
2,5
2
1,5
1
0,5
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Conventional signs
1-London (England)
2-New-York (USA)
3-Toronto (Canada)
4-Mexico (UMS)
5-Tokio (Japan)
6-Paris (France)
7-Madrid (Spain)
8-Milan (Italy)
9-Lisbon (Portugal)
10-Moscow (Russia)
11-Vienna (Austria)
12-Munich (Germany)
13-Prague (Czech Republic)
14-Helsinki (Finland)
15-Oslo (Norway)
16-Glasgow (Scotland)
17-Shanghai (China)
18-Calcutta (India)
19-Seoul (South Korea)
20-Kharkiv (Ukraine)
19
21. COMPARISON OF TRIP PRICE
Price of trip
5
5
5
4
4
3
3
2
3
3
5
4
4
3
3
5
5
5
1
4
2
3
2
3
2
4
1
1
5
1
6
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
7
20
Relative cost of travel in the metro
to the minimum monthly salary,%
5
4,5
4
3,5
3
2,5
2
1,5
1
0,5
0
London
Лондон
Conventional signs
New York
Нью-Йорк
Tokyo
Токио
Toronto
Торонто
Paris
Париж
Seoul
Сеул
Mexico
Мехико
Lisbon
Лиссабон
Moscow
Москва
Vienna
Вена
1-London (England)
2-New-York (USA)
3-Toronto (Canada)
4-Mexico (UMS)
5-Tokio (Japan)
6-Paris (France)
7-Madrid (Spain)
8-Milan (Italy)
9-Lisbon (Portugal)
10-Moscow (Russia)
11-Vienna (Austria)
12-Munich (Germany)
13-Prague (Czech Republic)
14-Helsinki (Finland)
15-Oslo (Norway)
16-Glasgow (Scotland)
17-Shanghai (China)
18-Calcutta (India)
19-Seoul (South Korea)
20-Kharkiv (Ukraine)
Shanghai
Шанхай
Prague
Прага
Харьков
Kharkiv
21
22. SUMMARY RATING OF 20 MAJOR SUBWAYS
NETWORKS (2011 YEAR)
35
30
Скорость
25
Стоимость поездки
Протяженность
20
Количество станций на кольце
15
Количество вагонов
Длина кольца
10
Количество станций (всего)
5
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
22
23. ANALYSIS OF ORGANIZATIONAL INDICATORS AND
INDICATORS OF COMFORT
Types of ownership
The ratio of interchange modes of
transport in cities worldwide
Железная дорога,автобус
Railroad, bus
Railroad
Железная дорога
Tram. bus
Трамвай,автобус
Municipal and
Муниципальноcommunal
коммунальный
Railroad, tram
Железная дорога,трамвай
КоммунальноCommunal and
муниципальный
municipal
Railroad, suburban
Железная train
electric дорога,электричка
Муниципальный
Железная bus, tram
Railroad,
дорога,автобус,трамвай
Monorail road,
Монорельсовая
Shinkansen, suburban
дорога,синкансэн,электричка
Municipal
Коммунальный
Communal
electric train
Location in relation to the
ground level Underground and
Organization of fare
Подземно-наземный
terrestrial
Underground and
On the entrance
На входе
На выходе
On the exit
На входе и выходе
On the entrance
and exit
Подземно-наземный
terrestrial, and
и above-ground
надземный
Преимущественно
Predominantlyподземный
underground
Подземный
Underground
23
24. DETAILED PLAN OF SUBWAY LINES DEVELOPMENT,
PEDESTRIAN ACCESSIBILITY
S 1: 16 000
24
33. PROS AND CONS OF RADIATED MODEL
Pros:
Cons:
• opportunity for the minimal number
of transfers in any radiated
direction (single);
• reducing the burden on the city
center due to three interchange
hubs;
• the possibility of building several
start-up facilities;
• possibility of building terminals (on
the basis of stations) on the lines
that directly connected with major
arterial highways.
• increasing the burden on
interchange hubs;
• insufficient density of the subway
network;
• high coefficient of route network
misalignment;
• poor pedestrian accessibility of
separate districts;
• necessity of building branches to
the suburban areas;
• greater number of non-serviced
areas compared with the radiated
and circular, and radiated and
chorded networks.
33
36. PROS AND CONS OF RADIATED AND CHORDED
MODEL
PROS:
CONS:
• communications with existing radiated
directions;
• increasing the density of the subway
network;
• decrease of the route network
misalignment coefficient, compared
with a circular line;
• accessibility for service in remote
areas;
• opportunity to the sequence of
construction of several start-up
facilities;
• transfer stations are arranged in
conjunction with stations of the low
passenger turnover that promotes
establishment of uniform loading
sections of subway network.
• two or more transfers along the route;
.
• poor pedestrian accessibility of separate
districts;
• increase of time devoted to transfer.
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39. PROS AND CONS OF RADIATED AND CIRCULAR
MODEL
Pros:
Cons:
• greatly offloads interchange hubs in
the central part of the city and
reduces the excess length of the
path of passengers on the radial
directions;
• increases the density of the network
and the area of pedestrian
accessibility;
• decrease in the average coefficient of
route network misalignment;
• enables to incorporate with existing
radiated directions.
• the need for commissioning with
single starting complex;
• causes an increase in the number of
transfers (more than 2);
• does not allow for the transport
accessibility of separate areas of the
city;
• tracing the circular line through
areas of the city with a low
population density (for the
completion of a closed circle);
• transfer stations are arranged in
conjunction with stations of the high
passenger turnover
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42. PROS AND CONS OF COMBINED MODEL
Pros:
Cons:
• provides the best connection between
the districts of the city;
• the density of the network and area of
pedestrian accessibility have the
highest rates compared with radiated
and circular, radiated and-chorded
models;
• average coefficient of route network
misalignment is the lowest of the
proposed options;
• for this scheme as interchange and
intermediate stations are close to the
values passenger flow during the
rush hours.
• necessary to input into operation in
two stages (two start-up facilities);
• Necessity for making use of transfer
hubs at the single level (on the
chorded line);
• does not allow for the transport
accessibility of separate areas of the
city;
• tracing the circular line through areas
of the city with a low
population density (for the completion
of a closed circle).
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45. Results
1. On the example of the largest cities of the world were determined 8 types of planning
schemes: linear, circular, x-shaped, rectangular, radiated, radiated and chorded, radiated
and circular, combined. Results of this classification are present radiation type and
economic indicators were helpful to devise a long-term development of a rational model of
Kharkov City Subway.
2. By comparing the subways of major world cities by economic indicators, was concluded that
Seoul subway network ranked the highest 1st place. In contrast, Kharkiv subway system
ranks the latter 20th place.
3. Based on classification by type of schemes, in accordance with the evolutionary process,
was determined that all subways in the world converging in combined form.
3. 88% of the city area in 2012 year outside of pedestrian accessibility of subway stations.
4. For the long term development of the Kharkiv subway network advisable to wage on the
basis of the combined scheme, which is the leader in accordance with economic feasibility
indicators.
5. Transition of subway in Kharkiv to the communal ownership may lead to its further
privatization.
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