The document summarizes the rise of populism and progressivism in the late 19th century United States. Farmers faced economic hardships like falling crop prices and rising costs, leading them to form alliances to address their grievances. This gave rise to the Populist Party in the 1890s, which promoted reforms like increased money supply and regulation of railroads. Though the party collapsed after 1896, progressivism continued and sought to protect social welfare, promote moral reform, and create economic and political reforms at local, state, and federal levels through the early 20th century. Women played a leading role in many reform movements.

1. Populists & Progressives

2. Essential QuestionTo what extent did the populists and progressives achieve their goals?

3. Farmers and the Populist MovementChapter 5, Section 3Video

4. Mary Elizabeth Lease

5. Farmers Unite to Address Common Problems

6. What economic problems did many farmers face during the late 1800s?Vicious cycle

7. What economic problems did many farmers face during the late 1800s?Good farm land becomes scarceBank foreclose on mortgagesRailroads charging excessive prices for shipping and storage

8. Why did farmers favor “cheap money”?Retired“greenbacks”Less $ in circulationPaid back loans with $ worth more than $ they borrowedCrop prices falling1867-1887 bushel wheat fell from $2.00 to $0.68Banks foreclosing on mortgages

9. How did farmers try to address their problems and grievances?The Patrons of Husbandry (The Grange)Oliver Hudson KelleyOpposed banks, railroadsSupported political candidatesOriginally supposed to be social organization

10. How did farmers try to address their problems and grievances?Farmers AlliancesIncluded those who sympathized with farmersThese organizations represented the PEOPLE not money

11. The Rise and fall of Populism

12. PopulismMovement of the PeopleBorn with founding of Populist Party in 1892Fought for rights of farmers and laborers and battled railroad companiesRepresented a third political party

13. What reforms did the Populist Party promote?Economic ReformsIncrease in money supply

14. Graduated income tax

15. Federal loan programGovernmental ReformsDirect election of senators by popular vote

16. Single terms for President and VP

17. Secret ballot to end voter fraud

18. Restrictions on immigrationWhat reforms did the Populist Party promote?Economic ReformsIncrease in money supply

19. Graduated income tax

20. Federal loan programGovernmental ReformsDirect election of senators by popular vote

21. Single terms for President and VP

22. Secret ballot to end voter fraud

23. Restrictions on immigrationWhat were the causes and consequences of the Panic of 1893?CausesRailroads went bankruptGovernment gold supply running thinPeople panicked and traded money for goldConsequencesWall Street stocks fellBy end of year, 15,000 businesses & 500 banks collapsed3 million jobs lost5% of the populationToday 9.1% unemployed

24. Why did the Populist movement collapse?Argument over which metal would be basis of money systemGold BugsSilveritesRepublicansBankers, businessmen, city peopleGold Standard$ backed only by goldEffects: Less $ in circulationPrices fallValue of $ increases1896 Presidential NomineeWilliam McKinleyDemocrats & PopulistsFarmers and LaborersBimetallism$ backed by gold & silverEffects:More $ in circulationPrices increaseValue of $ decreases1896 Presidential NomineeWilliam Jennings Bryan

25. “Cross of Gold” speechWilliam Jennings Bryan

26. McKinley vs. Bryan

27. Why did the Populist movement collapse?McKinley won election of 1896McKinley carried East and Industrial MidwestBryan carried South and farmers of MidwestIndustrial Midwest elected McKinleyPopulism collapsed

28. Taking NotesIdentify the causes of the rise of the Populist Party and the effects the party had.Causes???Effects???

29. Taking NotesIdentify the causes of the rise of the Populist Party and the effects the party had.CausesFalling prices for cropsInability to repay loansExcessive railroad pricesEffectsNew ideas that later became lawPolitical forum for addressing special interestsMessage of hope to downtrodden

30. The Origins of ProgressivismChapter 9, Section 1

31. Four Goals of Progressivism

32. What were the four goals of progressivism?Protecting Social WelfareSocial Gospel MovementSettlement House MovementYMCASalvation ArmyFlorence KelleyAdvocate for women and childrenIllinois Factory Act of 1893Prohibited child labor/limited women’s work hrs.

33. What were the four goals of progressivism?Promoting Moral ImprovementProhibition – 18th Amendment (1919)Woman’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)Became largest woman’s group in nations historyAnti Saloon League –“the Church in action against the Saloon”

34. Carry Nation

35. What were the four goals of progressivism?Creating Economic ReformPanic of 1893 caused some to question capitalismEugene V. Debs organized American Socialist Party in 1901MuckrakersLincoln Steffens, Ida Tarbell, Upton SinclairJournalists who wrote about corruption in business and public life

36. MuckrakersUpton SinclairIda Tarbell

38. What were the four goals of progressivism?Fostering efficiencyFaith in experts and scientific principles to make society betterScientific management studiesIntroduction of assembly lines

39. How did Prohibition fit into the reform movement?It was believed that alcohol was undermining America morals.18th Amendment

40. Cleaning Up Local Government

41. How did natural disasters help launch the movement to reform local government?1900, Galveston, TX – hurricane and tidal waveAdopted the commission idea as a form of government5 member commission of experts in charge of city departments1913, Dayton, OH – floodAdoption of council-manager form of governmentCity council make laws

42. How did reform mayors clean up their local governments?Hazen Pingree of Detroit, MIFairer tax structure, lowered fairs for public transportation, rooted out corruption, and set up a system of work relief for unemployedTom Johnson of Cleveland, OHConverting the utilities to publicly owned enterprises

43. Reform at the State Level

44. Robert La Follette“Fighting Bob”Wisconsin governor and US SenatorMajor target railroadsTaxed at same rate as other business propertySet up commission to regulate ratesForbade railroads to issue free passes to state officialsLed the way in regulating big business and reducing control of big business over state legislators

45. How did reforms protect children?National Child Labor Committee (1904)Gathered evidence of children working in harsh conditionsKeating-Owen Act (1916)Prohibited the transportation across state line of goods produced with child labor1918 – Supreme Court declared act unconstitutional due to inference with states’ rights

46. How did reform change working conditions?Muller v. Oregon (1908)Limit women to 10 hour work dayBunting v. Oregon (1917)Limit men to 10 hour work dayWorkers’ compensationAid the families of workers hurt or killed on the job

47. What kinds of political reforms took place at the state level?Progressive Era reform legislation provided for increased direct participation in government.Initiative – a bill originated by the people on the ballotReferendum – a vote on the initiativeRecall – enabled voters to remove public officials from elected positions by forcing them to face another electionThe Direct Primary – gave citizens a way to participate in the selection of a presidential candidateSecret Ballot – candidates are selected from a single, uniform ballot

48. What kinds of political reforms took place at the state level?17th AmendmentRatified 1913Direct election of senatorsVideo

49. Taking NotesFill in the web with examples of organizations that worked for reform in the areas named.

50. Taking NotesFill in the web with examples of organizations that worked for reform in the areas named.

51. Women Lead Reform

52. How did the opening of women’s colleges help create new opportunities for women?Marriage was no longer a woman’s only alternative.Many applied their skills to social reform

53. Why were there women leaders in the movements to reform social welfare, public morals, and race relations?The participation of educated women often strengthened the existing reform groups and provided leadership for new ones.

54. Susan B. AnthonyLeading proponent of woman’s suffrage

55. Founded National Women Suffrage Association (NWSA)

56. 3 part strategy