2. ⚫The term environment is derived from french word
‘ENVIRON’which means encircle .
⚫So in other words everything that affects living organism
is called as environment .
Environmental science is called as Multidisciplinary as it
brings about an interaction between our natural world
( air, water, soil, and material) and living organism .
2
3. Environmental study is an interdisciplinary study that utilizes
information from physical science and social science .
Component Of Environment
Abiotic Biotic
Producer Consumers Decomposers
Climate Edaphic
Fig.1: Components of Environment
3
5. ⚫Conservation of nature and natural resources .
⚫Conservation/ protection of biological diversity .
⚫Control of environmental and human pollution.
⚫Social issues in relation to development and environment .
⚫Development of non- polluting renewable energy system
and provide new diamension to nature’s security .
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6. Multidisciplinary nature of
environmental studies
⚫It utilizes information from different streams of
science to deal with various environmental
problems
Life Science
Environmental
Studies
Modelling
Management
and
awarness
Physical
science Technology
Fig.3 Environmental Studies 6
7. Resources
7
Any thing which is useful for man or can be transformed
into a useful product or can be used to produce a useful
thing.
Natural Resources
Its defined as anything that we get from the environment
to fullfill our requirments and used without any
modification.
Ex: air ,water, land ,forest, minerals.
8. Classification of natural environment
1. On the basis renewability
Non –Renewable
/stock resources .
Ex: Minerals, coal,
oil, natural gases.
Renewable /Flow
Resources.
Ex: solar energy of
the sun, oxygen in
air ,soil in forest .
Fig.4 Classification on the basis of renewability
Cyclic
Ex: Water can be
regenerated by
water cycle
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9. 2. On the basis of utility
Fig .5: On the basis of utility
3. On the basis of origin
Energy
Ex . Solar Energy
Fossil Fuels
Raw Material
Ex. Iron, Sillca
,Diamond ,Vegetable .
Biotic
Ex. Green plants ,
Animals, Fungi etc.
9
Abiotic
Ex .Land , Water ,
Air.
Fig.6: On the basis of origin
10. Natural Resources and Associated Problem
10
The Natural Resources are as follows :
1.Forest Resources.
2.Water Resources.
3.Mineral Resources.
4.Energy Resources .
5.Land /Soil Resources.
11. Forest Resources
11
Problems
Soil erosion ,loss of biodiversity , global warming ,
Floods, Drought.
Causes
Deforestation and exessive use of forests , increased
population.
Solution
Reserve forests by saving trees ,more plantation, cantrol
birth rates to control over population.
12. Functions of forests
12
1. Protective function : protect against soil erosion,
floods, drought, noise, radiation.
2. Productive function: provide gum resins, medicine,
kattha , honey, pulp, bamboo, timber and fruits.
3. Regulative function : regulate level of oxygen ,carbon
dioxide, temperature, and water cycle.
4. Accessory function: regulate aesthetics , habitat for
wildlife and place for recreartion .
13. Water Resources
13
Water resources are sources of water that are useful
or potentially useful to humans.
Uses of water include agricultural, industrial, household,
recreational and environmental activities.
Virtually all of these human uses require fresh water.
Water forms 60% of our body weight.
Water is a renewable and limiting resource.
14. About three – fourth of earth’s surface is occupied by oceans.
About 97% of the earth’s water is strong saline and
The rest 3% is freshwater.
Pure, usable water on land is only 0.3%.
WATER DEPLETION
It is caused by over exploitation, excessive use and
unequal access to water among different social groups.
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15. Increasing population, intensive industrialization,
deforestation and
mismanagement of water resources have caused a crisis.
Conservation of Water
It is essential for the survival of mankind, plants and
animals.
This can be achieved by adopting the following
methods:
Constructing dams and reservoirs to regulate
supply of water to the fields, as well as to enable
generating hydroelectricity.
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16. Sewage should be treated and only the clear water should
be released into the rivers.
Industrial wastes (effluents) should be treated to
prevent chemical and thermal pollution of fresh
water.
Judicious use of water in our day-to-day life.
Rainwater harvesting should be done by storing
rainwater and recharging groundwater.
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17. MINERALS RESOURCES
Minerals are naturally occurring, inorganic, crystalline
solids having a definite crystalline solids having a definite
chemical composition and characteristic .
physical properties.
Minerals are exhaustible and nonrenewable.
Minerals are relatively plentiful.
Minerals are over used by industries.
Disposal of minerals have negative effects
on environment.
Metallic minerals – e.g., iron, copper, silver, gold.
Non-metallic minerals – e.g., sand, stone salt, phosphates.
17
18. Use of Minerals
18
• The main uses of minerals are as follows:
• Development of industrial plants and machinery.
• Generation of energy e.g. coal, lignite, uranium.
• Construction, housing, settlements.
• Defence equipment weapons, armaments.
• Transportation means.
19. Soil Resources
19
Arable land (from Latin arabilis, "able to be plowed”)is land
capable of being ploughed and used to grow crops.
Land is among the most important natural resources.
It covers up only 29% of the earth’s surface and all parts of
the land are not habitable.
The uneven distribution of population indifferent parts of
the world is mainly due to varied characteristics of land and
climate.
20. • Land degradation means:
1) Loss of natural fertility of soil because of loss of nutrients.
2) Less vegetation cover.
3) Changes in the characteristic of soil.
4) Pollution of water resources from the contamination of soil
through which water.
5)sweeps into ground or runoff to the water bodies.
6)Changes in climatic conditions because of unbalance created
in the environment.
20
21. Causes of land degradation
21
Deforestation.
Soil erosion by wind or water.
Rainfall.
Industrialization.
Unsustainable Urban agricultural practices expansion.
Biotic Factor.
22. Ecosystem
22
⚫A biological community of interacting organisms and their
physical environment such as forest, grassland, desert etc.
⚫Biotic/ Abiotic components
⚫ There is a great variety of ecosystems in existence, all of
them are characterized by general structural and
functional attributes
⚫ Aquatic ecosystem, desert ecosystem.
26. Food Chain
26
• The particular pathway of nutrient and energy movement
depends on which organism feeds on anther.
• Transfer of energy from source in plant through a series of
organisms by eating and being eaten, constitute the food
chain.
• At transfer a large portion of energy is lost in form of heat.
• Each step of food web is called tropic level.
27. Trophic levels
27
A trophic level means a feeding level.
– First level – all producers.
– Second level – all herbivores.
– Third level – first level carnivores.
– Fourth level – second level carnivores.
– So on……..
• Energy and Nutrients passed through the ecosystem by
food chains and webs from lower trophic level to the
higher trophic level.
28. • However, only 5% to 20% energy and nutrients
are transferred into higher trophic level
successfully.
• For this reason, first trophic level has the largest number
of organisms, and second trophic level is less than first
one; the third level is less than second level, and so on.
28
29. • Producer utilize energy directly from sun and convert it to
biomass.
• Base of pyramid is made of first trophic level organism
(producers).
• Then Herbivores which eat on plants.
• Then Second trophic level organisms, carnivores.
• Then predators third trophic level.
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31. Conclusion
⚫Environmental science is called as Multidisciplinary as it
brings about an interaction between our natural world and
living organism .
⚫It deals with various environmental problems Associsted
with Life Sciences, Physical Science, Modling, technology
etc.
⚫ There are various segments which are property of
environment which need be protected For their long term
conservation.
⚫ Ecosystem is an important part of environmet which
describes the corelation
things in environment.
between living and non living
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32. References
Dr.Singh Y ,“Environmental Science”, New age
international (P) limited P. 101 -108.
Dwivedi A , Khabiya R ,“Environmental Science” , Tech-
Max publications, pune P. 1.1-1.44 & 2.1-2.23.
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