WIN AGAINST POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME.. this file is for lay man,, for easy awareness of the disease.

1. POLYCYSTICOVARIAN SYNDROME
AND GENERAL AWARENESS
29 January 2016 1
PARAMITA GANGULY
ROLL NO 864, DEPT OF PHYSIOLOGY
SERAMPORE COLLEGE

2. WHAT IS PCOS?
In female PCOS is --
 Very common gynecological
problem..
 Mainly associated with irregular
menstruation, hirsutism and
obesity
 Increases the chances of
infertility..
29 January 2016 2

3. • In 1935, Stein and Leventhal
described 7 women with bilateral
enlarged PCO, amenorrhea or
irregular menses, infertility and
masculinizing features.
• The earliest published description
of a person with what is now
recognized as PCOS was in 1721
in Italy
HISTORY
29 January 2016 3

4. FACTS AND FIGURES
• 1 in 5 women of
reproductive age have
PCOS
• The World Health
Organization
estimates that it
affects 116 million
women worldwide as
of 2010 (3.4% of
women).
• One community-based
prevalence study
found that about 18%
of women had PCOS,
and that 70% of them
were previously
undiagnosed.29 January 2016 4

5. FEMALE SEXUAL CYCLE
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6. Duration-28 day
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7. Folliculogenesis1. Primordial Follicle
(Presence
Of Granulosa Cells )
2. Primary Follicle
(Appearance Of
Zona Pellucida)
3. Secondary Follicle
(Contains Theca
Externa And Interna )
4. Tertiary Follicle
(Formation Of Antrum)
5. Graafian Follicle
(Proliferation Of
Granulosa And Theca
Cells, Synthesis Of
Corona Radiata And
Cumulus Oophorus)29 January 2016i 7

8. ovulation
• Accumulation Of
Prostaglandins, Swelling
Of Graafian Follicle
• Formation Of Stigma
• Collagenase Breaks
• Proteolytic Enzymes
Activates
• Rupture Of Graafian
Follicle
• One Secondary Oocyte
Released
• If Sperm Comes,
Fertilization Can Be
Done
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9. Hormonal basis of menstrual cycle
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10. CORPUS LUTeUM
• After release of oocyte from graafian follicle it
converted into corpus hamerrhgicum, then
luteinizing cell produced and form corpus luteum
• It is the main source of progesterone
• After 7 days the destruction of corpus luteum
begins
• If pregnancy occurs, then corpus luteum will
stand for 3 months until the functional placenta is
formed
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11. Normal vs pcos menstrual cycle
• No ovulation
occurs-
anovulatory cycle
• The sexual cycle
is greater than 45
days
• Accompanied
with
Amenorrhoea
oligomenorrhoea
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12. PATHOGENESIS
OVARIAN CHANGES IN PCOS
• Ovarian Enlargement
• Increased Stroma
• Thickening Of Tunica
Albuginea And
Capsules
• Theca Cell
Hypertrophy
• Follicles Of Various
Stage Of Maturation
And Atresia Remain As
Cysts
29 January 2016 12

13. CAUSES OF PCOS
29 January 2016 13

14. HYPER ANDROGEN SECRETION
GnRHLH FSH
THECA CELLS
GRANULOSA
CELLS
ANDROGEN ESTROGEN
AROMATASE BLOCKED
INSULINIGF1P450C17
29 January 2016 14

15. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INSULINE
RESISTANCE AND PCOS
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16. OTHER CAUSES
1. Genetic Inheritency
2. Adrenal Cortex Also Increases
Secretion Of Androgen
3. Hyperprolactinemia Produces
More Androgen
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17. • SYMPTOMS
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18. symptoms
OBESITY
HAIR FALL AND THIN
HAIR
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19. SYMPTOMS
AMENORRHEA
OLIGOMENORRHEA DISMENORRHEA
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20. symptoms
ACNE OR SKIN PATCHES HIRSUTISM
29 January 2016 20

21. OTHER SYMPTOMS
• Sleep Apnea
• Deeper Voice
• Decrease In
Breast Size
• Pelvic Pain
• Depression
• Acanthosis Nigricans
29 January 2016 21

22. Long term consequences of PCOS
effects
29 January 2016 22

23. Infertility- anovulation
• Due To Low FSH Level
The Follicular Growth Is
Arrested At Different
Phase Of Maturation
• Due To Elevated LH
Hypertrophy Of Thecal
Cells Occurs And More
Androgen Produces From
Theca Cells
• Follicular Environment Is
More Androgenic Than
Estrogenic
• LH Ievel Is Tonically
Elevated Without Any
Surge, LH Surge Is
Important For Ovulation29 January 2016 23

24. Normal Ovulation
PCOS
No ovulation
Infrequent ovulation
Progesterone
Hormonal differences in normal vs pcos
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25. INFERTILY
29 January 2016 25

26. Other adverse Effects
Type 2 diabetes
High blood pressure
Cardiac arrest
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27. Other adverse effects
HIGH CHOLESTEROL
LEVEL
IN LATER LIFE, UTERINE
CANCER CAN OCCURS
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28. DIAGNOSIS
INCREASED BASAL LH,
PROLACTINE,
TESTOSTERONE LEVEL
DECREASED FSH, SHBG
LEVEL
TRANSVAGINAL
SONOGRAPHY AND
ULTRASOUND OF LOWER
ABDOMEN
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29. SOCIAL AWARENESS ROOT-
CAUSE
Ignorance
Fear to admit
Unwillingness to get medical help
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30. Wrong lifestyle
UNHEALTHY DIET- JUNK
FOODS,COLD DRINKS
LESS PYSICAL WORK,
MORE SEDENTORY
WORK,
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31. GENERAL
ADVICE
• Women Having
PCOS Should
Get Married At
Right Age
• Should
Become A
Mother With In
Early 30’s
• These Can
Reduce
Infertility
Quotient.
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32. The most important way to curepcos is weight
loss
29 January 2016 32

33. Exercise and yoga
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34. Proper nutrition and diet
TAKE
• Unsaturated Good Fat
Like Vegetables Oils
Like Canola And Olive Oil
• More Fibres To Maintain
Blood Sugar Cholesterol
Level
• Fruit
• Vegetables – Especially
Peas And Broccoli
• Whole Grains – Such As
Oats, Brown Rice
• Vitamin D AND INOSITOL
AVOID
• Saturated Fat Like Red
Meat And Dairy
Product
• Foods Such As Cured
And Smoked Meats,
Salted Nuts, Canned
And Processed
Vegetables, Meats,
Marinades And Sauces
• Intake Of Processed
Foods
29 January 2016 34

35. Medical treatments
WHO DOES NOT WANT
PREGNENCY
• To Maintain Normal
Menstrual Cycle
Birth Control Pills
Are Given As
Medication
• Metformin Use To
Solve Insuline
Resistance
• Progesterone
Mainly Given For
Hormone Therapy
WHO WANTS IMMIDIATE
PREGNENCY
• Clomiphene ,
Metformin
Stimulates Ovulation
• In Case Of Induced
Ovulation , Ovary
Stimulated By
Letrozole
• FSH, LH Given For
Hormone Therapy
• In Severe Cases
Laparoscopy Can Be
Done
29 January 2016 35

36. Win against PCOS
• Now A Days, World
Wide Awareness
Programs,
Campaigns
Organised To Cure
PCOS
• September Is
Maintioned As PCOS
Awareness Month
• Various Surveys
Done To Aware
Common Female
Populations In Both
Rural And Urban
Areas29 January 2016 36

37. My appeal to you
• I try to make you all
aware about PCOS
through this project
work
• I hope that by
maintaining healthy
life style, we can
save or family from
harms of PCOS and
all females will gain
a healthy
reproductive life
over looking troubles
of infertility29 January 2016 37

38. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
29 January 2016 38
I would like to thank all my respected
teachers,departmental staffs,my
friends and my parents for their help
and support in completion of this
project

39. REFERENCES
• Davidson, B., M. Soodak, H. V. Strout,Neary
JT,Nakamura C ,Maloof F, Endocrinology 104 (1979)
919
• Williams Text Book of Endocrinology . Saunders
Elsevier Science, 10 (2003) 322.
• Okoroafor UC, Jungheim ES, Patient Preference and
Adherence 2012, 6:407-415
• Golbahar J, Al-Ayadhi MA, Das NM, Gumaa
K,International Journal of Women's Health 2012,
4:201-206
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40. Thanks For your patience
throughout the topic…
29 January 2016 40