The document discusses polyhouse technology for growing plants under controlled conditions. A polyhouse is a structure covered with transparent material to allow natural light while controlling the internal environment. Key factors controlled in a polyhouse include temperature, light, humidity, carbon dioxide, and airflow. Maintaining optimal conditions allows for maximum year-round production with fewer resources. Common crops grown in polyhouses include flowers, vegetables, and nursery plants. The document outlines the types of polyhouses, considerations for setup, and maintenance requirements to successfully utilize the technology.

1. Poly house Technology
Apolyhouseisspecial constructedstructure like a buildingforgrowingPlants undercontrolled
condition.Itiscoveredwitha transparent material as such permitsentryof natural light.
Apolyhouseorgreenhouseisactuallythe same thing.Traditionallythe greenhousewas constructed on
woodenframeswhere glasswasusedascoveringmaterial.Onthe adventof the plastic technology,it
becomes possible toreplace the glasswith plasticmaterial.Asthe polythene material,beingthe most
popularthe greenhouse came to know as poly house inresenttime.
Whypolyhouse technology?
The fruitsand vegetablesare missingthe dietof poormarginal Indian becauseof theiroverall shortage.
Majorityof farmersare not readyto shifttheircropland to fruitsandvegetablescultivation,hence
undersuch conditionpolyhousescanbe onlyanswerforthis.
We needpromotionof fruitsandvegetablescultivationforfinancial supporttothe farmersandtotal
foodsecuritytoall.
The polyhouse technologiesare advancedinIsrael,Holland,spain,italy,kenya,south Africa,Japanand
china.But unfortunatelymuchneglectedinIndia.
IndianandHollandhavingmore or lesssame underflowercultivationbutin worlds’ flowerexport,
Holland’scontributionis70%and India’scontributionisjust1% or evenlessbecause of advanced
technologyof playhouses inHolland.
Principle ofthe polyhouse
Growth andHealth production of plantsundercontrolled favorable conditionsinclosedorpartially
closedspace iscalledpolyhouse.polyhouse conceptemergedtoundertake adverseenvironmental
conditionssuch asexcessof raininghightemperature,extreme coldcondition,airflow etc.
Advantages of polyhouse
1. Protection fromexcessrainfall,wind,current,scorching sunlightandextremecoldconditions.
2. It can be erectedonunproductive soil

2. 3. Under minimumspace one canhave maximumproductionof cropsplants
4. Humidity ismaintained
5. Efficientuse of CO2
6. Minimumlaborrequirement
7.Minimumuse of waterand fertilizers
8.A Single personcanhave control overthousandsof plants
9. Diseases andpestscan be controlledeasily
10. Maximumuse of space
11. watercan be usedeconomically
12. Production of crop throughoutthe year
13. Protection of cropfrom birds,animals andhumanactivities
14. Labour cost isreduced
15. Quality of productisbest
TYPES OF POLYHOUSES
1. GLASS HOUSE
2. SHADE NET
3. POLYHOUSE

3. CONDITIONSMAINTAINEDIN POLYHOUSE
THERE ARE FIVE DIFFERENT TYPES OF ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS MAINTAINED INA POLYHOUSE
1. Co2
2. Temperature
3. Light
4. Humidity
5. Air Flow
Light
Lightis mostcritical factor for polyhouse.The Brightnessof lightismeasuredinLUX.For healthygrowth
of crop inpolyhouse,minimumrequirementof LUXis50000 to 60000. In India,lightLUXvariesfrom
40000 to1400000 hence manyparts of our countrysuch as Maharashtra, Karnataka,M.P. the sunlightis
brightand has to be reducedbyusingshednet.We can reduce sunlight 30%,50%, 75%. The 50% shed
netare commonin India.
Alongwiththe LUX, the wavelength of lightisalsoimportant.Onthe basisof wavelength,Lightis
classifiedintothreeultraviolatewavelength0-400nm, visible lightwave length400-700nm, light
wavelength 700onwards.
From these three types,plantsuse onlyvisiblelightforphotosynthesis.Inpolyhouse technologylightis
controlledinsucha waythat plantreceive maximumvisible lightandremaininglightgetreflected
backi.e outside the polyhouse.
Temperature
For Flowersandvegetableshealthy andmaximumgrowth,the temprequirementisbetween26’cto
30’c duringthe day time and15’c to 18’c in night.The steel frame workof polyhouse iscoveredby
polythene hence innertemp. Canrise upto 40’c. To control the tempinside the polyhouse,the
ventilationaswell ascoolingpadsandfansare used.Because of thiswe can have continuousquality
productionof herbsthroughoutthe year.
Humidity
For Flowersandvegetables,andtheirhealthyandmaximumgrowth,we shouldhave properhumidity.
Requirementof humidityforflowerproductionis65% to 80% and forvegetablesitis60% to65%.
Because of controlledhumidityplantgrowthremaincontinue,flowergrow withattractive colorsand
aftercutting,theirshelf lifealsoincreases.Humidityhelpsincolorcombinationof herbs,vegetableand
flowers.

4. Carbon di oxide
In our surroundingatmosphere CO2conc.is0.03% means300ppm. Plantsuse thisCO2 for
photosynthesis.Inpolyhouse,duringnighttimethere isnophotosynthesisbutCO2is givenoutby
respiration.ThisCO2remain accumulated aroundplantshence innightcompare tooutside,polyhouse
alwayshave more CO2 conc.
ThisCO2 isagainusedby plantsgrowinginpolyhouse forrapidphotosynthesis.Ithasbeenprovedthat
if polyhouse having1000ppmof CO2,thenherbs,vegetablesandflowersproductionincreasesto4 to 5
timesmore compare to normal conditions.
Windmovement
If humidityismore inpolyhouse,thenchancesof diseasesandpestincreases.Undersuchcondition,
side ventsof polyhouse are openedtopromote windmovementinpolyhouse.Becauseof wind
movementthe humiditydecreasesof chancesof diseasesalsoreduced.
TYPE OF POLYHOUSES
UNCONTROLLED – WHERE ONLY TOP PARTIS COVEREDWELL (GH1)
PARTIALLYCONTROLLED – WHERE POLYHOUSE HAS OPEN AND CLOSED WINDO(GH2)
COMPLETELY CONTROLLED – WHERE WINDOSARE ABSENT.ITIS TOTALLY COMPUTERIZED (GH3)
POLYHOUSES ARE CLASSIFIED INTO 3 TYPES
ATTACHED – WHEN IT IS ATTACHED OR SUPPORTEDBY A PART OF BUILDING OR ANYTYPE OF
CONSTRUCTED WALL.
DETACHED – WHEN IT IS FREE STANDINGPOSITION
CONNECTED – WHEN SEVERALPOLYHOUSES ARE JOINEDTOGETHER IN A SERIES
TYPES OF POLYHOUSES
Polyhouseshave differentshape andsizesandonthe basistheyare classified intothree types
1. Barrel shaped
2. Ridgesand furrow type
3. Saw tooth type
Shape and size variesaccordingtothe climaticconditionsof the region/country.

6. Selectionofsite for polyhouse
Followingthingsare taken into account
1. The selectionsite shouldbe free from pollution.
2. Water shouldbe available regularly
3. Supply of electricity(threephase) shouldbe regular
4. Soil shouldbe properlyleveledanddrained
5. Polyhouse shouldbe neartoroadside meansproperapproachable roadmustbe there to go to poly
house.
6. some space shouldbe there nearby furtherextension
7. Expertise and laborshouldbe available whenrequired
Directionof polyhouse
Polyhouse shouldhave lightfromall sidesandwindcurrentshouldnotdamage the polyhouse.
To overcome these problems,polyhouse shouldbe preferablysouth-Northindirection.

7. Preparation of soil
For polyhouse,soil hastobe preparedunderstrictsupervision.Firstthe floor isleveledproperlyand
thenraise bedsare preparedusingredsoil,fine sandandwell decomposedcow dungorcoco-pit.Soil is
disinfectedusingformalinsolutionandthenusedforgrowingthe crops.Cropscan be growndirectlyon
the bedsor in pots.
Irrigation methods
There are sixdifferentmethodsor irrigationas follows
1. Hand watering: Usedfor pottedplantsusingHose pipe andshower.
2. Tube Method:Advancedandusedfor pottedplant.

8. 3. Over head Sprinklers:Advancedinwhich Nozzlesare mountedonrisers.Goodfor ground beds.
Sprinklerscanalsobe insuspendedpositionabove the plant.
4. Drip Irrigation: Alsocalled“I”Irrigation.Inthismethodthe waterisgiventopottedplantsbydrips
methodat desiredinternal.

9. 5. Mist system:This systemprovide the waterinthe formof veryfine spray.The mistsare produced
fromsprinkler rrr fittedwithnozzleshavingveryfine nanopores.
6. Polythene tubing:In thismethodthe perforatedplasticpipesare usedtowater the plantsgrowingon
the beds. The polythenetubingcanalsobe usedbetweenthe rows.
Nutrients& pesticides
Micronutrientsare giventhroughirrigationsystempesticidesare used bythe spraymethodsor through
irrigation.
Plants usedpoly house technologiesare:
Floriculture:Rose, Orchids, Gerbera,Aster,Lilies,Marigold,Camation,Chrysanthemum, Anthodium
etc.

10. Vegetables:Mostlyexoticsuch as Asparagus, Broccoli, Brussels, Sprouts, Squash (Zucchini),Celery,
Cherry-Tomoto,Chinese cabbage,Leek,Lettuce,Parsley etc.
Landscape plants: And all typesof shade lovingplants or foliage.
Polyhouse isalso usedfor growingthe seedlingandhardeningof tissue culture plants.
Companiesin constructionof polyhouse
1. Sriroz consultant’s pvtltd, pune
2. NetafimirrigationIndiapvtltd,vododara
3. Greenfieldindustries,Bangalore

11. 4. Hytasu corporation, Hyderabad
5. Ginegarplasticproducts ltd, Bangalore
6. Ranjdeep Agri productspvt ltd, NewDelhi
7. Srihari greenhouse pvt ltd, pune
8. PoojaGreenhouse industries, pune.
Economics Analysis
The belowcost chart is for one acre polyhouse toproduce Dutch Rose
FIXED COST ESTIMATES OF POLYHOUSE (4000 SQ.MT)
S.NO. SPECIFICATION COST(RS.)
1 COST OF POLYHOUSE (4000 SQ.MT) 700000
2 ADDITIONALITEMS ON GH-2(FOR FANS-2) 40000
3 ELECTRICAL FITTINGS(POWERPOINTDISTRIBUTION,BOXES,ETC) 120000
4 MIST SPRAY ASSEMBLY 80000
5 INFLATION BLOWER 40000
6 TWO FANS(60CM dia) 400000
7 MonoblockACpump(3hp) 140000
8 watertank (sintex)1000 liters 160000
9 thermostat/Humidistat 80000
10 coolingpadand fittings(local made) 120000
11 Labor(extra) 60000
12 Additional filmfordoublelayer 140000
13 plantingmaterial andplantingcostof Dutchrose 1704000
Total expense(4000 sq.mt) 3784000
Government Assistance to the Farmer
1 Areaof Low costpolyhouse 4000m2
2 size of the polyhouse 200 X 20 mts
3 Total costof the structure Rs.3784000/-
4 subsidy- 50% Rs.1892000/-
5 Farmershare Rs.1892000/-
subsidygivenunder:IntegratedHorticulture DevelopmentMission(M.I.D.H) - National Horticulture Mission

12. References:
1. Nhb.gov.in
2. www.agrifarming.in
3. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/polyhouse
4. Timesofindia.indiatimes.com