The document discusses the various types of pollution, including air, water, soil, noise, visual, and thermal pollution, along with their causes and prevention methods. It highlights the detrimental effects of pollutants and suggests measures for controlling pollution, such as improving industrial practices, promoting public transportation, and using environmentally friendly products. The content emphasizes the importance of awareness and proactive efforts to protect natural and urban environments from contamination.

1. POLLUTION
TYPES ,CAUSES
AND
PREVENTION
T U S H A R S H A RMA

2. *WHAT IS POLLUTION ?
Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the
natural environment that cause adverse change
to the natural environment.
In a very simple language pollution any form of alien
substance
that’s causing harm to any natural or man made
environment

3. *TYPES OF POLLUTION
A. WATER POLLUTION
B. SOIL CONTAMINATION
C. LITTER
D. AIR POLLLUTION
E. VISUAL POLLUTION
F. NOISE POLLUTION
G. E-WASTE

4. *

5. *AIR POLLUTION
Air pollution is the introduction of harmful
particles into the Earth atmosphere, causing
diseases death to human, other organisms such
as plants or natural or built environment

6. Contamination by
Industries

7. *Sources Of Air Pollution
• Household combustion devices.
• Motor vehicles.
• Industrial facilities.
• Forest fires

8. *Pollutants causing Air
Pollution……
*Include particulate matter.
*Carbon monoxide.
*Ozone.
*Nitrogen dioxide .
*Sulfur dioxide

9. *Sources & Pollutants

10. *How to control air
pollution?
• Maintaining a healthy distance between the
industrial and residential areas.
• The chimneys should be constructed tall in
size so that the emissions must be released
higher up in the environment
• The sulphur must be removed after burning.
• The gasoline must have anti knocking
agents..
• The mining area should be planted with
trees.

11. • The coal fuel should be replaced
with gas fuel to control the air
pollution.
• The automobiles must be designed
with emission control system.
• The wastes must be removed and
recycled in the industrial plants and
refineries.
• Plants like pine and ribes need to
be planted to metabolize the
nitrogen oxides and other pollutants.

12. • Timely servicing of the car helps to
keep it in a good condition, and also
minimizes fuel exhaustion
• Using public transportation helps to
prevent the air pollution
• Using alternative energy sources like
solar energy, hydroelectric energy, and
wind energy

13. WATER POLLUTION
Water pollution is the contamination of water
bodies (e.g. lakes, rivers, oceans, aquifers
and groundwater).

14. *Polluted Water…

15. *
*Domestic sewage.
*Industrial wastewater.
*Agricultural wastewater.
*Construction site stormwater.
*Urban runoff (stormwater).

16. *
*Detergents
*Chloroform
*Food processing waste, (fats and grease)
*Insecticides and herbicides.
*Petroleum hydrocarbons, (gasoline, diesel fuel,
jet fuels, and fuel oil).
*Lubricants (motor oil).
*From stormwater runoff.

17. *
*Conserve water by turning off the tap.
*Mind what you throw down your sink or toilet.
*Don’t throw paints and oils in water channels.
*Use environment friendly household products, such as
washing powder, household cleaning agents etc.
*Take great care not to overuse pesticides and
fertilizers.
*Don’t throw litter into rivers, lakes or oceans. Help
clean up any litter you see on beaches or in rivers and
lakes, make sure it is safe to collect the litter and put
it in a nearby dustbin.

18. *

19. *

20. Noise pollution is displeasing or
excessive noise that may disrupt
the activity or balance of human
or animal life.
*

21. *
*Machines.
*Transportation systems.
*Motor vehicles.
*Aircrafts.
*Trains.
*Poor urban planning.

22. *
*Noise pollution affects both health and behavior.
*Unwanted sound (noise) can damage psychological health.
*Noise pollution can cause
*Annoyance
*Aggression .
*Hypertension .
*High stress levels .
*Hearing loss.
* sleep disturbances, and other harmful effects.

23. *

24. *
Soil contamination or soil pollution is
caused by the presence of xenobiotic
(human-made) chemicals or other
alteration in the natural soil environment.

25. *
•Petroleum hydrocarbons.
•Lead and Other heavy metals.

26. *
• Limit the use of fertilizers and pesticides
• Awareness about biological control methods and their
implementation
• The grazing must be controlled and forest management
should be done properly
• The afforestation and reforestation must take place
• Proper preventive methods like shields should be used in
areas of wind erosion and wind breaks
*Treating Wastes of industries.
*Treating nuclear waste.
*Proper disposing of plastics and other garbage materials.

27. *

28. *
* Cairo, (Egypt)
* Delhi, (India)
* Kolkata, (India)
* Tianjin, (China)
* Chongqing, (China)
* Kanpur, (India)
* Lucknow, (India)
* Jakarta, (Indonesia)
* Shenyang, (China)

29. *
*Go green.
*Reduce

30. *THERMAL POLLUTION
ADDITION OF EXCESS OF UNDESIRABLE
HEAT TO WATER THAT MAKES IT
HARMFUL TO MAN, ANIMAL OR AQUATIC
LIFE

32. CAUSES
DISCHARGE OF HEATED WATER OR HOT
WASTE MATERIAL INTO WATER BODIES
FROM
 NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS
 INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENTS
 DOMESTIC SEWAGE
 HYDRO-ELECTRIC POWER
 COAL FIRED POWER PLANTS

33. NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS
 Nuclear power plants use water as a cooling agent.
 After the water is used, it is put back into a water
supply at 9-20oC
 Emissions from nuclear reactor increase the
temperature of water bodies.

34. Industrial Effluents
Discharged water from steam-electric power industry
using turbo generators will have a higher temperature
ranging from 6 to 9˚C than the receiving water
In modern stations, producing 100 MW, nearly one
million gallons are discharged in an hour with increase
in temperature of the cooling water passing by 8 to 10 ˚C

35. Domestic sewage
Sewage is commonly discharged into lakes,
canals or streams
Municipal sewage normally has a higher
temperature than the receiving water
Increase in temperature of the receiving
water decreases the DO of water.
The foul smelling gases increased in water
resulting in death of marine organisms

36. Hydro electric power generation
Generation of hydroelectric power sometimes results in
negative thermal loading in water systems
Creates less heat on water sources less than nuclear
power plant

37. CONTROL MEASURES
 Cooling towers
 Cooling ponds
 Spray ponds
 Artificial lakes

38. Visual pollution
Visual pollution is an aesthetic issue and refers
to the impacts of pollution that impair one's
ability to enjoy a vista or view.
Visual pollution disturbs the visual areas of
people by creating negative changes in the
natural environment.

39. *
*Administrative negligence
*Excessive advertising
*Unethical drawing on the walls
*Public nuisance
* Vandalism

40. *
Effects of exposure to visual pollution include: distraction, eye
fatigue, decreases in opinion diversity, and loss of identity.
*Visual Pollution - More Dangerous than You Think It Is

41. THANK YOU