The document discusses poliomyelitis, also known as polio. It is caused by the poliovirus, which can cause paralysis. The virus is transmitted through fecal-oral contact or droplets from sneezing/coughing. The incubation period is usually 7-14 days. Clinical manifestations include abortive, prodromal, and paralytic forms. Prevention is through proper hygiene and vaccination with either oral polio vaccine or inactivated polio vaccine. Nursing care focuses on supportive care, physical therapy, and preventing complications like respiratory paralysis.

1. Child Health Nursing/Clinical
(1402341)
“Poliomyelitis”
By: MajdEddin
Qubbaj
Submitted to
Dr.Haytham Al-Oran
Asmaa Al-Maitah
November 2022

2. Outline
** This seminar covers the following:
 Definition, agent, and mode transmission of poliomyelitis
 Incubation period and period of communicability of poliomyelitis
 Clinical manifestation and complications of poliomyelitis
 Therapeutic and nursing care management for poliomyelitis
 Summary & Conclusion
 References

3. Learning Objectives
**After mastering the content of this seminar, you should be able to :
 Outline the definition, agent, source and transmission of poliomyelitis
 State incubation period and period of communicability of poliomyelitis
 Identify clinical manifestation and complications of poliomyelitis
 Discuss therapeutic and nursing management

4. Poliomyelitis, or simply Poliovirus is a virus that
Polio, is a highly contagious destroys nervous system
infectious caused by causing partial or full paralysis
three types of poliovirus
wild poliovirus type 1 (WPV1),
wild poliovirus type 2 (WPV2)
wild poliovirus type 3 (WPV3)
agent: Enteroviruses
Poliomyelitis
 Definition

6. Type 1
Most frequent cause of
paralysis, both epidemic and
endemic
Type 3
Second most frequently
associated with paralysis
Type 2
Least frequently associated
with paralysis
Poliomyelitis (Cont….)
Types of poliomyelitis

7. Poliomyelitis (Cont….)
Transmission
■The poliovirus spreads most often from fecal- oral contact, Sneezing
and coughing, usually this occurs from poor hand washing.
Incubation period : usually 7-14 days
Period of communicability
■ The risk of transmission of infection is greatest for the 7–10 days before and
following the onset of symptoms.
■ The virus persists in the throat for approximately 1 week
and 4-6 in weeks faeces

8. Poliomyelitis (Cont….)
Clinical manifestations
Abortive
Prodromal
(catarral)
 Fever, anxiety sore throat, headache, anorexia,
vomiting, abdominal pain
 Lasts a few hours to a few days
Non-paralytic  Same manifestations as abortive but more severe
with pain and stiffness in neck, back and leg
Paralytic  Initial course similar to non-paralytic type,
followed by recovery and then signs of central
nervous system paralysis

9. The most important
prevention is education
family about hygiene (hand
washing)
The best way to prevent polio
is by being vaccinated
* Type of polio vaccine:
1) Oral polio vaccine (OPV)
)given in 4dosese(
(
2 Inactivated poliovirus (IPV)
)given in 3 dosese(
Poliomyelitis (Cont….)
Prevention

10. (2 Months )
(3 months )
(4 months )
(9 months )
(1 year)
(Year and a half)

11. comparison of OPV and IPV
Oral polio vaccine (OPV) Inactivated polio vaccine (IPV)
Live, (weakened) virus Killed virus
Administered by 2 drops Administered by injection IM /ID
0.5ml
Inexpensive More expensive than OPV

12. Permanent paralysis
Respiratory arrest
Hypertension
Kidney stone from demineralization
of bone during prolonged immobility
Poliomyelitis (Cont….)
Complication

13. There's no cure for children who become infected with polio
 Supportive:
i. Complete bed rest during acute phase
ii. Mechanical or assisted ventilation in case of respiratory paralysis
iii. Physical therapy for muscles after acute stage
Poliomyelitis (Cont….)
Therapeutic management

14. Position child to maintain body alignment and prevent contractures or
skin breakdown
Use footboard or appropriate orthoses to prevent footdrop
Use pressure mattress for prolonged immobility
 Encourage child to perform activities of daily living
Poliomyelitis (Cont….)
Nursing care management

15. Administer analgesics for maximum comfort during physical activity
Give high-protein diet and bowel management for prolonged
immobility
Observe for respiratory paralysis (difficulty talking, ineffective
cough, inability to hold breath, shallow and rapid respirations)
Poliomyelitis (Cont….)
Nursing care management (Cont….)

16. Summary& Conclusion

17. Summary& Conclusion (Cont….)

18. References
 Hockenberry, M. J., Wilson, D., & Rodgers, C. C. (2017). Wong’s
Essentials of Pediatric Nursing (10th Edit)
 Hockenberry, M. J., Wilson, D., & Rodgers, C. C. (2021). Wong's
Essentials of Pediatric Nursing-E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences.