What is Africa’s roadmap to address climate change green growth and climate-related risks?
Is there evidence of Leadership commitment to mainstream sustainability into strategies and operations?
In this issue of Policybrief, we answer these questions about the East African Capital markets.
During the webinar, the speakers promoted a set of training materials that is freely available for those interested in learning more about the implementation of NDCs in the agriculture sector in Africa.
More info about the webinar: https://ccafs.cgiar.org/implementing-ndcs-agriculture-sector-across-africa-what-directions-capacity-building#.XxaxH_gzbfZ
Over the last 4 billion years known history of earth, nature has not wasted even one drop of water. We can learn from nature and try to establish zero-waste compassionate circular free market economies. Islamic finance must play a central role in such a transformation.
During the webinar, the speakers promoted a set of training materials that is freely available for those interested in learning more about the implementation of NDCs in the agriculture sector in Africa.
More info about the webinar: https://ccafs.cgiar.org/implementing-ndcs-agriculture-sector-across-africa-what-directions-capacity-building#.XxaxH_gzbfZ
During the webinar, the speakers promoted a set of training materials that is freely available for those interested in learning more about the implementation of NDCs in the agriculture sector in Africa.
More info about the webinar: https://ccafs.cgiar.org/implementing-ndcs-agriculture-sector-across-africa-what-directions-capacity-building#.XxaxH_gzbfZ
During the webinar, the speakers promoted a set of training materials that is freely available for those interested in learning more about the implementation of NDCs in the agriculture sector in Africa.
More info about the webinar: https://ccafs.cgiar.org/implementing-ndcs-agriculture-sector-across-africa-what-directions-capacity-building#.XxaxH_gzbfZ
During the webinar, the speakers promoted a set of training materials that is freely available for those interested in learning more about the implementation of NDCs in the agriculture sector in Africa.
More info about the webinar: https://ccafs.cgiar.org/implementing-ndcs-agriculture-sector-across-africa-what-directions-capacity-building#.XxaxH_gzbfZ
Over the last 4 billion years known history of earth, nature has not wasted even one drop of water. We can learn from nature and try to establish zero-waste compassionate circular free market economies. Islamic finance must play a central role in such a transformation.
During the webinar, the speakers promoted a set of training materials that is freely available for those interested in learning more about the implementation of NDCs in the agriculture sector in Africa.
More info about the webinar: https://ccafs.cgiar.org/implementing-ndcs-agriculture-sector-across-africa-what-directions-capacity-building#.XxaxH_gzbfZ
During the webinar, the speakers promoted a set of training materials that is freely available for those interested in learning more about the implementation of NDCs in the agriculture sector in Africa.
More info about the webinar: https://ccafs.cgiar.org/implementing-ndcs-agriculture-sector-across-africa-what-directions-capacity-building#.XxaxH_gzbfZ
During the webinar, the speakers promoted a set of training materials that is freely available for those interested in learning more about the implementation of NDCs in the agriculture sector in Africa.
More info about the webinar: https://ccafs.cgiar.org/implementing-ndcs-agriculture-sector-across-africa-what-directions-capacity-building#.XxaxH_gzbfZ
During the webinar, the speakers promoted a set of training materials that is freely available for those interested in learning more about the implementation of NDCs in the agriculture sector in Africa.
More info about the webinar: https://ccafs.cgiar.org/implementing-ndcs-agriculture-sector-across-africa-what-directions-capacity-building#.XxaxH_gzbfZ
Presentation hold by Jean-François Maystadt, Researcher at the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), as part of the second panel of the 30th edition of the Brussels Briefing on “Agricultural resilience in the face of crisis and shocks", organized by CTA in collaboration with the ACP Secretariat, the EC/DEVCO, Concord, and IFPRI on 4th March 2013.
More on: http://brusselsbriefings.net/
Lini Wollenberg presented "Advancing agricultural climate action in agriculture and food systems" at the West African Virtual Workshop hosted by the Climate and Clear Air Coalition (CCAC) online on August 27th, 2020.
During the webinar, the speakers promoted a set of training materials that is freely available for those interested in learning more about the implementation of NDCs in the agriculture sector in Africa.
More info about the webinar: https://ccafs.cgiar.org/implementing-ndcs-agriculture-sector-across-africa-what-directions-capacity-building#.XxaxH_gzbfZ
Samoa Agritourism Policy Setting Worskhop 2016
Linking Agriculture and Tourism through Policy setting:
Strengthening the local agrifood sector and promoting agritourism
Workshop organised by the Government of Samoa and CTA
in collaboration with PIPSO
Apia, Samoa, 13-16 December 2016
The Global Resilience Partnership, spearheaded by The Rockefeller Foundation, the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), and the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida), aims to help millions of people in the Sahel, the Horn of Africa, and South and Southeast Asia build stronger and more resilient futures.
Horizon Scan: ICT and the Future of Food and AgricultureEricsson
Research report from Ericsson and Imperial College London outlines some of the large-scale ICT interventions that will play a role in transforming global food and agriculture sector supply chains to ensure delivery of safe, sustainable and secure food supplies in a rapidly changing world.
Promoting regional trade and agribusiness development in the Pacific :
2nd PACIFIC AGRIBUSINESS FORUM
"Linking the agrifood sector to the local markets for economic growth and improved food and nutrition security"
Organised by PIPSO, CTA, IFAD, SPC and SPTO
Tanoa Tusitala Hotel, Apia, Samoa, 29th August -1st September 2016
"Rethinking Agriculture for the 21st Century: Climate change mitigation opportunities and challenges" was presented by Lini Wollenberg online at the KfW Webinar on May 28, 2020.
Food security and adapting to climate change in the Sahel: A landscape approachCIFOR-ICRAF
This presentation by Anthony Nyong from the African Development Bank shows the challenges, key policy and strategy issues in the Sahel zone, how to strengthen institutional capacities, how people can access financing, what the opportunities are and what can be concluded from all that.
This briefing paper has been prepared for the World Ocean Summit 2015, to share the initial findings of two upcoming white papers on the “State of the blue economy” and “Investing in the blue economy”, sponsored by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, which will be published following the World Ocean Summit.
A review of the Ethiopian context
Presented by IWMI's Gebrehaweria Gebregziabher at a Roundtable on Building Resilience to Climate Change through Community Dialogues held in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, September 20, 2016
During the webinar, the speakers promoted a set of training materials that is freely available for those interested in learning more about the implementation of NDCs in the agriculture sector in Africa.
More info about the webinar: https://ccafs.cgiar.org/implementing-ndcs-agriculture-sector-across-africa-what-directions-capacity-building#.XxaxH_gzbfZ
Presentation hold by Jean-François Maystadt, Researcher at the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), as part of the second panel of the 30th edition of the Brussels Briefing on “Agricultural resilience in the face of crisis and shocks", organized by CTA in collaboration with the ACP Secretariat, the EC/DEVCO, Concord, and IFPRI on 4th March 2013.
More on: http://brusselsbriefings.net/
Lini Wollenberg presented "Advancing agricultural climate action in agriculture and food systems" at the West African Virtual Workshop hosted by the Climate and Clear Air Coalition (CCAC) online on August 27th, 2020.
During the webinar, the speakers promoted a set of training materials that is freely available for those interested in learning more about the implementation of NDCs in the agriculture sector in Africa.
More info about the webinar: https://ccafs.cgiar.org/implementing-ndcs-agriculture-sector-across-africa-what-directions-capacity-building#.XxaxH_gzbfZ
Samoa Agritourism Policy Setting Worskhop 2016
Linking Agriculture and Tourism through Policy setting:
Strengthening the local agrifood sector and promoting agritourism
Workshop organised by the Government of Samoa and CTA
in collaboration with PIPSO
Apia, Samoa, 13-16 December 2016
The Global Resilience Partnership, spearheaded by The Rockefeller Foundation, the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), and the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida), aims to help millions of people in the Sahel, the Horn of Africa, and South and Southeast Asia build stronger and more resilient futures.
Horizon Scan: ICT and the Future of Food and AgricultureEricsson
Research report from Ericsson and Imperial College London outlines some of the large-scale ICT interventions that will play a role in transforming global food and agriculture sector supply chains to ensure delivery of safe, sustainable and secure food supplies in a rapidly changing world.
Promoting regional trade and agribusiness development in the Pacific :
2nd PACIFIC AGRIBUSINESS FORUM
"Linking the agrifood sector to the local markets for economic growth and improved food and nutrition security"
Organised by PIPSO, CTA, IFAD, SPC and SPTO
Tanoa Tusitala Hotel, Apia, Samoa, 29th August -1st September 2016
"Rethinking Agriculture for the 21st Century: Climate change mitigation opportunities and challenges" was presented by Lini Wollenberg online at the KfW Webinar on May 28, 2020.
Food security and adapting to climate change in the Sahel: A landscape approachCIFOR-ICRAF
This presentation by Anthony Nyong from the African Development Bank shows the challenges, key policy and strategy issues in the Sahel zone, how to strengthen institutional capacities, how people can access financing, what the opportunities are and what can be concluded from all that.
This briefing paper has been prepared for the World Ocean Summit 2015, to share the initial findings of two upcoming white papers on the “State of the blue economy” and “Investing in the blue economy”, sponsored by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, which will be published following the World Ocean Summit.
A review of the Ethiopian context
Presented by IWMI's Gebrehaweria Gebregziabher at a Roundtable on Building Resilience to Climate Change through Community Dialogues held in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, September 20, 2016
Investisseurs & Partenaires (I&P) publishes the last version of the annual ESG & Impact Report of the fund I&P Afrique Entrepreneurs (IPAE), dedicated to Small and Medium Businesses in Sub-Saharan Africa.
This synthesis review, prepared with financial support from the Rockefeller Foundation,
is a companion report to the evaluation of the Foundation’s work on African
Agriculture Resilience (AAR) and Carbon for Poverty Reduction (CPR). The synthesis
review seeks to identify lessons from a broad range of efforts to build climate resilient
agriculture and reduce poverty through carbon markets in Africa. The Rockefeller
Foundation and its grantees and partners are interested in learning not only from the
Foundation’s work but from the work of others, in order to gain a better understanding
of what constitutes successful activities for building climate resilient agriculture
and what works and does not work in carbon projects for poverty reduction in the
agricultural sector.
Agriculture continues to play a key role in the formal economies and in sustaining
local livelihoods in Africa. Climate change, in combination with widespread levels of
poverty and food insecurity, could potentially have large impacts on the well-being of
smallholder farmers and economic growth in the region. Climate resilient agricultural
development and carbon markets for poverty reduction are rapidly emerging as key
issues for development policy and practice. In ensuring that African agriculture is
resilient to the changing climate, it has become imperative to protect livelihoods and
to reduce food insecurity. At the same time, the emerging market for carbon may offer
new possibilities for agriculture to benefit from land use management practices that
sequester carbon, which could, in turn, contribute to poverty reduction.
The report first briefly introduces current debates surrounding AAR and CPR. In spite
of wide agreement about the need for AAR and CPR efforts in the region, determining
the best ways to approach them remains a contentious and uncertain challenge. The
report also examines ongoing AAR- and CPR-type work in the region, based on a rapid
desk-based screening of existing programs and projects, and on analyses available in
the public domain. Tables 1 and 2 summarize reviewed practices, key findings and
early lessons for reviewed adaptation and carbon activities, respectively.
IGF guidance-governments-environmental-management-mining-enSteve Kuria
This report highlights the key issues, benchmarks, and standards in four main areas of environmental management in mining—water, biodiversity, waste,
and emergency preparedness and response—and the role of governments in ensuring that each is effectively managed in support of sustainable development.
Finalist of Dragon's den 2019
During GLF Luxembourg 2019: https://events.globallandscapesforum.org/agenda/luxembourg-2019/day-1-2/dragons-den-icfa-annoucements/
Presentation - Seventh Roundtable on Financing Agricultural Water - Marwan LadkiOECD Environment
Presentation - Seventh Roundtable on Financing Agricultural Water - Marwan Ladki, PhD, Principal Irrigation Engineer, Agriculture & Agro-Industry Department, African Development Bank
An Introduction to Ustadi by George Mazuri. USTADI is an initiative of Netherlands Development Organization (SNV), Humanist Institute for Cooperation with Developing Countries (HIVOS) and a consortium of other ‘thought leaders’ intended to create a market embedded capacity development facility as a means to support localization and sustainability of capacity development services in Kenya.
Sandra Broka (The World Bank) • 2021 IFPRI Egypt Seminar Series: "Climate Cha...Lina Abdelfattah
IFPRI Egypt Seminar Series provides a platform for all people striving to identify and implement evidence-based policy solutions that sustainably reduce poverty and end hunger and malnutrition. The series is part of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) funded project called “Evaluating Impact and Building Capacity” (EIBC) that is implemented by IFPRI.
Coastal Natural Capital - How do we counteract coastal erosion, wetland deple...NET Africa
Coastal Natural Capital
How do we counteract coastal erosion, wetland depletion, and environmental degradation to improve economic growth?
In this issue, we focus on coastal natural capital.
How do we counteract coastal erosion, wetland depletion, and environmental degradation to improve economic growth? We look at different regions within Africa to understand how they are addressing the challenges of managing coastal natural capital, as well as the potential solutions to the issue, soft and hard coastal management techniques.
1. CASE STUDY 1: Mangrove Ecosystem Economic Value in Mida Creek, Kenya. Discussing the link between coastal natural capital and sustainable economic growth. Discussing the economic value of mangrove ecosystem provisioning services, regulating and supporting services and recreational services. We also discuss Kenya’s mangrove ecosystem management plan 2017 to 2027.
2. CASE STUDY 2: West, Central & Southern Africa challenges in eco-governance. Anthropogenic causes of coastal erosion in West, Central & Southern African region. Soft and hard techniques to address coastal erosion.
Wetlands sustainability report2 - East Africa Region ReportNET Africa
The aim of these weekly research reports is to raise awareness about African wetlands. This week the Ondiri Wetland is our focus. The need to raise awareness about the wetland is critical. We also launch the SDG Young Ambassadors Educational Program for school aged young people across Europe to learn more about wetlands in Africa. The microsite is currently being translated into different languages and will be fully accessible by the end of June. We also review the World Environment Day in Kenya, Nairobi.
Wetlands sustainability report3 -South Africa EditionNET Africa
Special edition: South Africa Regional Report Did you know that Botswana pioneered water accounting in the late 1990s and early 2000s?
This week we focus on Botswana, the South African country that pioneered water accounting in the late 1990s and early 2000s. We look at the progress they have made and how they have changed the way, we account for water all over the world.
We also feature Lake Malawi, which is a freshwater lake in the Africa Great Lakes region. It is rich in biodiversity with over 800 species of cichlids. Part of this lake due to its scenic beauty and outstanding universal values is a World Heritage Site. However, since 2011, the oil industry has explored Lake for oil. According to a number of leading environmental experts, including Godfrey Mfiti, any oil drilling in this Lake is detrimental to the survival of wildlife and available freshwater from this Lake. We review a book discussing the argument against oil exploration.
Weekly Wetlands Sustainability Report - (June 5) NET Africa (www.netafrica.be)NET Africa
NET Africa launches the weekly wetlands sustainability report to raise awareness about the holistic value of wetlands as well as the importance of improving environmental management and auditing. Each week the wetlands sustainability report will feature different aspects of the value of wetlands across Africa, focusing on a wide range of environmental, social, cultural, economic, political and sustainable issues.
Weekly Wetlands Sustainability Report - NET Africa (www.netafrica.be)NET Africa
This week we focus on SDG 13 Climate Action, SDG 11 sustainable cities and communities and SD6’ Clean water and sanitation, SDG 4 Education. We also focus on World Environment Day.
4 simple steps to improving environmental managementNET Africa
Our ongoing continuous assessment program provides reliable data, promotes the importance of monitoring and improving knowledge and vital information for decision making on natural resources.
Recruiting in the Digital Age: A Social Media MasterclassLuanWise
In this masterclass, presented at the Global HR Summit on 5th June 2024, Luan Wise explored the essential features of social media platforms that support talent acquisition, including LinkedIn, Facebook, Instagram, X (formerly Twitter) and TikTok.
3.0 Project 2_ Developing My Brand Identity Kit.pptxtanyjahb
A personal brand exploration presentation summarizes an individual's unique qualities and goals, covering strengths, values, passions, and target audience. It helps individuals understand what makes them stand out, their desired image, and how they aim to achieve it.
Implicitly or explicitly all competing businesses employ a strategy to select a mix
of marketing resources. Formulating such competitive strategies fundamentally
involves recognizing relationships between elements of the marketing mix (e.g.,
price and product quality), as well as assessing competitive and market conditions
(i.e., industry structure in the language of economics).
"𝑩𝑬𝑮𝑼𝑵 𝑾𝑰𝑻𝑯 𝑻𝑱 𝑰𝑺 𝑯𝑨𝑳𝑭 𝑫𝑶𝑵𝑬"
𝐓𝐉 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐬 (𝐓𝐉 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐦𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬) is a professional event agency that includes experts in the event-organizing market in Vietnam, Korea, and ASEAN countries. We provide unlimited types of events from Music concerts, Fan meetings, and Culture festivals to Corporate events, Internal company events, Golf tournaments, MICE events, and Exhibitions.
𝐓𝐉 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐬 provides unlimited package services including such as Event organizing, Event planning, Event production, Manpower, PR marketing, Design 2D/3D, VIP protocols, Interpreter agency, etc.
Sports events - Golf competitions/billiards competitions/company sports events: dynamic and challenging
⭐ 𝐅𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐣𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐬:
➢ 2024 BAEKHYUN [Lonsdaleite] IN HO CHI MINH
➢ SUPER JUNIOR-L.S.S. THE SHOW : Th3ee Guys in HO CHI MINH
➢FreenBecky 1st Fan Meeting in Vietnam
➢CHILDREN ART EXHIBITION 2024: BEYOND BARRIERS
➢ WOW K-Music Festival 2023
➢ Winner [CROSS] Tour in HCM
➢ Super Show 9 in HCM with Super Junior
➢ HCMC - Gyeongsangbuk-do Culture and Tourism Festival
➢ Korean Vietnam Partnership - Fair with LG
➢ Korean President visits Samsung Electronics R&D Center
➢ Vietnam Food Expo with Lotte Wellfood
"𝐄𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐲 𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐚 𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐲, 𝐚 𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐣𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐧𝐞𝐲. 𝐖𝐞 𝐚𝐥𝐰𝐚𝐲𝐬 𝐛𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐞𝐯𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐬𝐡𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐥𝐲 𝐲𝐨𝐮 𝐰𝐢𝐥𝐥 𝐛𝐞 𝐚 𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐨𝐮𝐫 𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐬."
LA HUG - Video Testimonials with Chynna Morgan - June 2024Lital Barkan
Have you ever heard that user-generated content or video testimonials can take your brand to the next level? We will explore how you can effectively use video testimonials to leverage and boost your sales, content strategy, and increase your CRM data.🤯
We will dig deeper into:
1. How to capture video testimonials that convert from your audience 🎥
2. How to leverage your testimonials to boost your sales 💲
3. How you can capture more CRM data to understand your audience better through video testimonials. 📊
Building Your Employer Brand with Social MediaLuanWise
Presented at The Global HR Summit, 6th June 2024
In this keynote, Luan Wise will provide invaluable insights to elevate your employer brand on social media platforms including LinkedIn, Facebook, Instagram, X (formerly Twitter) and TikTok. You'll learn how compelling content can authentically showcase your company culture, values, and employee experiences to support your talent acquisition and retention objectives. Additionally, you'll understand the power of employee advocacy to amplify reach and engagement – helping to position your organization as an employer of choice in today's competitive talent landscape.
Cracking the Workplace Discipline Code Main.pptxWorkforce Group
Cultivating and maintaining discipline within teams is a critical differentiator for successful organisations.
Forward-thinking leaders and business managers understand the impact that discipline has on organisational success. A disciplined workforce operates with clarity, focus, and a shared understanding of expectations, ultimately driving better results, optimising productivity, and facilitating seamless collaboration.
Although discipline is not a one-size-fits-all approach, it can help create a work environment that encourages personal growth and accountability rather than solely relying on punitive measures.
In this deck, you will learn the significance of workplace discipline for organisational success. You’ll also learn
• Four (4) workplace discipline methods you should consider
• The best and most practical approach to implementing workplace discipline.
• Three (3) key tips to maintain a disciplined workplace.
Improving profitability for small businessBen Wann
In this comprehensive presentation, we will explore strategies and practical tips for enhancing profitability in small businesses. Tailored to meet the unique challenges faced by small enterprises, this session covers various aspects that directly impact the bottom line. Attendees will learn how to optimize operational efficiency, manage expenses, and increase revenue through innovative marketing and customer engagement techniques.
The world of search engine optimization (SEO) is buzzing with discussions after Google confirmed that around 2,500 leaked internal documents related to its Search feature are indeed authentic. The revelation has sparked significant concerns within the SEO community. The leaked documents were initially reported by SEO experts Rand Fishkin and Mike King, igniting widespread analysis and discourse. For More Info:- https://news.arihantwebtech.com/search-disrupted-googles-leaked-documents-rock-the-seo-world/
Personal Brand Statement:
As an Army veteran dedicated to lifelong learning, I bring a disciplined, strategic mindset to my pursuits. I am constantly expanding my knowledge to innovate and lead effectively. My journey is driven by a commitment to excellence, and to make a meaningful impact in the world.
1. POLICYBRIEF / Spring Edition 2021 / East African Stock Exchange’s
POLICYBRIEF
NATURAL
ENVIRONMENT
TECHNOLOGY
IN AFRICA
INSIDE THIS ISSUE
AFRICA SUSTAINABILITY, RISK & OPPORTUNITIES
OVERVIEW OF AFRICA –SUSTAINABILITY & CLIMATE RISK STRATEGY
What is Africa’s roadmap to address climate-related risks?
PART 1: EAST AFRICAN CAPITAL MARKETS
- LEADERSHIP COMMITMENT
Is there evidence of Leadership commitment to mainstream sustainability into strategies
and operations?
- OVERVIEW OF RISK AND OPPORTUNITIES
- Capital market sectors with high climate-related risks and opportunities- 2021
- CASE STUDY: AGRICULTURE RISK
Spring 2021
2. POLICYBRIEF / Spring Edition 2021 / East African Stock Exchange’s
What is Africa’s roadmap to address climate change
green growth and climate-related risks?
The African Development Bank set out a plan of action to address climate-related risks. The strategic action plan spans
a period of ten years (2013 – 2022), focusing on two key objectives green and inclusive growth, that supports African
countries in their transition to a low carbon economy. iGreen growth is defined as a path of economic growth and
development, while ensuring that natural assets continue to provide the resources and environmental services on which
our well-being relies. iiInclusive growth can be defined as a path of economic growth that is distributed fairly across
society and creates opportunities for all.
The green growth objective is set and defined within the Bank’s Green Bonds Portfolio, which consists of a pool of
projects based on the Bank’s methodology for tracking climate finance mitigation and adaptation. iiiEligible climate
finance mitigation projects include projects that specifically target a reduction in Greenhouse Gas emissions (GHG) into
the atmosphere or the absorption from the atmosphere. Examples include; renewable energy such as solar, wind, hydro,
and geothermal. Energy efficiency, low-carbon transport infrastructure and biosphere conservation. Eligible climate
finance adaptation projects are projects that target the reduction in the vulnerability of human or nature systems by
maintaining or increasing adaptive capacity and resilience. Eligible climate finance adaptation projects include
sustainable water and wastewater management, water use management, water supply and access, urban water
drainage systems, and agriculture.
African green growth is providing benefits to African capital markets by attracting new listings of green themed products,
strengthening competitive advantage, meeting the needs of investors and issuers and reinforcing exchanges social
license. In view of this, Africa is beginning to address climate related risks.
Fadeke Ayoola
CEO NET Africa
INTRODUCTION
3. POLICYBRIEF / Spring Edition 2021 / East African Stock Exchange’s
Source: Green & Social Bond Newsletter – African Development Bank (March 2020)
OVERVIEW OF AFRICA –SUSTAINABILITY &
CLIMATE RISK STRATEGY (2013 – 2022)
Ten-Year Strategy
Green Growth
Strategy
Inclusive Growth
Green Bond Framework
Strategy
Social Bond Framework
Strategy
Definitions
Green Growth – A path of economic growth and development, while ensuring that natural assets continue to provide
the resources and environmental services on which our well-being relies – (OECD).
Inclusive Growth – A path of economic growth that is distributed fairly across society and creates opportunities for all –
(OECD).
Green Bond – Green Bonds are any type of bond instrument where the proceeds will be exclusively applied to finance
or re-finance in part or in full new and/or existing eligible Green Projects – International Climate Market Association –
(ICMA).
Social Bond – Social Bonds are use of proceeds bonds that raise funds for new and existing projects with positive social
outcomes - (ICMA).
Climate Change
Mitigation
Climate Change
Adaptation Social Outcomes Target Population
RENEWABLE ENERGY
(Solar, Wind, Hydro,
Geothermal)
ENERGY EFFICIENCY
(Energy Distribution
Systems / Vehicle
Energy Efficiency)
CLEAN
TRANSPORATION
(Low-Carbon Transport
Infrastructure)
BIOSPHERE
CONSERVATION
(Forestry
Conservation)
SUSTAINABLE WATER
& WASTEWATER
MANAGEMENT
(Water & Wastewater
Management /
Agriculture)
SUSTAINABLE WATER &
WASTEWATER
MANAGEMENT (Water
Use Management /
water supply and access
/ Urban Water Drainage
Systems / Agriculture)
ENERGY, ICT, WATER
SUPPLY & SANITATION
(Basic Infrastructure /
Essential Services)
SOCIAL
Affordable Housing /
Healthcare /Last-mile
Electricity Connectivity /
Education & Vocational
Training / Employment /
Financial Inclusion /
Gender Equality
AGRICULTURE & FOOD
SECURITY
Food Security
Living below the poverty
line / Excluded /
Marginalized /
Vulnerable Groups /
Disabled / Migrants
and/or Displaced /
Undereducated /
Underserved
/Unemployed
4. POLICYBRIEF / Spring Edition 2021 / East African Stock Exchange’s
TEPID
(Research into Green Growth /
Identified Investable Green Projects
/ liaising with key stakeholders)
STRONG
(ESG Disclosure / Regulation /
Green Bond / Social Bond, SDGs)
WEAK
(Lack of measurable outcome)
TEPID
(Sustainability is part of core values
and mentioned on mission/vision
statement)
Sustainability
Leadership
Commitment
PART 1: EAST AFRICAN
CAPITAL MARKETS
5. POLICYBRIEF / Spring Edition 2021 / East African Stock Exchange’s
The capital markets within East Africa date back to the 1950’s with the establishment of the Nairobi Stock Exchange
(NSE) in 1954 which covered the entire east African region including listed companies from Uganda and Tanzania.
All four capital markets have comparable laws governing these markets with few discrepancies, the only main
differences being the level of capital market development.
Table 1: Capital Markets (East Africa)
COUNTRY YEAR EXCHANGE
No. of listed
Companies
Domestic Market
capitalization
Kenya 1954 Nairobi Securities Exchange (NSE) 62 26.489 million USD$
Tanzania 1996 Dar es Salaam Stock Exchange 26 10.164 million USD$
Uganda 1997 Uganda Securities Exchange (USE) 16 7.804 million USD$
Rwanda 2011 Rwanda Stock Exchange 8 1 million USD$
In this section, we conduct a brief analysis into leadership commitment on incorporating sustainability into the
exchange’s vision, strategies and operations.
Table 2: Leadership Commitment Indicators (East Africa)
KEY: Strong leadership = 5+ / Tepid Leadership = 2+ / Weak Leadership = 1
Using narrative disclosures which include, chairman’s statement, chief executive’s review, social and environmental
reports, evidence from the sustainable stock exchange as well as table 2 above, we find that there is evidence of varying
levels of leadership commitment on incorporating sustainability into the exchange’s vision, strategies and operations.
For instance, within the Nairobi Stock Exchange sustainability is one of their core values which is evidenced through
their green bond investment opportunities, offering investors the opportunity to invest in environmentally friendly fixed
income security. They also offer public education courses on green securities, green bond training programs, green
bond annual reports as well as a green bond manual for guidance for investors.
Within the Dar es Salaam Stock Exchange (Tanzania) leadership commitment is embedded within their vision statement,
‘to be a sustainable securities exchange that is an engine of economic growth for Tanzania.’ However, additional
evidence was not forthcoming regarding actioned outcomes on sustainability. Within the Ugandan stock exchange,
sustainability is embedded within their vision aspirations stating a commitment to empower their customers through
service excellence and innovation in order to promote safe, convenient and sustainable investments. A sub-committee
conducts a rigorous proactive process that considers trends affecting the long-term success and future viability of the
Exchange. Management reviews the business strategic focus areas based on the analysis of the current business
environment. In contrast, there is little evidence of leadership commitment on sustainability in the Rwandan capital
market.
Recommendation: A sustainability steering committee within each capital market apart from the Nairobi Stock
Exchange to promote leadership commitment to mainstream sustainability into their strategies and operations. To also
develop a green bond program. The committee could focus on (1) Sustainable Agriculture, (2) Waste and Water
Management, (3) Clean Transport, (4) Energy Efficiency, (5) Green buildings, (6) Renewable Energy and (7)
Infrastructure.
EXCHANGE
ESG
Regulation
Annual
Sustainability
Report
Has SME listed
platform
Green
Bonds
ESG
Training
Sustainability
mentioned in
Vision/ Mission
Leadership
Outcome
Nairobi Securities Exchange (NSE) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Strong
Dar es Salaam Stock Exchange No No Yes No No Yes Tepid
Uganda Securities Exchange (USE) No Yes Yes No No Yes Tepid
Rwanda Stock Exchange No No Yes No No No Weak
LEADERSHIP COMMITMENT
As illustrated in table 1, capital
market development varies
between capital markets in
Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, and
Rwanda, this is due to several
factors including the year the
capital market was
established, the size, and
domestic market capitalization.
6. POLICYBRIEF / Spring Edition 2021 / East African Stock Exchange’s
What is the climate-related risks and opportunities associated with Green Growth?
The African economy is more severely affected by climate-related risks and opportunities including pandemics due to
its geographical characteristics as well as its profound reliance on natural resources. There is an urgent need for
strategic financial investment in climate finance which places capital markets in Africa in a strategic position to reinforce
their social licence by promoting green products that direct finance towards environmentally beneficial projects. Green
Finance is one of many solutions that enable corporations to access Green Finance and produce environmentally
friendly products and services that contribute toward a reduction in global warming, as well as a practical approach to
achieving the Paris Agreement. Therefore, there are many benefits for capital markets to adopt Green Finance.
Table 3: Capital market sectors with high climate-related risks and opportunities- 2021
Source: NSE, USE, RSE, Dar es Salaam Stock Exchange
Analysis of listed companies in East African Capital Markets
The four industrial sectors in table 3, have the highest climate related risks and opportunities within East Africa Capital
Markets, due to their heavy reliance on natural capital and/or their high GHG emissions. In Uganda, 47% (8/17) of their
listed companies require ESG Regulation, guidance and support that is almost 50% of the listed companies in Uganda.
In Kenya, 55% (35/64) that is over 50%. In Tanzania, 41%, (11/27), and in RWANDA 30% of listed companies listed
require ESG Regulation, guidance and support.
Materials and buildings are the sector with the highest number of listed companies across the four capital markets.
This sector includes materials such as clay, cement, paint and cables. To achieve a low-carbon economy and transition
to clean energy to meet the need of a growing population and urbanisation, green construction and green materials are
required to shape and accelerate this endeavour. The benefits of investing in green buildings include efficient buildings,
increased value of fixed assets and energy-efficient buildings as well as reduced operating and maintenance costs.
iv
Agriculture, Food and Forestry are the sector with the second highest number of listed companies, across the capital
markets. Risks include price volatility, the price of inputs, the price of farm products, as well as the income derived from
farming operations. Production and market risks can disrupt supply chains that are dependent on agriculture. Food and
agricultural production are highly exposed to a wide range of natural disasters, with hydro-meteorological hazards
affecting the largest number of people. Hydro-meteorological disasters in the region comprise of floods, landslides, and
droughts. Opportunities facing this sector include the carbon offset market.
Transportation accounts for one-fifth of global emissions (CO2). Short and long-term mitigation strategies are critically
needed in order to reduce emissions and transition to a low carbon economy. The main strategic approach to addressing
this issue is switching to lower-carbon fuels. Companies within this sector need to adopt mitigation strategies.
Energy: To reduce GHG emissions lower emission sources are required such as on- and offshore wind energy, solar
energy, and small-scale hydropower.
Recommendations: For capital markets to consider the following: (1) increase Green Finance/Bond awareness to
widen market participation, (2) Refer to the Green Bond Principles and Climate Bonds standards for guidance to
improve harmonisation with international standards, (3) Develop Green Bonds with tax incentives. (4) refer to
Sustainable Stock Exchanges for further guidance.
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Energy
Transportation
Materials and Buildings
Agriculture, Food, Forest
Kenya Tanzania Uganda Rwanda
OVERVIEW OF RISK AND OPPORTUNITIES
OVERVIEW RISKS AND OPPORTUNITIES
7. POLICYBRIEF / Spring Edition 2021 / East African Stock Exchange’s
KEY CHALLENGES
ENERGY
LOW CARBON
BUILDINGS
WASTE &
POLLUTION
CONTROL
TRANSPORT
WATER
Key Challenges in East African Capital Markets
Increasing green and inclusive bond awareness is essential to widen market
participation of key stakeholders, however the following challenges need to be addressed:
1
2
3
4
A need to access the capacity of the regulatory agencies.
To identify the level of demand from local investors for green and social bonds.
To identify the level of capacity building required in terms of supporting regulation.
To identify to what extent there are eligible green and social assets for investment.
The availability of qualified verifiers.
5
8. POLICYBRIEF / Spring Edition 2021 / East African Stock Exchange’s
vThe roadmap is supposed to provide a comprehensive strategic framework that identifies multiple agricultural risk
management tools and that proposes a holistic approach for the implementation and integration of those tools into
national investment plans and policies. A case by case analysis dealing with only a specific source of risks, a specific
farmer’s strategy or a specific policy response could be inefficient and ineffective. Instead of focusing the analysis on a
single risk, the holistic approach considers the correlation between various risk factors and their influence on each other.
It also identifies the Agriculture Risk Management tool that provides the most impact to manage risks. The different
groups of stakeholders need to work together in a coordinated manner in order to efficiently deal with the identified risk
factors (government, financial institutions, service providers and private sector).
The roadmap may have four major components:
i. Formulation of a comprehensive policy and strategic framework for managing agriculture and food security risks
The process of policy formulation using a holistic approach has two major parts:
Policies for the development of institutions to address missing markets for risk management in production, marketing,
processing and distribution: this requires government policies aimed at ensuring a stable macroeconomic and business
CASE STUDY: AGRICULTURE RISK
ROADMAP FOR MAINSTREAMING RISK MANAGEMENT TOOLS,
POLICY INSTRUMENTS AND RESILIENCE BUILDING
9. POLICYBRIEF / Spring Edition 2021 / East African Stock Exchange’s
environment framework and regulations for scaling up risk management initiatives. Some examples of such policy
measures are risk management training for farmers, both women and men; facilitating information sharing on risks; and
increased competition in the insurance market. Policies that support risk reduction, mitigation and coping: these refer to
the role of government in reducing the probability and/or the adverse impact of hazardous/catastrophic events.
Some examples of such policy measures include: drought mitigation (for instance, irrigation); disaster prevention (e.g.
flood control); prevention of animal diseases (domestic and border measures); R&D of new varieties or breeds; price
support and stabilization programmes; tax systems for income smoothing; and calamity funds for catastrophic events.
ii. Institutional capacity building and development
Institutional capacity building activities will involve three different levels: the individual, organizational and
coordination levels.
Individual level: in the context of agricultural risk management, capacity development at individual level relates to
training women and men farmers, extension workers, traders, processors, market information workers, warehouse
operators, commodity exchange managers, relevant staff from insurance and banking industry, relevant staff from
disaster risk reduction and social protection, researchers, government regulators, and the like. Capacities developed at
the individual dimension lead to changes in skills, behaviours, and attitudes among the different actors. Gender-sensitive
training, knowledge sharing, and networking are ways of strengthening capacities at this dimension.
Organizational level: organizational capacity building refers to a host of organizations, including ministries of
agriculture, finance and trade, as well as producer organizations and related civil society organizations, women’s groups,
financial institutions (e.g. insurance and banks), trade, marketing and related companies, disaster reduction and social
protection organizations, universities and research institutes, etc. Institutional capacity for regulating the terms of the
contract, as well as the capacity of the police and court systems to help enforce the terms of the contract, needs to be
built up. Efforts to enhance organizational capacity in these sectors need to begin with the mapping of relevant
institutions, needs assessment, and a plan to address the most important shortcomings or gaps indicated by the
analysis. Four different types of institutions comprise the food security and agriculture risk management system:
production and value chain institutions, service providing institutions, knowledge support institutions and coordination
institutions.
Coordination level: collective efforts need to be strengthened where two or more institutions are linked through a
coordination mechanism to achieve a common objective. Capacity development needs to consider the following issues:
political commitment and vision; policy, legal and economic frameworks; budget allocations and processes; gender
issues, equity, governance and power structures; incentives and social norms. Managing complex institutional
cooperation needs the application (and development) of a different set of analysis and support tools.
iii. Integrating risk management tools into the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme
investment plans and development process
Mainstreaming risk management should start with enacting different policies in support of risk management. The main
task is ensuring that the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme investment plan provides for
specific allocations for risk management in the national budget. The procedures for mainstreaming may vary from
country to country, but some basic steps are common to all. For instance, the Ugandan investment plan, known as the
Agriculture Sector Development Strategy and Investment Plan (DSIP) 2010/11–2014/15 (Republic of Uganda, 2010)
has identified four programme areas for investment:
programme 1: Enhancing Production and Productivity;
programme 2: Market Access and Value Addition;
programme 3: Improving the Enabling Environment; and
programme 4: Institutional Strengthening in the Sector.
Agriculture and food security risk management and resilience building programmes are part of programme 3,
“Improving the Enabling Environment”. Many of the different components and sub-programmes are also continued
in the new Agricultural Sector Strategic Plan (ASSP), 2014/15–2019/20. The main responsibility of the Steering
Committee, which was established in May 2013, following the national workshop on risk management, is to develop
a sub-programme on risk management and resilience with all required activities and proposals to be implemented
under the ASSP. The Committee should also ensure that the food security and agricultural development policies,
programmes, and projects do not inadvertently increase vulnerability of women and men or households to price,
production, and other risks.
10. POLICYBRIEF / Spring Edition 2021 / East African Stock Exchange’s
iv. Analytical works and database on price volatility, production variability, and impact of price and
production risk management tools
Analytical and database work can focus on two main areas: price and production volatility, and price and production
risk management.
Price and production volatility
i. Domestic price index of tradable and non-tradable commodities: country-level domestic price index is calculated for
basic commodities using wholesale, retail, and producer prices, and is updated regularly.
ii. Annual price volatility index of staple food commodities: country-level price volatility index is computed for
comparison with other countries and international food price volatility.
iii. Impact analysis of price risks on producers and consumers and key drivers of price volatility and price levels: in
partnership with other projects and programmes, analysis and research into the causes of food price volatility and its
consequences on markets, producers, and consumers is conducted. If sex-disaggregated data are available, the
analysis should be based on it to understand the different impact of price risks on women and men producers and
consumers.
Price and production risk management
i. Database on price and production risk management tools: price and production risk management tools are mapped
out.
ii. Analysis of the impact and effectiveness of different risk management tools: the impact of alternative risk management
tools on food security and agricultural production is carried out at individual, household, and national levels. The
assessment also includes the differential impact on men and women.
Each component can be developed by a group of national experts focusing on background and rationale, objectives,
strategy, and activities or project proposals (including the budget).
i. Background and rationale: discuss the existing situation and identify key problems, issues, and gaps. The problem
analysis identifies the negative aspects of an existing situation and establishes the “cause and effect” relationships
between the identified problems, establishing the rationale for the intended action.
ii. Objectives: the objective develops solutions for the identified problems, identifying means to an end. The objective
should provide a summary picture of the desired future situation, including the indicative means by which ends can be
achieved.
iii. Strategy: the strategy identifies different possible alternative options/strategies, assesses the feasibility of these, and
selects the most appropriate one based on expected contributions to key policy objectives, financial and economic
returns, and technical feasibility.
iv. Activities/project proposal: determine the sequence of specific tasks to be performed in order to achieve the stated
objectives. In many cases, the activities may include a project proposal. Note that a project is a series of activities aimed
at bringing about clearly specified objectives within a defined time-period, and with a defined budget.
5.4 Validation workshop
A final validation workshop is held for the implementation of the roadmap. It is expected to discuss:
i. How to promote policy dialogue and advocacy to support mainstreaming of risk management tools into Comprehensive
Africa Agriculture Development Programme investment plan investment plans and agriculture and rural development
programmes.
ii. A joint monitoring mechanism for implementation of the roadmap. All stakeholders including farmers’ organisations
and women’s associations are expected to participate.
iii. How could financial resources be raised and mobilised? What should be the role of all potential participants, including
international finance institutions, technical partners, civil society organizations, including farmer organisations and
private sector?
11. POLICYBRIEF / Spring Edition 2021 / East African Stock Exchange’s
The African Development Bank set out a plan of action to address climate-related risks. The strategic action plan spans
a period of ten years (2013 – 2022), focusing on two key objectives green and inclusive growth that supports African
countries in their transition to a low carbon economy. In this publication we focus on how capital markets in East Africa
could start addressing the ten-year strategic action plan. It was noted that increasing green and inclusive bond
awareness was essential to widen market participation of key stakeholders. Climate bonds standards were also
recommended to prioritises investments that address climate change, improve harmonisation with international
standards and make progress towards a low-carbon economy. Green bonds with tax incentives was also recommended
to attract more bond investors since tax credits replace interest payments, meaning issuers do not have to pay interest
on their green bond issuances.
To move the agenda forward sustainability steering committees within each capital market apart from the Nairobi Stock
Exchange to promote leadership commitment to mainstream sustainability into their strategies and operations. The
sustainability committee could focus on the following:
- Sustainable Agriculture,
- Waste and Water Management
- Clean Transport
- Energy Efficiency
- Green buildings
- Renewable Energy
- Infrastructure
CONCLUSION
12. POLICYBRIEF / Spring Edition 2021 / East African Stock Exchange’s
RISK MANAGEMENT MODELS
Potential
Impact
on
Business
Probability of Prediction
Rare Moderate Almost Certain
13. POLICYBRIEF / Spring Edition 2021 / East African Stock Exchange’s
What action should capital markets take to address climate-related risks and build green and inclusive growth?
Table 4: Relationship between type of action (green or inclusive bond) and impact on business.
OVERVIEW RISKS AND OPPORTUNITIES
Low Action Moderate Action Urgent Action
Low
Impact
Moderate
Impact
Urgent
Impact
Potential
Impact
on
Business
Solar Wind
Hydropower
Green Building
Forests
v
Geothermal
Wetlands
Broadband
Bioenergy
Renewable
Energy
Manufacturing
Fisheries
Methane Management
Retrofit
Transport
Technology
Waste to energy
Recycling Data
Coastal
Infrastructure
Fisheries
Food Security
Electricity
Gender
Housing
14. POLICYBRIEF / Spring Edition 2021 / East African Stock Exchange’s
Table 6: Relationship between predictability of risk and impact on agriculture business.
Table 5 illustrates an approach to understanding how the world outside a business can also have as much impact as
the world inside the business. The risks in the top-left hand side of the table are examples of the risks that are the
hardest to predict and plan for.
Potential
Impact
on
Business
Probability of predication
COVID 19
Unlikely
Minor
Severe
Major
Catastrophic
Rare Moderate Almost Certain
COVID 19
Line of severity
Pandemics
High lack of
predictability
High
predictability
Natural
Disaster
Water
Crisis
Policy
stability
Climate
Change
Droughts
Biodiversity
Loss
State
Conflict
Social cohesion
crisis
ESG
Disclosure
Measuring
footprint
Quality
Problems
Price
volatility
Production Risk
OVERVIEW RISKS AND OPPORTUNITIES
15. POLICYBRIEF / Spring Edition 2021 / East African Stock Exchange’s
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Forestry Conservation
Energy Efficiency
Sustainable Water and wastewater management
Clean Transport
Renewable Energy
Percentage of Green Bond
African Development Bank: Green Bond Portfolio
As at 31 Decemeber 2019
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Water Supply and Sanitiation
Energy
Agriculture and Food Security
Social
Information and Communication Technology
Percentage of Social Bond
African Development Bank: Social Bond Portfolio
As at 31 Decemeber 2019
16. POLICYBRIEF / Spring Edition 2021 / East African Stock Exchange’s
i
Definition of Green Growth taken from the OECD
ii
Definition of Inclusive Growth taken from the OECD
iii Green Bonds Framework: Portfolio Selection, Allocation of Proceeds and Monitoring
iv
Agriculture and Food Insecurity Risk Management in Africa. Concepts, lessons learned and review guidelines, 2016.
v
Agriculture and Food Insecurity Risk Management in Africa. Concepts, lessons learned and review guidelines, 2016