This document discusses civil liberties issues and protections granted by the Bill of Rights. It covers freedom of speech, including protections for criticizing the government and limitations for speech that incites violence. It also discusses protections for religious freedom, such as the separation of church and state, and prohibitions on establishing an official religion. Finally, it outlines constitutional protections against unreasonable searches and seizures and the right to legal counsel in criminal cases.
Controversies during the administration of President John Adams, including the Alien and Sedition Acts and the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
For more PowerPoint presentations and instructional materials, visit www.tomrichey.net!
Hello students -
This is the review slideshow for your test tomorrow. Use it and the handout as study tools but remember that there may be more on the exam than appears here.
Happy studying!
Mr. Kelly and Ms. Marroquín
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This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
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The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
4. Civil liberties issues dominate headlines
Civil liberties issues part of national policy
Has Bill of Rights really helped to secure
individual freedoms of Americans?
5.
6. Individual freedoms placing limitations on the
power of government
Fundamental rights outside the authority and
regulation and government
12. Allows for an informed citizenry
Provides against influence of government
Provides a voice for the minority
Preserves existence of truth in society
13. Speech Criticizing the Government
“Fighting Words” and Offensive Speech
Symbolic Speech
Sexually Explicit Speech
Campaign Finance: Money as Speech?
14.
15. Sedition
Speech criticizing the government for the purpose
of inciting rebellion
17. “Free speech” did not occur after WWI
Passage of sedition acts aimed at anyone
considered “anti-government.”
Two Main Goals:
Limit anti-war ideas
Limit supporters of radical governmental change
22. Paul Cohen accused of wearing jacket with
“F*** the Draft” on it.
Message not targeting anyone in particular
No evidenceCohen was actively promoting
disturbance
23.
24.
25.
26.
27. First Amendment does NOT automatically
protect against obscene speech
Supreme Court and InformalTests
MillerTest
Does work offensively depict or describe sexual acts?
Whether the work, taken as whole, lacks serious
literary, artistic, political, or scientific” value
(SLAPSTest)
31. Restrictions on press before message published
Dangerous form of censorship
Limits “marketplace of ideas”
32.
33. Libel is publishing of false and damaging
statements about another person
Supreme Court says person must show:
Statements were false or damaging
Publisher must have acted maliciously
34.
35. “Congress shall make no laws respecting an establishment of religion,
or prohibiting the free exercise thereof”
39. SEPARATIONISTS
Clear division between
church and state
ACCOMODATIONISTS
State should NOT be
separate from religion
Accommodate religion,
without showing preference
for one religion
40. ENGELV.VITALE (1962)
Unconstitutional for state
officials to compose official
prayer and encourage it to
be recited in public schools
LEMONV. KURTZMAN (1973)
Established LemonTest to
judge if laws relating to
religious activity are
constitutional:
41. Individuals may freely practice religion
without interference from government
42.
43.
44. Probable Cause
Exclusionary Rule
If search found to violate Fourth Amendment
Evidence resulting from search cannot be used
Exceptions: “Good Faith,” “PlainView”
45.
46.
47. In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall…
have the Assistance of Counsel for his defence”
