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Principles of Business 
Stage 2 Seminar 16: 
The English Legal System
Key topics / learning outcomes 
of this Seminar 
• Explain the structure of the main institutions of the English 
2 
Legal System 
• Demonstrate understanding of the role of the personnel of 
the legal profession and associated professions. 
• Explain the sources of English Law 
• Define key legal terms
3 
Activities 
• Introduction 
• Quiz 
• Court System Scenarios 
• Case Law Exercise – Prest v Petrodel 
• Summary and conclusion
4 
Quiz 
1. What is a person who brings a claim in the County Court 
called? 
A: Claimant 
2. What is an organisation who is sued in the High Court called? 
A: Defendant 
3. What is the standard of proof in the civil courts? 
A: balance of probabilities
5 
Quiz 
4. What is the standard of proof in the criminal courts? 
A: beyond reasonable doubt 
5. Charlie is being prosecuted for driving with excess alcohol. In 
which court will his case be heard? 
A: Magistrates’ Court. 
6. What is the technical legal term for the reason for deciding a 
case? 
A: Ratio decidendi
6 
Quiz 
7. While it is going through Parliament, what is a proposed new 
statute called? 
A: a Bill 
8. What is it called once it has been passed by Parliament? 
A: an Act. 
9. Most criminal cases are brought to court by which 
organisation? 
A: Crown Prosecution Service
7 
Quiz 
10. Charlie fails to stop at a pedestrian crossing and hits Florence 
with his motor car, breaking her leg. Florence ____ him in the 
__________Court. 
A: ...sues......County. 
11. A judge in the High Court has to follow the precedents of 
which courts? 
A: Court of Appeal and Supreme Court. 
12. Does the Supreme Court have to follow its own precedents 
(or those of the HL)? 
A: No
Court System Scenarios 
Where will these claims be brought? 
Which types of legal professional will be 
involved? 
Where will any appeal be brought?
9 
Scenario 1 
Sally is a 56 year old business development manager at SellFast 
Plc. In October 2014 she becomes ill and is diagnosed with a 
depressive illness. She returns to work after about a month of 
sick leave, but shortly afterwards there are some job cuts and 
she is selected for redundancy, together with two other 
executives, both of whom are over 50. She believes that she 
has been unfairly selected owing to her age and her illness.
10 
Scenario 2 
Mahmood is an entrepreneur and inventor, who owns a 
company called BrightSpark Ltd. He has recently obtained a 
patent for a new type of environmentally friendly light bulb. 
Phoebe used to work for BrightSpark as a technician, but has 
left and is now worked for a competitor, InnoForum Ltd. 
Mahmood discovers that InnoForum are marketing light bulbs 
which he believes infringe his patent.
11 
Scenario 3 
The “Spin-drier” is the nickname given to a new skyscraper 
which is in the process of construction in the City of London. It 
will be the tallest building in Europe when it is finished and 
the total cost is estimated at around £300million. The building 
is half-finished, when some serious defects are discovered 
which threaten the viability of the building. The architects are 
blaming the main contractor for not following the plans 
properly, while the main contractor says the design plans 
were incorrect. Other sub-contractors are also being blamed. 
It looks like there will be a huge dispute involving the 
architects, main contractor and several sub-contractors 
(engineers, plumbers, electricians etc.).
Prest v Petrodel 
What is the story behind the case – the 
facts. 
Who brought the case and why? 
http://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWCA/C 
iv/2012/1395.html 
http://www.bailii.org/uk/cases/UKSC/20 
13/34.html
Questions 
1.Which court did the case start in? 
2.Who are the Defendants? (don’t need a list 
of all of them – just a description) 
3.What is the neutral citation number? 
4.What is the neutral citation number used 
for? 
5.What are the names of the judges in the CA 
or SC? 
6.What is the name of the judge who made 
the decision which was subsequently 
appealed?
Questions 
7. What are the names of the barristers and 
solicitors’ firms acting for the parties? 
8.What do the judges think of Mr Prest? 
9.What is the key issue which the judge had to 
decide? 
10.What was the decision under appeal? 
11.Who brought the appeal? 
12.What did the CA decide? What did the SC 
decide? 
13.What do you think is the ratio decidendi of the 
CA/SC decision?
Summary 
• The Court System – Hierarchy 
• Tribunals – specific jurisdiction, intended 
to be less formal 
• Doctrine of Precedent 
• Law is applied to facts 
• Ratio decidendi – the legal principle in a 
case
Next session
End of Seminar 
Note: This recording is for your 
personal use only and not for further 
distribution or wider review. 
© Pearson College 2013

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Pob stage 2 seminar 16 slides the english legal system post ole

  • 1. Principles of Business Stage 2 Seminar 16: The English Legal System
  • 2. Key topics / learning outcomes of this Seminar • Explain the structure of the main institutions of the English 2 Legal System • Demonstrate understanding of the role of the personnel of the legal profession and associated professions. • Explain the sources of English Law • Define key legal terms
  • 3. 3 Activities • Introduction • Quiz • Court System Scenarios • Case Law Exercise – Prest v Petrodel • Summary and conclusion
  • 4. 4 Quiz 1. What is a person who brings a claim in the County Court called? A: Claimant 2. What is an organisation who is sued in the High Court called? A: Defendant 3. What is the standard of proof in the civil courts? A: balance of probabilities
  • 5. 5 Quiz 4. What is the standard of proof in the criminal courts? A: beyond reasonable doubt 5. Charlie is being prosecuted for driving with excess alcohol. In which court will his case be heard? A: Magistrates’ Court. 6. What is the technical legal term for the reason for deciding a case? A: Ratio decidendi
  • 6. 6 Quiz 7. While it is going through Parliament, what is a proposed new statute called? A: a Bill 8. What is it called once it has been passed by Parliament? A: an Act. 9. Most criminal cases are brought to court by which organisation? A: Crown Prosecution Service
  • 7. 7 Quiz 10. Charlie fails to stop at a pedestrian crossing and hits Florence with his motor car, breaking her leg. Florence ____ him in the __________Court. A: ...sues......County. 11. A judge in the High Court has to follow the precedents of which courts? A: Court of Appeal and Supreme Court. 12. Does the Supreme Court have to follow its own precedents (or those of the HL)? A: No
  • 8. Court System Scenarios Where will these claims be brought? Which types of legal professional will be involved? Where will any appeal be brought?
  • 9. 9 Scenario 1 Sally is a 56 year old business development manager at SellFast Plc. In October 2014 she becomes ill and is diagnosed with a depressive illness. She returns to work after about a month of sick leave, but shortly afterwards there are some job cuts and she is selected for redundancy, together with two other executives, both of whom are over 50. She believes that she has been unfairly selected owing to her age and her illness.
  • 10. 10 Scenario 2 Mahmood is an entrepreneur and inventor, who owns a company called BrightSpark Ltd. He has recently obtained a patent for a new type of environmentally friendly light bulb. Phoebe used to work for BrightSpark as a technician, but has left and is now worked for a competitor, InnoForum Ltd. Mahmood discovers that InnoForum are marketing light bulbs which he believes infringe his patent.
  • 11. 11 Scenario 3 The “Spin-drier” is the nickname given to a new skyscraper which is in the process of construction in the City of London. It will be the tallest building in Europe when it is finished and the total cost is estimated at around £300million. The building is half-finished, when some serious defects are discovered which threaten the viability of the building. The architects are blaming the main contractor for not following the plans properly, while the main contractor says the design plans were incorrect. Other sub-contractors are also being blamed. It looks like there will be a huge dispute involving the architects, main contractor and several sub-contractors (engineers, plumbers, electricians etc.).
  • 12. Prest v Petrodel What is the story behind the case – the facts. Who brought the case and why? http://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWCA/C iv/2012/1395.html http://www.bailii.org/uk/cases/UKSC/20 13/34.html
  • 13. Questions 1.Which court did the case start in? 2.Who are the Defendants? (don’t need a list of all of them – just a description) 3.What is the neutral citation number? 4.What is the neutral citation number used for? 5.What are the names of the judges in the CA or SC? 6.What is the name of the judge who made the decision which was subsequently appealed?
  • 14. Questions 7. What are the names of the barristers and solicitors’ firms acting for the parties? 8.What do the judges think of Mr Prest? 9.What is the key issue which the judge had to decide? 10.What was the decision under appeal? 11.Who brought the appeal? 12.What did the CA decide? What did the SC decide? 13.What do you think is the ratio decidendi of the CA/SC decision?
  • 15. Summary • The Court System – Hierarchy • Tribunals – specific jurisdiction, intended to be less formal • Doctrine of Precedent • Law is applied to facts • Ratio decidendi – the legal principle in a case
  • 17. End of Seminar Note: This recording is for your personal use only and not for further distribution or wider review. © Pearson College 2013