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Plural Rules Part One
Plural Rule 1
 Most

words add ‘s’ to make the plural.
 one apple
two apples
 desk → desks
month → months
 book → books
train → trains
 pen → pens
name → names
 shop → shops
friend → friends
 chair → chairs
teacher →teachers
Plural Rule 2
 Add

‘es’ to words ending in ‘ch’, ‘sh’, ‘s’, ‘ss’,
‘x’ or ‘z’ to make the plural.
 one box
many boxes
 wish → wishes
beach → beaches
 cross → crosses
waltz →
waltzes
 bus →
buses
church → churches
 dish → dishes
loss →
losses
 fox →
foxes
bunch → bunches
Plural Rule 3
 When

the letter before a ‘y’ is a consonant,
change the ‘y’ to an ‘i’ before adding an ‘es’.
 one baby
two babies
 city

→ cities
 pony → ponies
 reply → replies

berry →
family →
lady →

berries
families
ladies
Plural Rule 4
 When

words end in ‘ay’, ‘ey’, ‘iy’, ’oy’, and ‘uy’
add an ‘s’ to make the plural.
 one donkey
two donkeys
 day

→
 key →
 play →

days
keys
plays

boy →
delay →
guy →

boys
delays
guys
Plural Rule 5
 When

words end in ‘f’ or ‘fe’ change the
‘f’ or ‘fe’ to a ‘v’ before adding ‘es’.
 one knife
two knives
 leaf

→ leaves
 half → halves
 wife → wives

life →
hoof →
thief →

lives
hooves
thieves
Plural Rule 6
 When

a word ends in an ‘o’ and comes after a
consonant, add ‘es’ to make the plural.
 one tomato
two tomatoes
 cargo

→ cargoes
mango → mangoes
 echo → echoes
hero →
heroes
 volcano →volcanoes torpedo→ torpedoes
Plural Rules 7
 Sometimes

a word may completely
change its form when a plural is made.
 one child
two children
 person

→people goose → geese
 man → men
woman →
women
 cactus →cacti
fungus → fungi
Plural Rule 8
 Sometimes

a word may stay the same in both
its singular and plural form.
 one fish
many fish
 tuna

→ tuna
 deer → deer
 moose moose

trout → trout
sheep → sheep
series → series
Plural Rule 8
 Sometimes

a word may stay the same in both
its singular and plural form.
 one fish
many fish
 tuna

→ tuna
 deer → deer
 moose moose

trout → trout
sheep → sheep
series → series

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Plural Rules

  • 2. Plural Rule 1  Most words add ‘s’ to make the plural.  one apple two apples  desk → desks month → months  book → books train → trains  pen → pens name → names  shop → shops friend → friends  chair → chairs teacher →teachers
  • 3. Plural Rule 2  Add ‘es’ to words ending in ‘ch’, ‘sh’, ‘s’, ‘ss’, ‘x’ or ‘z’ to make the plural.  one box many boxes  wish → wishes beach → beaches  cross → crosses waltz → waltzes  bus → buses church → churches  dish → dishes loss → losses  fox → foxes bunch → bunches
  • 4. Plural Rule 3  When the letter before a ‘y’ is a consonant, change the ‘y’ to an ‘i’ before adding an ‘es’.  one baby two babies  city → cities  pony → ponies  reply → replies berry → family → lady → berries families ladies
  • 5. Plural Rule 4  When words end in ‘ay’, ‘ey’, ‘iy’, ’oy’, and ‘uy’ add an ‘s’ to make the plural.  one donkey two donkeys  day →  key →  play → days keys plays boy → delay → guy → boys delays guys
  • 6. Plural Rule 5  When words end in ‘f’ or ‘fe’ change the ‘f’ or ‘fe’ to a ‘v’ before adding ‘es’.  one knife two knives  leaf → leaves  half → halves  wife → wives life → hoof → thief → lives hooves thieves
  • 7. Plural Rule 6  When a word ends in an ‘o’ and comes after a consonant, add ‘es’ to make the plural.  one tomato two tomatoes  cargo → cargoes mango → mangoes  echo → echoes hero → heroes  volcano →volcanoes torpedo→ torpedoes
  • 8. Plural Rules 7  Sometimes a word may completely change its form when a plural is made.  one child two children  person →people goose → geese  man → men woman → women  cactus →cacti fungus → fungi
  • 9. Plural Rule 8  Sometimes a word may stay the same in both its singular and plural form.  one fish many fish  tuna → tuna  deer → deer  moose moose trout → trout sheep → sheep series → series
  • 10. Plural Rule 8  Sometimes a word may stay the same in both its singular and plural form.  one fish many fish  tuna → tuna  deer → deer  moose moose trout → trout sheep → sheep series → series