Download to read offline
Uploaded byRai University
B.sc i ecls_u-1.5_nouns number
This document discusses noun numbers (singular and plural) and rules for forming plurals in English. It covers 4 main rules: 1. Nouns ending in ch, sh, x, s, ss add "es" to form the plural. 2. Nouns ending in o add "es" to form the plural. 3. Nouns ending in a consonant + y drop the y and add "ies" to form the plural. 4. Nouns ending in f or fe add "ves" to form the plural. There are exceptions to each rule. The document also discusses irregular plural forms and words that stay the same in both singular and plural. Exercises
More Related Content
Similar to B.sc i ecls_u-1.5_nouns number
B.sc i ecls_u-1.5_nouns number
- 1. Nouns: NUMBER Course –B.Sc. Subject – English Communication and Life Skills Unit – 1
- 2. Nouns: Number • Nouns:Number – A word which indicates whether a noun is singular or plural is known as number. • A noun has two numbers: a) The Singular Number b) The Plural Number
- 3. Kinds of Nouns:Number • A noun that denotes one person or thing, is said to be in the Singular Number; as, boy, book, pencil, tree, river, etc. • A noun that denotes more than one person or thing, is said to be in the Plural Number; as boys, books, pencils, trees, rivers, etc. • Thus, there are two numbers in English – the Singular and the Plural.
- 5. How are Pluralsformed? • Singular denotes ‘one’ and Plural denotes ‘more than one’.
- 6. RULE: 1 • Nounsending with ‘ch’, ‘sh’, ‘x’, ‘s’, ‘ss’ form their plurals by adding “es” to the singular: • “es” is pronounced as ‘iz’ Batch – batches Brush – brushes Box – boxes Glass – glasses Branch – branches Dish – dishes Tax – taxes Class - Classes Catch – catches Bush - bushes Fax - faxes Cross - crosses Inch – inches Church – churches Sandwich – Sandwiches Kiss – kisses Patch – patches Match – matches Beach – beaches Lass - lasses Torch – torches Peach – Peaches Crash – crashes Guess - guesses Bench – benches Watch - watches Reflex – reflexes Address - addresses Bunch – Bunches Ash - Ashes Virus – viruses Atlas – atlases
- 7. EXCEPTION TO RULE:1 • Ox – ends in x but we add “en” to make it Plural. • Ox – Oxen. Stomach – ends in ch but we add “s” stomachs. • Other words: Wax - waxes Fox – foxes Wish – Wishes Bus – Buses Loss – Losses Pitch – Pitches Gas – Gases Dress - Dresses
- 8. RULE: 2 • Nounsending in “o” add “es” to make Plural. Tomato – tomatoes Volcano – volcanoes Potato – potatoes Motto – mottoes Cargo – cargoes Avocado – avocadoes Hero – heroes Domino – dominoes Echo – echoes Dingo – dingoes Buffalo – buffaloes Veto – vetoes Mango – mangoes Embargo - embargoes Mosquito - mosquitoes Negro - negroes
- 9.
- 10.
- 11. Domino - DominoesVolcano - Volcanoes
- 12.
- 13.
- 14. Exceptions to Rule:2 Canto – Cantos Memento – Mementos Commando - Commandos Kilo – Kilos Logo – Logos Bamboo – bamboos Solo – Solos Ratio - Ratios Eskimo - Eskimos Piano – Pianos Radio - Radios Kangaroo – Kangaroos Photo – Photos Stereo – Stereos Video - Videos
- 15. Continued – Exceptionsto Rule 2 Zoo – zoos Patio – Patios Taco – Tacos Casino – Casinos Zero – Zeros Sombrero - Sombreros
- 16.
- 17.
- 18.
- 19.
- 20.
- 21. RULE: 3 • Nounsending in ‘y’, preceded by a consonant, form plural by removing ‘y’ and adding “ies” Lady - Ladies City - Cities Baby - Babies Army – Armies Story - Stories Pony - Ponies Body - Bodies Country – Countries Copy - Copies Cry - Cries Duty - Duties Family – Families Diary – Diaries Fairy – fairies Fly - flies Reply – replies Berry - berries Party - parties Jelly – Jellies Belly – Bellies Cherry – cherries Daisy - daisies Ferry - ferries Remedy – remedies
- 22. Exceptions to Rule:3 Day - days Ray - Rays Monkey – Monkeys Play – plays Key - Keys Donkey - Donkeys Boy - boys Delay - delays Toy – toys Joy - Joys Chimney - Chimneys Valley - Valleys
- 23. RULE: 4 • Nounswhich end in ‘f’ or ‘fe’ add “ves” to make plural: Leaf – Leaves Wife - Wives Life - Lives Thief – thieves Loaf - Loaves Half - Halves Calf - Calves Knife – Knives Self - Selves Wolf - Wolves Shelf - Shelves Elf - Elves
- 24. EXCEPTION TO RULE:4 Chief - Chiefs Handkerchief - handkerchiefs Dwarf – dwarfs Belief - beliefs Roof - roofs Proof – proofs Cliff - Cliffs Gulf - gulfs Safe – Safes Cuff – cuffs Giraffe – Giraffes Reef – reefs Hoof – hoofs Earmuff - earmuffs Dandruff – dandruffs
- 25. Cliff - CliffsReef - Reefs
- 26. Gulf - GulfsEarmuff - Earmuffs
- 27. Dandruff - DandruffsHoof - Hoofs
- 28. Important • Sometimes aword may completely change its form when a plural is made: Child - children Man - men Woman – women Goose - geese Mouse - mice Louse – lice Tooth - teeth Foot - feet Person – people Fungi - fungus Datum - data Cactus – Cacti Radius - radii Formula – formulae/formulas Agendum – agenda Brother - brethren Medium - Media Syllabus – Syllabi/syllabuses
- 29. Some words maysame the same in their Singular and Plural forms: Deer - Deer Sheep - Sheep Scissors – Scissors News - News Information - Information Series – Series Trousers - Trousers Socks - Socks Shorts – Shorts Goods - Goods Valuable - Valuables Spectacles – Spectacles Surroundings - Surroundings Eatables - Eatables Billiards – Billiards Wages - Wages Rice - rice Luggage – Luggage Furniture - Furniture Dozen – dozen Hundred – hundred Thousand – thousand Water - Water Jeans – Jeans
- 30. Exercise 1 This -These • This is a box. • These are boxes. • This is a lady. • These are ladies. • This is a story. • These are stories • This is a knife. • These are knives. That - Those • That is a potato. • Those are potatoes. • That is a pen. • Those are pens. • That is a buffalo. • Those are buffaloes. • That is a leaf. • Those are leaves.
- 31. Exercise 2 One -Many • One glass – many glasses. • One dish – many dishes. • One tomato – many tomatoes. • One army – many armies. • One wife – many wives. • One pencil – many pencils. • One mouse – many mice. • One louse – many lice. One - Some • One school – some schools. • One brush – some brushes. • One watch – some watches. • One mango – some mangoes. • One hero – some heroes. • One city – some cities. • One match – some matches. • One mosquito – some mosquitoes.
- 32. Exercise 3 There is… • There is one branch in this tree. • There is a sharpener on the table. • There is an eraser in my bag. • There is a cow in the field. • There is a leaf on the road. • There is a mobile in the shop. There are … • There are many/few branches in this tree. • There are many/some sharpeners on the table. • There are erasers in my bag. • There are cows in the field. • There are leaves on the road. • There are mobiles in the shop.
- 33. Recourses/References • Advanced EnglishGrammar by Wren and Martine • https://www.google.co.in/search?q=images+noun+plural+and+singular&biw • www.google.co.in/search?q=images+noun+plural+and+singular • www.google.co.in/search