The document outlines various rules for forming plurals in English. It discusses how most nouns form the plural by adding 's', but some ending in certain letters like 's', 'sh', 'ch', 'x', or 'z' add 'es' instead. Nouns ending in 'y' preceded by a vowel simply add 's', while those preceded by a consonant change the 'y' to 'i' and add 'es'. Some nouns ending in 'f' or 'fe' change to 'v' before adding 's' or 'es', while others retain the 'f'. The rules also cover forming plurals of nouns ending in 'o', foreign words, words ending in

2.  Most
nouns form the plural by adding
‘s’ to the singular.
*office --- offices
*idea --- ideas
*room --- rooms
 Nouns which end in ‘s’, ‘sh’, ‘ch’, ‘x’ or
‘z’ form the plural by adding ‘es’.
*match
--- matches
*box --- boxes
*dish --- dishes

3. Nouns ending in ‘y’ preceded by a
consonant form the plural by changing
‘y’ to ‘i’ and adding ‘es’.
*baby --- babies
*city --- cities
*dormitory -dormitories
 Nouns ending in ‘y’ preceded by a
vowel form the plural merely by adding
‘s’.
*bay --- bays
*toy
--- toys
*key
--- keys


4. Some nouns ending in ‘f’ or ‘fe’ form the
plural by changing ‘f’ or ‘fe’ to ‘v’ before
adding ‘s’ or ‘es’.
*half --- halves
*life
--- lives
*self
--- selves
 Some nouns retain the ‘f’ in the plural
form.
*chief --- chiefs
*proof --- proofs
*belief --- beliefs


5. Nouns ending in ‘o’ preceded by a
vowel form the plural by adding ‘s’.
*radio --- radios
*bamboo --- bamboos
*folio --- folios
 Nouns ending in ‘o’ preceded by a
consonant form the plural by adding
‘es’.
*potato
--- potatoes
*hero --- heroes
*motto --- mottoes


6. Nouns pertaining to music that end in ‘o’
form their plural by adding ‘s’.
*piano --- pianos
*solo --- solos
*soprano
--- sopranos
 Some nouns show plural inflection by
changes in form.
*foot --- feet
*child --- children
8ox
--- oxen


7. Nouns ending in ‘is’ change ‘i’ to ‘e’ in
the plural.
*crisis --- crises
*hypothesis --- hypotheses
*parenthesis
--- parentheses
 Foreign nouns ending in ‘us’ form the
plural by changing the ending to ‘i’.
*cactus
--- cacti
*syllabus
--- syllabi
*alumnus
--- alumni


8. Nouns ending in ‘um’ or ‘on’ form the
plural by changing the ending to ‘a’.
*datum
--- data
*phenomenon --- phenomena
*memorandum --- memoranda
 Compound nouns form the plural in
different ways. In general, ‘s’ or ‘es’ is
added to the more important word.
*sister-in-law
--- sisters-in-law
*editor-in-chief --- editors-in-chief
*spoonful --- spoonfuls


9. Some nouns have the same singular and
plural form.
*sheep --- sheep
*deer --- deer
*Chinese
--- Chinese
 Some nouns are always plural.
*scissors
*pants
*eyeglasses
*shorts
 Plurals of numerals and letters are
formed by adding ‘s’.
*t’s
*10’s
*5’s
*m’s


10. Bagel
 Basis
 Syllabus
 Datum
 Furniture


11. ANGELICA B. ENRIQUEZ
Bachelor of Secondary
Education II