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Bdft i ecls_u-1.5_nouns number
This document discusses noun numbers (singular and plural) and rules for forming plurals in English. It covers 5 main rules: 1. Nouns ending in ch, sh, x, s, ss add "es" to form the plural. 2. Nouns ending in o add "es" to form the plural. 3. Nouns ending in y preceded by a consonant remove the y and add "ies". 4. Nouns ending in f or fe add "ves". 5. Some nouns have irregular plural forms. It provides examples for each rule and exceptions. Exercises are included to practice singular and plural forms. Overall the document is a
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Bdft i ecls_u-1.5_nouns number
- 1. Nouns: NUMBER Course –BDFT Subject – English Communication and Life Skills Unit – 1
- 2. Nouns: Number • Nouns:Number – A word which indicates whether a noun is singular or plural is known as number. • A noun has two numbers: a) The Singular Number b) The Plural Number
- 3. Kinds of Nouns:Number • A noun that denotes one person or thing, is said to be in the Singular Number; as, boy, book, pencil, tree, river, etc. • A noun that denotes more than one person or thing, is said to be in the Plural Number; as boys, books, pencils, trees, rivers, etc. • Thus, there are two numbers in English – the Singular and the Plural.
- 5. How are Pluralsformed? • Singular denotes ‘one’ and Plural denotes ‘more than one’.
- 6. RULE: 1 • Nounsending with ‘ch’, ‘sh’, ‘x’, ‘s’, ‘ss’ form their plurals by adding “es” to the singular: • “es” is pronounced as ‘iz’ Batch – batches Brush – brushes Box – boxes Glass – glasses Branch – branches Dish – dishes Tax – taxes Class - Classes Catch – catches Bush - bushes Fax - faxes Cross - crosses Inch – inches Church – churches Sandwich – Sandwiches Kiss – kisses Patch – patches Match – matches Beach – beaches Lass - lasses Torch – torches Peach – Peaches Crash – crashes Guess - guesses Bench – benches Watch - watches Reflex – reflexes Address - addresses Bunch – Bunches Ash - Ashes Virus – viruses Atlas – atlases
- 7. EXCEPTION TO RULE:1 • Ox – ends in x but we add “en” to make it Plural. • Ox – Oxen. Stomach – ends in ch but we add “s” stomachs. • Other words: Wax - waxes Fox – foxes Wish – Wishes Bus – Buses Loss – Losses Pitch – Pitches Gas – Gases Dress - Dresses
- 8. RULE: 2 • Nounsending in “o” add “es” to make Plural. Tomato – tomatoes Volcano – volcanoes Potato – potatoes Motto – mottoes Cargo – cargoes Avocado – avocadoes Hero – heroes Domino – dominoes Echo – echoes Dingo – dingoes Buffalo – buffaloes Veto – vetoes Mango – mangoes Embargo - embargoes Mosquito - mosquitoes Negro - negroes
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- 11. Domino - DominoesVolcano - Volcanoes
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- 14. Exceptions to Rule:2 Canto – Cantos Memento – Mementos Commando - Commandos Kilo – Kilos Logo – Logos Bamboo – bamboos Solo – Solos Ratio - Ratios Eskimo - Eskimos Piano – Pianos Radio - Radios Kangaroo – Kangaroos Photo – Photos Stereo – Stereos Video - Videos
- 15. Continued – Exceptionsto Rule 2 Zoo – zoos Patio – Patios Taco – Tacos Casino – Casinos Zero – Zeros Sombrero - Sombreros
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- 21. RULE: 3 • Nounsending in ‘y’, preceded by a consonant, form plural by removing ‘y’ and adding “ies” Lady - Ladies City - Cities Baby - Babies Army – Armies Story - Stories Pony - Ponies Body - Bodies Country – Countries Copy - Copies Cry - Cries Duty - Duties Family – Families Diary – Diaries Fairy – fairies Fly - flies Reply – replies Berry - berries Party - parties Jelly – Jellies Belly – Bellies Cherry – cherries Daisy - daisies Ferry - ferries Remedy – remedies
- 22. Exceptions to Rule:3 Day - days Ray - Rays Monkey – Monkeys Play – plays Key - Keys Donkey - Donkeys Boy - boys Delay - delays Toy – toys Joy - Joys Chimney - Chimneys Valley - Valleys
- 23. RULE: 4 • Nounswhich end in ‘f’ or ‘fe’ add “ves” to make plural: Leaf – Leaves Wife - Wives Life - Lives Thief – thieves Loaf - Loaves Half - Halves Calf - Calves Knife – Knives Self - Selves Wolf - Wolves Shelf - Shelves Elf - Elves
- 24. EXCEPTION TO RULE:4 Chief - Chiefs Handkerchief - handkerchiefs Dwarf – dwarfs Belief - beliefs Roof - roofs Proof – proofs Cliff - Cliffs Gulf - gulfs Safe – Safes Cuff – cuffs Giraffe – Giraffes Reef – reefs Hoof – hoofs Earmuff - earmuffs Dandruff – dandruffs
- 25. Cliff - CliffsReef - Reefs
- 26. Gulf - GulfsEarmuff - Earmuffs
- 27. Dandruff - DandruffsHoof - Hoofs
- 28. Important • Sometimes aword may completely change its form when a plural is made: Child - children Man - men Woman – women Goose - geese Mouse - mice Louse – lice Tooth - teeth Foot - feet Person – people Fungi - fungus Datum - data Cactus – Cacti Radius - radii Formula – formulae/formulas Agendum – agenda Brother - brethren Medium - Media Syllabus – Syllabi/syllabuses
- 29. Some words maysame the same in their Singular and Plural forms: Deer - Deer Sheep - Sheep Scissors – Scissors News - News Information - Information Series – Series Trousers - Trousers Socks - Socks Shorts – Shorts Goods - Goods Valuable - Valuables Spectacles – Spectacles Surroundings - Surroundings Eatables - Eatables Billiards – Billiards Wages - Wages Rice - rice Luggage – Luggage Furniture - Furniture Dozen – dozen Hundred – hundred Thousand – thousand Water - Water Jeans – Jeans
- 30. Exercise 1 This -These • This is a box. • These are boxes. • This is a lady. • These are ladies. • This is a story. • These are stories • This is a knife. • These are knives. That - Those • That is a potato. • Those are potatoes. • That is a pen. • Those are pens. • That is a buffalo. • Those are buffaloes. • That is a leaf. • Those are leaves.
- 31. Exercise 2 One -Many • One glass – many glasses. • One dish – many dishes. • One tomato – many tomatoes. • One army – many armies. • One wife – many wives. • One pencil – many pencils. • One mouse – many mice. • One louse – many lice. One - Some • One school – some schools. • One brush – some brushes. • One watch – some watches. • One mango – some mangoes. • One hero – some heroes. • One city – some cities. • One match – some matches. • One mosquito – some mosquitoes.
- 32. Exercise 3 There is… • There is one branch in this tree. • There is a sharpener on the table. • There is an eraser in my bag. • There is a cow in the field. • There is a leaf on the road. • There is a mobile in the shop. There are … • There are many/few branches in this tree. • There are many/some sharpeners on the table. • There are erasers in my bag. • There are cows in the field. • There are leaves on the road. • There are mobiles in the shop.
- 33. Recourses/References • Advanced EnglishGrammar by Wren and Martine • https://www.google.co.in/search?q=images+noun+plural+and+singular&biw • www.google.co.in/search?q=images+noun+plural+and+singular • www.google.co.in/search