This document discusses several key theoretical approaches to understanding concepts of race and ethnicity, including primordialism, instrumentalism, plural society theories, and Marxist approaches. It also critiques sociobiological explanations of race and analyzes how racism has been used to divide and exploit the working class. Racism and racial divisions are seen as developing out of and being used strategically under capitalism to prevent worker solidarity and maximize profit through greater exploitation of labor. Race and class are viewed as inextricably linked in structuring social relations and experiences.