Contents About Plumbing..

1. PLUMBING
BY: MA. TERESA A. LOPEZ/ BSIE-4C

2. WHAT IS PLUMBING ?
• Plumbing the word derives from the , plumbum, as the first effective pipes used
in the roman era were lead pipes. latin for lead.
• is any system that conveys fluids for a wide range of applications.
• Plumbing uses pipes, valves, plumbing fixtures, tanks, and other apparatuses to
convey fluids. heating and cooling (HVAC), waste removal, and potable
water delivery are among the most common uses for plumbing, but it is not
limited to these applications.

3. WHAT IS PLUMBER?
• A plumber is a tradesperson who specializes in installing and
maintaining systems used for potable
(drinking) water, sewage and drainage in plumbing systems. The term dates from
ancient times and is related to the latin word for lead, "plumbum"

4. BASIC PLUMBING SUPPLIES FOR HOME
TOOL KITS

5. 1) Propane Torch
• Is A tool normally used for the
application of flame or heat which
uses propane, A
hydrocarbon gas for its fuel.
• Propane and other fuel torches are
most commonly used in the
manufacturing, construction and
metal-working industries.

6. 2) Tongue-And-Groove Pliers
• Also known as water pump pliers,
adjustable pliers, groove-
joint pliers, arc-joint pliers, multi-
grips, tap or pipe spanners,
gland pliers and channel locks—
are a type of slip-joint pliers. They
have serrated jaws generally set 45
to 60 degrees from the handles.

7. 3) Hacksaw
• Is a fine-toothed saw, originally and
principally made for cutting metal. They can
also cut various other materials, such as
plastic and wood;
• Most hacksaws are hand saws with a c-
shaped frame that holds
a blade under tension. Such hacksaws have
a handle, usually a pistol grip, with pins for
attaching a narrow disposable blade.

8. 4) Metal File
• Is one of the most basic
plumbing tools which is
utilized to smooth or remove
hard plastics and metals.

9. 5) Basin Wrench
• Sometimes called a sink wrench, is
a plumbing tool that is used in confined
spaces to turn fasteners that would be
difficult or impossible to reach with
a plumber wrench or other types
of wrenches. for example, the
threaded nuts used to secure faucets to
sinks are often located in deeply
recessed places that can only be
accessed with a basin wrench.

10. 6) Pipe Wrench
• (US), stillson wrench or stillsons (UK)
is an adjustable wrench/spanner used
for turning soft iron pipes and fittings
with a rounded surface. The design of
the adjustable jaw allows it to lock in
the frame, such that any forward
pressure on the handle tends to pull
the jaws tighter together.

11. 7) Hand Auger
• Is a slender, flexible auger used
to dislodge clogs in plumbing.
The plumber's snake is often
reserved for difficult clogs that
cannot be loosened with
a plunger. It is also sometimes
called a toilet jack

12. 8) Adjustable Wrench
• Is an open-end wrench with a
movable jaw, allowing it to be used
with different sizes of fastener head
(nut, bolt, etc.) Rather than just one
fastener size, as with a conventional
fixed spanner.[1] several other names
are in use, including the US
trademark crescent wrench.

13. 9) Tubing cutter
• Is a type of tool used
by plumbers to cut pipe.
Besides producing a clean
cut, the tool is often a
faster, cleaner, and more
convenient way of cutting
pipe than using a hacksaw,
although this depends on
the metal of the pipe.

14. 10) Plunger
• Force cup, or plumber's
helper is a tool used to clear
blockages in drains and pipes.
It consists of a rubber suction
cup with an attached stick
(shaft), usually made of wood
or plastic. A different bellows-
like design also exists, usually
constructed of plastic.

15. 11) Plumber's Snake
• Or closet auger is a drain clearing
tool designed specifically for use
with a toilet. It is designed to clear
the toilet through to the drain pipe
under or behind the toilet. For
blockages further along in the drain
line, waste stack or sewer pipe, a
closet auger will not be effective.
• A closet auger has a reach of
roughly 3 feet; some models are
slightly shorter or longer.

17. 12) Tape Measures
• There are numerous makes and
models of tape measures.
• They vary in blade width and
length.
• The retractable type with a
pocket clip is the most common.

18. 13) Hammer
• Numerous Hammer Types Are
Available With Different Heads,
Claws, And Weights.
• For A Plumber, The Type Of Claw
Is The Most Important Factor
Regarding The Selection Of A
Hammer.

19. 14) Screwdrivers
• Are available in many
lengths and shank
diameters.
• Phillips and slotted head
types are two used by
plumbers.

20. 15) Working Gloves
• Plumbers need gloves to
cover a range of tasks.
Chemical protection is
needed for exposure to
chemicals, solvents, adhesives
and even standing water.

21. Drill Driver
Utility Knife
Safety Goggles

22. TOOL BOX

23. • A plumbing fixture is an exchangeable device which can be connected to
a plumbing system to deliver and drain water.
Common fixtures

24. A bathtub, bath, or tub (informal) is a large or
small container for holding water in which a person.

25. • A shower is a place in which a person bathes under a spray of typically warm or
hot water. Indoors, there is a drain in the floor. Most showers have temperature,
spray pressure and adjustable showerhead nozzle.

26. • Is a plumbing fixture or type of sink intended for washing the genitalia, perineum,
inner buttocks, and anus of the human body, and is typically installed in a bathroom.
Lower-cost add-ons combining a toilet seat and "electronic bidet" are becoming
increasingly popular as well. "Bidet" is a french loanword.

27. • Flush toilets usually incorporate an "S", "U", "J", or "P" shaped bend (called a trap,
such as P trap or S trap) that causes the water in the toilet bowl to collect and act
as a seal against sewer gases (trapping the gases). Since flush toilets are typically
not designed to handle waste on site, their drain pipes must be connected to
waste conveyance and waste treatment systems. When a toilet is flushed,
the wastewater flows into a septic tank or sewage system and from there to
a sewage treatment plant.

28. • A hose is a flexible hollow tube designed to carry fluids from one location to
another. Hoses are also sometimes called pipes (the word pipe usually refers to
a rigid tube, whereas a hose is usually a flexible one), or more generally tubing.
• The shape of a hose is usually cylindrical (having a circular cross section).

29. A tap (also spigot or faucet: see usage variations) is
a valve controlling the release of a liquid.

30. • A sink — also known by other names
including sinker, washbowl, hand
basin and wash basin — is a bowl-
shaped plumbing fixture used for
washing hands, dishwashing, and
other purposes.
• Sinks include a drain to remove used
water; this drain may itself include a
strainer and/or shut-off device and an
overflow-prevention device.
Sinks may also have an integrated soap dispenser. When a sink becomes stopped-up
or clogged, a person will often resort to use a chemical drain cleaner or a plunger,
though most professional plumbers will remove the clog with a drain auger (often
called a "plumber's snake").

31. • A trench drain (also channel drain, line drain, slot drain, linear drain or strip
drain) is a specific type of floor drain containing a dominant trough- or channel-
shaped body. It is used for the rapid evacuation of surface water or for the
containment of utility lines or chemical spills. Employing a solid cover or grating
that is flush with the adjoining surface,.

32. PROCESS OPERATION IN PLUMBING
As a plumber, you will be required to:
Measure
Mark out
cut
fabricate
make joint
fix a range of materials.
In most of the cases, this will involve the use of tools to enable you to do this.
Once you have got your tool kit, keep the tools clean and well maintained, this
should ensure a long life and keep down the cost of having to regularly buy
replacements.

33. a) CARE AND USE OF TOOLS/MATERIAL/SAFETY
b) PREPARATION OF TOOLS/MATERIALS
c) DRAINAGE PIPING AND FITTINGS
d) PIPE CUTTING, REAMING, AND FLANGING OF GAS SYSTEMS
e) DOMESTIC WATER SYSTEMS
f) TESTING PLUMBING SYSTEMS
g) FIXTURE/APPLIANCE INSTALLATION
h) SERVICE/MAINTENANCE

34. THEORIES OF HOUSE PLUMBING
& THEIR APPLICATION IN
SEPTIC TANKS, BATHROOMS &
KITCHEN WATER CONNECTION
BY: LOPEZ, MA. TERESA LOPEZ BSIE_HE4C

35. • A SEPTIC TANK is a watertight chamber made of concrete, fibreglass, PVC or
plastic, through which domestic wastewater (sewage) flows for primary
treatment. septic tank systems are a type of onsite sewage facility (OSSF). They
can be used in areas that are not connected to a sewerage system, such as rural
areas. The treated liquid effluent is commonly disposed in a septic drain
field which provides further treatment. However, groundwater pollution may
occur and can be a problem.
• A septic tank system will be required to collect and treat all waste water. A permit
is required for any works on a septic tank system which includes any addition to
the system, alteration or repair. All household wastes, including toilets, showers,
laundry, All wastes must be contained and retained on the site.

36. For new houses, the following process is detailed:
1. A land capability assessment (LCA) and/or a soil texture structure & permeability
test must be undertaken by a qualified soil technician, in the area where the
absorption trenches will ultimately be situated,
2. A registered plumber who is familiar with all the current legislation must be
employed
3. Submit a plan detailing how you intend to layout the proposed septic tank
system
4. An application for a permit to install must then be submitted, together with the
results of the LCA and plan.
5. An environmental health officer will then meet with you and/or the plumber on
site to determine if your proposal is satisfactory
6. If the proposal is satisfactory, a permit to install will be issued.

37. WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM
• A home’s water supply system routes municipal
water from the street to your house, where it
branches out to deliver the water to faucets,
showers, toilets, bathtubs, and appliances such
as the water heater, dishwasher, and washing
machine.
• The equipment for this delivery and distribution
is essentially a system of water pipes, fittings,
service valves, and faucets. These pipes and
other fittings are commonly made of plastic,
copper, or galvanized iron. The pipes range in
diameter from 1/2 inch to 4 inches or more.

38. KITCHEN PLUMBING SYSTEM
• Most kitchens have a fairly simple
plumbing setup that includes hot and
cold water supply lines to the faucets;
a waste line for the sink (or sinks);
and, for kitchens with a gas range, a
gas supply pipe. Many kitchens also
have hookups for a dishwasher,
disposer, ice maker, and/or instant
hot water, but these are generally
tied in to the sink’s plumbing.

39. • Two plumbing systems are needed to handle a
BATHROOM’S PLUMBING needs:
• Water supply plumbing delivers hot and cold water
to the sinks, tub, toilet, and shower. This system
originates at the municipal supply or other fresh
water source, goes through the meter, and is
delivered to the house. At the water heater, it splits
into two lines—one that carries cold water and the
other that delivers hot water from the water heater
to the fixtures that require it.
• The drain-waste-vent system collects waste water
from fixtures and waste from toilets and delivers
them to the sewer or septic system. Near each of the
sinks, tubs, showers, and toilets, vent pipes exhaust
sewer gases up and out the roof and provide air
pressure so wastes can flow freely.

40. -END-
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