The document discusses soil testing and fertilizer recommendations for different crops. It outlines 16 essential plant nutrients and groups them into primary, secondary and micro nutrients. It describes the roles of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in plant growth. Symptoms of deficiencies for various nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, zinc and calcium are shown for crops such as maize, wheat, rice and soybean. The objectives of soil testing and suitable sampling methods are explained. Guidelines for soil test reports and fertilizer recommendations for crops like wheat, potato, maize and rice are provided based on the soil fertility status.
Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System is a new approach to interpreting leaf or plant analysis and a comprehensive system which identifies all the nutritional factors limiting crop production and increases the chances of obtaining high crop yields by improving fertilizer recommendations.
Introduction
enlist of problematic soil
Salt affected soil
Characteristic of salt affected soil
Comparison between salt affected soil
Reclamation of Saline soils
Reclamation of sodic soils
Reclamation of saline-sodic soils
Acidic soils
Reclamation of acidic soil
Acid Sulphate soils and its management
Calcareous soil
Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System is a new approach to interpreting leaf or plant analysis and a comprehensive system which identifies all the nutritional factors limiting crop production and increases the chances of obtaining high crop yields by improving fertilizer recommendations.
Introduction
enlist of problematic soil
Salt affected soil
Characteristic of salt affected soil
Comparison between salt affected soil
Reclamation of Saline soils
Reclamation of sodic soils
Reclamation of saline-sodic soils
Acidic soils
Reclamation of acidic soil
Acid Sulphate soils and its management
Calcareous soil
application of mineral as ferlizer; what are the mineral that are very good uses for fertilizer production , and they are how processed and availability of the mineral
An introduction to professional plant nutrition | Haifa GroupHaifa Group
Explore an in-depth agronomic introduction to plant nutrition. Learn about the essential nutrients crops consume, and the specific role of every mineral on the overall plant growth. Haifa Group’s experts are sharing knowledge. Haifa Group’s experts are sharing knowledge.
Soil Nutrient Availability and Enzyme Activities under Wheat-Green gram Crop ...Pravash Chandra Moharana
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of rock phosphate (RP) enriched rice straw compost, FYM
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#Investigatory project on fertilizer
#fertilizer #manure #organic manure #artificial manure
A project based on Investigatory project on fertilizer .and
fertilizer and its advantages and disadvantages
made by ABHISHEK MISHRA SATNA
abhishek_mishra_09
dr.deepak mishra mandsaur
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is major staple food in the world (especially in South and South East Asian countries).
Important staple foods for more than half of the world’s population (IRRI, 2006)
Source of livelihoods and economies of several billion people.
On a global basis, rice varieties provide 21% and 15% per capita of dietary energy and protein, respectively.
About 50% world’s populations depends on rice as their main source of nutrition.
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Increasing the Zn content in the grains of these crops is considered a sustainable way to alleviate human Zn deficiency.
Zn deficiency being an important nutrient constraint, any approach to improve Zn uptake and its transport to grains has significant practical relevance.
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To address this problem, a agronomic and genetic approach called Biofortification which aims at enrichment of foodstuffs with vital micronutrients have been evolved and pursed as a potent strategy, internationally.
Well matured organic manure fortified with high grade rock phosphate mineral in fine size works as efficiently as Di Ammonium Phosphate a well known chemical phosphate fertilizer.
There are 7 essential plant nutrient elements defined as micronutrients [boron (B), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), chlorine (Cl)] NIckel (Ni
Potassium is an essential plant nutrient and is required in large amounts for proper growth and reproduction of plants. It affects the plant shape, size, color, taste and other measurements attributed to healthy produce.
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Plant nutrients and soil test based fertilizer application pijush kanti mukherjee-ivri
1. Soil test based fertilizer recommendation in different crops
Dr Pijush Kanti Mukherjee
Senior Scientist (Agronomy), Div. of Extension Education
ICAR-IVRI, Bareilly, UP
Mobile:9536551548
Email:pkm_agronomy@yahoo.co.in
pijushivri@gmail.com
2. 16 elements have been identified and are established to be essential for plant growth.
There are carbon (C),
hydrogen (H),
Oxygen (O),
nitrogen (N),
phosphorus(P),
potassium (K),
calcium(Ca),
magnesium (Mg),
sulphur(S),
iron (Fe),
zinc (Zn),
manganese (Mn),
copper (Cu),
boron (B),
molybdenum (Mo),
and chlorine (Cl).
Essential plant nutrients
P K Mukherjee, ICAR-IVRI
3. Major nutrients
Group I : Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
Group II: Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium
Secondary Nutrients: Calcium, magnesium, sulphur
Micro nutrients:
Iron, manganese, boron, zinc, copper, molybdenum and chlorine.
Essential plant nutrients
P K Mukherjee, ICAR-IVRI
4. Essential plant nutrient:
i). The completion of the life cycle of the plant cannot be
achieved in the absence of such an element.
ii). Plays a specific role in the plant.
iii). Causes set back to growth of the plant showing visual
symptoms when the plant is deficient in it.
Essential plant nutrients
P K Mukherjee, ICAR-IVRI
5. Nutrient Chemical symbol
Primary Nutrients
1. Carbon
2. Hydrogen
3. Oxygen
4. Nitrogen
5. Phosphorus
6. Potassium
Secondary Nutrients
7. Calcium
8. Magnesium
9. Sulphur
Micro Nutrients
10. Iron
11. Zinc
12. Manganese
13. Copper
14. Boron
15. Molybdenum
16. Chlorine
C
H
O
N
P
K
Ca
Mg
S
Fe
Zn
Mn
Cu
B
Mo
Cl
Essential plant nutrients
P K Mukherjee, ICAR-IVRI
6. Nitrogen is the basic nutrient and makes up 1-4% of day weight of
plants and it forms chlorophyll, amino acids, proteins, alkaloids and
protoplasm.
When the plant takes up large quantities of nitrogen from the soil the colour of the
plant changes to dark-green, indicating the increase of chlorophyll in the plant.
When there is less uptake of nitrogen, the leaves remain small and pale-yellow in
colour.
As the level of nitrogen supply increases, compared with other nutrients, the extra
protein produced enlarges the leaves which provides larger leaf surface for photosynthesis
and makes the leaves more succulent and less coarse, increases the length of the growing
season and delays maturity.
In relation to shoot growth the root growth is depressed.
But when the crop plants become more succulent due to larger availability of nitrogen they
become susceptible to pest and diseases.
Role of
nitrogen in
plant
P K Mukherjee, ICAR-IVRI
7. Phosphorus makes 0.1 to 0.5% of dry weight of the plant.
Plants which cannot absorb adequate quantities of phosphorus from the soil have
small root system and leaves and their growth is stunted.
In cereals tillering is reduced and maturity is delayed.
Phosphorus is particularly helpful in the production of legumes, as it increases the
activity of nodular bacteria which fix nitrogen in the soil.
It stimulates early root growth and development.
Optimum quantity of phosphorus available to the crop in
combination with nitrogen balances their shoot and root growth.
Role of
phosphorus
in plant
P K Mukherjee, ICAR-IVRI
8. • The stalks and stems (of plants) are more stiff when an
adequate supply of potassium is available. The lodging in
cereals is reduced due to adequate availability of potassium.
• It increases the plumpness of the grains. In general it imparts
vigour and resistance to diseases.
Role of potassium in plant
P K Mukherjee, ICAR-IVRI
33. One of the objectives of soil tests is to sort out the nutrient deficient areas from
non-deficient ones.
This information is important for determining whether the soils could supply
adequate nutrients for optimum crop production or not.
Indiscriminate use of fertilizer is not only increases the cost of crop production but
also results in deleterious effects on soil fertility.
The concept of balanced nutrition of crops also guides the use of plant nutrients in a
definite proportion as required by the crops which is possible only if one knows the
available nutrient status of his soils.
Objective of soil testing
P K Mukherjee, ICAR-IVRI
34. D) Systematic grid
B) TransectA) Simple random
C) Two-stage
Sampling Plan
P K Mukherjee, ICAR-IVRI
36. SL.No. Soil nutrient Soil Fertility Range
Low Medium High
1 Organic carbon as a
measure of available
Nitrogen (%)
< 0.5 0.5-0.75 >0.75
2 Available N as per
alkaline permanganate
method (kg/ha)
<272 272-544 >544
3 Available P by Olsen’s
method (kg/ha) in
Alkaline soil
<10 10-24.6 >24.6
4 Available K by
Neutral N, ammonia
acetate method (kg/ha)
<108 108-280 >280
Soil fertility status
P K Mukherjee, ICAR-IVRI
37. Name of the farmers
Fathers’ Name
Village
Block, District and State
Date of receipt of soil sample in the laboratory
Khasra No. of Field
Soil Type: Sandy/Loam/Clayey/Sandy / loam/Clay Loam
Soil Nutrient Status:
Nitrogen : L M H
Phosphorus: L M H
Potassium: L M H
Micro-nutrient deficient: Zn /Cu /Mn /B /Mo /Fe /S
Micro-nutrient sufficient: Zn /Cu /Mn /B /Mo /Fe /S
Soil Alkalinity :
Soil Salinity :
Soil Acidity :
Less than critical level / More than critical level
( does not require / require amendment )
Less than critical level / More than critical level
( does not require / require amendment )
Less than critical level / More than critical level
( does not require / requires liming )
General / overall
comments on soil
fertility
• The soil is sandy / loam / clay loam……………in nature.
• Has low /medium /high nitrogen content and low / medium / high
in phosphorous and ……. in potash.
• Among micro-nutrients, zinc/Cu …..… content is low.
• Soil is / is not saline/ alkali/ acidic in nature.
• The soil can support good crop growth with moderate use of
fertilizers / organic manures, and with the application of gypsum /lime.
• Overall fertility level can be categorized as low / medium/ high
Soil Health Card
38. Soil test based fertilizer recommendation
Crop Soil fertility status
and fertilizer dose
N P K
Fertilizer scheduling
Wheat H- 80 40 40
M- 100 50 50
L- 120 60 60
Basal-1/2 N, full P and K.
Topdressing of N ¼ at 21 DAS
(Days after sowing) and ¼ at 40-50
DAS
Potato H- 150 100 100
M- 200 125 125
L- 250 150 150
Basal- ¾ N, full P and K.
Topdressing of N ¼ at 1st earthing
up (30-35 DAS ).
Maize
(Kharif
season/rainy
season)
H- 40 20 20
M- 60 30 30
L- 80 40 40
Basal-1/2 N, full P and K.
Topdressing of N ¼ at 30 DAS and
¼ at 50-60 DAS (tasselling)
Maize (Rabi
season/winte
r season)
H- 60 30 30
M- 90 45 45
L- 120 60 60
Basal-1/2 N, full P and K.
Topdressing of N ¼ at 30 DAS and
¼ at 50-60 DAS (tasselling)
P K Mukherjee, ICAR-IVRI
39. Crop Soil fertility status
and fertilizer dose
N P K
Fertilizer scheduling
Rice (Kharif season/rainy
season/winter rice) short
duration (115-125 days)
for High yielding variety
(HYV)
H- 40 20 20
M- 50 25 25
L- 60 30 30
Basal- ¼ N, full P and K.
Topdressing of N ½ at 15 DAT
(Days after transplanting)
and ¼ at 30-35 DAT
Rice (Kharif season/rainy
season/winter rice)
medium duration (125-
135 days) for High
yielding variety (HYV)
H- 50 25 25
M- 60 30 30
L- 80 40 40
Basal- ¼ N, full P and K.
Topdressing of N ½ at 15 DAT
(Days after transplanting)
and ¼ at 40-45 DAT
Rice (Rabi season/ winter
season/summer rice) for
High yielding variety
(HYV)
H- 80 40 40
M- 100 50 50
L- 120 60 60
Basal- ¼ N, full P and K.
Topdressing of N ½ at 15-20
DAT (Days after
transplanting) and ¼ at 35-40
DAT
P K Mukherjee, ICAR-IVRI
