Plant Kingdom

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An apple tree is an angiosperm plant that produces seeds inside cones. Plants can be categorized as herbaceous with soft, flexible stems or woody with hard stems. The parts of a compound leaf include multiple leaflets attached to a central petiole or stem. Dogs are mammals, squirrels eat seeds, and fish are aquatic animals.

AN APPLE – TREE HAVE SEEDS AND IS AN ANGIOSPERM PLANT.

HERBACEOUS PLANTS – STEM IS SOFT AND FLEXIBLE

PARTS OF COMPOUD LEAF

LEAFLETS

PETIOLE

- A DOG IS A MAMMAL
- A SQUIRREL EATS SEEDS
- A FISH IS AN AQUATIC
ANIMAL

Angiosperms are the flowering plants also known as Magnoliophyta. The botanical term "Angiosperm" meaning ‘bottle or vessel’ is derived from the ancient Greek. These are the most diverse group of land plants. Angiosperms are seed-producing plants and the distinguished features of angiosperms over gymnosperms are angiosperms bear flowers, endosperm within the seeds and the production of fruits that contain the seed. According to the botanists the flowering plants diversified and widespread 120 million years ago. The classification of the flowering plants also has a long history. In the past, classification systems were typically produced by an individual botanist or by a small group resulting large number of systems. Different systems and their updates were generally favored in different countries. Bentham and Hooker’s system was popular in the Britain and the Engler’s system was famous in the Europe etc. These systems were introduced before the availability of genetic evidences and angiosperms were classified using their morphology and biochemistry. After the 1980’s genetic evidences were available and phylogenetic methods came into the classification procedures. In the late 1990s, an informal group of researchers from major institutions worldwide came together and they established the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG). The objective was to provide a widely accepted and more stable point of reference for angiosperm classification. APG I was published in 1998 as their first attempt in Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. The initial 1998 paper by the APG made angiosperms the first large group of organisms to be systematically re-classified primarily on the basis of genetic characteristics. The group emphasized the need for a classification system for angiosperms at the level of families, orders and above. The existed systems are rejected is because they are not phylogenetically classified. The outline of a phylogenetic tree of all flowering plants became established and several well supported major clades involving many families of flowering plants were identified. The new knowledge of phylogeny revealed relationships in conflict with the then widely used modern classifications. The principles of APG system are retaining the Linnean system of orders and families, Use of monophyletic groups (Consist of all descendants of a common ancestor), taking a broad approach to defining the limits of groups such as orders and families and use of term ‘clades’ above or parallel to the level of orders and families. A major outcome of the classification is the disappearance of the traditional division of the flowering plants into two groups, which are monocots and dicots. Even though there are several controversies about APG the botanists worldwide are influenced by the concept and are currently practice the system.

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4. AN APPLE – TREE HAVE SEEDS AND IS AN ANGIOSPERM PLANT.

6. INSIDE THE CONES THERE ARE SEEDS

9. HERBACEOUS PLANTS – STEM IS SOFT AND FLEXIBLE

10. WOODY PLANTS – STEM IS HARD

11. VEINS BLADE PETIOLE

12. PARTS OF COMPOUD LEAF LEAFLETS PETIOLE

13.

14. - A DOG IS A MAMMAL - A SQUIRREL EATS SEEDS - A FISH IS AN AQUATIC ANIMAL

15. MADE BY...

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