This document provides an overview of plant botany, defining key terms like trees, shrubs, herbs, stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits. It describes the structures and functions of plant parts, including stems, leaves, buds, roots, and reproductive parts. It also covers processes like photosynthesis, respiration, and transpiration, as well as environmental factors that influence plant growth like light, temperature, water, humidity, and nutrients.

1. Warren County Master Gardener Class Botany 101 Carol La Faver CEA for Horticulture—Warren County

5. When Is a Tree a Tree?

10. Stems Structures which support buds and leaves and serves as conduits for carrying water, minerals and sugars

12. Table 1. Comparison between monocots and dicots. Structure Monocot Dicot Seed leaves 1 2 Vascular system Xylem and phloem are paired in bundles, which are dispersed throughout the stem. Xylem and phloem inside the stem. The ring of phloem is near the bark; the xylem forms the inner ring. Floral parts Usually in multiples of three. Usually in multiples of four or five. Leaves Often parallel-veined. Usually net-veined

13. Cross-section of Stems

17. Pith

24. Stem Terminology - Shoot - A young stem (1 year old or less) with leaves. Twig - A young stem (1 year old or less) that is in the dormant winter stage (has no leaves). Branch - A stem that is more than 1 year old, typically with lateral stems radiating from it. Trunk - A woody plant's main stem.

28. Leaf Scar

29. Lenticels

30. Thorns

39. Leaf Venation – Parallel, Pinnate, and Palmate

40. Shapes of Leaves – Simple, Palmate Compound, Pinnate Compound, & Double Pinnate Compound

41. Shape of Leaf Blade – Oblong, Lanceolate, Linear, Ovate, Elliptical, Orbicular, Cordate

42. Shape of Leaf Base - Hastate, Sagittate, Peltate, Perfoliate,Terete

43. Leaf Margin – Entire, Serrate, Serrulate, Dentate, Undulate, Crisped, Pinnatifid

53. What Does This Picture Tell You?

60. Inflorescence – Spike, Panicle, Raceme, Head, Umbel

61. Pollination & Fertilization

67. Photosynthesis Carbon dioxide + Water + Sunlight = Sugar + Oxygen or 6 CO 2 + 6 H 2 0 + Energy => C 6 H 12 0 6 + 6 0 2

69. Photosynthesis Occurs in Chloroplasts

72. Respiration C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2 => 6 CO 2 + 6 H 2 O + Energy

80. Photosynthesis, Respiration and Transpiration Work Together

91. Nutrients Essential for Plant Growth Chlorine (Cl) Cobalt (Co) Copper (Cu) Sulfur (S) Boron (B) Calcium (Ca) Manganese (Mn) Magnesium (Mg) Molybdenum (Mo) Phosphorus (K) Oxygen (O) Zinc (Zn) Potassium (P) Hydrogen (H) Iron (Fe) Nitrogen (N) Carbon (C) Micronutrients Macronutrients Air/water