الأمراض النباتية المتسببة عن الإصابة بالفطريات الناقصة
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Plant Pathogenic Fungi ( Deuteromycetes)
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Types of plant resistance to pathogens
This document discusses different types of plant resistance to pathogens. It describes true resistance, which includes partial/quantitative/polygenic resistance controlled by multiple genes (horizontal resistance) and R-gene/monogenic resistance controlled by single genes (vertical resistance). It also discusses the genetics of virulence in pathogens and resistance in host plants using the gene-for-gene concept. Specifically, it explains how avirulence genes in pathogens interact with resistance genes in plants to determine compatibility.
How plants defend themselves against pathogens
Plants have two main ways to defend themselves against pathogens: structural characteristics and biochemical characteristics. Structural defenses include waxy cuticles, thick cell walls, stomata shape and distribution, trichomes, lenticels, hydathodes, cork layers, abscission layers, and tyloses. Biochemical defenses include the hypersensitive response where infected cells are killed to contain the pathogen, and inducible chemical defenses where pathogens are recognized by molecular patterns which triggers immune responses. Together these structural and biochemical defenses help plants survive attacks from hundreds of potential pathogens.
Parasitism and disease
The document discusses host-pathogen interactions and plant parasitism. It begins by defining key terms like host-pathogen interaction and parasitism. It then describes how pathogens can infect hosts on a molecular and cellular level. It discusses the disease cycle, including inoculation, penetration, infection, and dissemination. It explains different types of pathogen interactions with hosts, including obligate and nonobligate parasites. It also discusses symbiotic relationships between some microbes and plants. In summary, the document provides an overview of host-pathogen interactions, the disease cycle, and different types of parasitic relationships between microbes and plants.
Aspects of applied plant pathology
This document discusses plant biotechnology and genetically modified organisms. It describes how plant biotechnology can be used to develop genetically modified plants with improved traits like increased yield, quality, and disease resistance. It provides several examples of how specific crops have been genetically engineered for resistance against certain pathogens. While acknowledging these benefits, it also outlines some of the objections that have been raised against genetically modified organisms, including concerns about their impact on the environment and human and animal health.
Rust diseases
The document lists various plant rust fungi and their causes. It mentions Uromyces fabae which causes broad bean rust, Puccinia graminis tritici which causes wheat stem rust, and Phragmidium mucronatum found infecting roses in Poland and willows in Latvia. It also lists Tranzschelia pruni-spinosae which causes rust on rose hips and Melampsora lini as the cause of flax rust. Finally, it discusses Puccinia allii, the causal agent of onion rust.
BASIDIOMYCOTINA
This document summarizes key features of fungi and fungal-like organisms. It describes that they are heterotrophic and use hyphae to colonize substrates and obtain nutrients. Hyphae of plant pathogens colonize plants through direct penetration, while saprophytes penetrate diseased or dead plant tissue. True fungi have cell walls composed of glucans and chitin, while fungal-like organisms have cell walls of cellulose and glycans. The document also provides a classification system for plant pathogenic fungi and fungi in general based on their phylogenetic and taxonomic characteristics.
Diseases caused by Downy Mildew fungi
This document describes several genera of oomycetes that cause downy mildew diseases in plants. It provides details on their taxonomic classification, structures and life cycles. Key points include:
- Plasmopara viticola causes downy mildew of grapes and produces both asexual zoospores and sexual oospores.
- Pseudoperonospora cubensis causes downy mildew of cucurbits like cucumber and produces sporangia and infects via intercellular hyphae.
- Bremia lactucae causes downy mildew of lettuce and has asexual sporangia and can reproduce sexually or asexually via oospores.
Interaction between Bioagents and Soil microorganisms
5.تفاعل الكائنات المضادة مع الكائنات الدقيقة في التربة
Scientific classification of organisms
In biology, kingdom (Latin: regnum, pl. regna) is a taxonomic rank, which is either the highest rank or in the more recent three-domain system, therank below domain. Kingdoms are divided into smaller groups called phyla (in zoology) or divisions in botany. The complete sequence of ranks is life,domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus and species
interoduction of Plant diseases
The broadest definition of plant disease includes anything that damages plant health. This definition can include such diverse factors as pathogens, insufficient nitrogen, air pollution, lawnmower damage, and deer damage.
Mycology & ASCOMYCOTINA
The document discusses taxonomy of fungi, specifically powdery mildew fungi of the order Erysiphales. It provides a key to genera of powdery mildew fungi based on characteristics of their cleistothecia such as wall thickness, number of asci contained, and shape of appendages. Genera discussed include Erysiphe, Podosphaera, Blumeria, Microsphaera, Phyllactinia, and Uncinula. Diagrams are also provided showing structures of cleistothecia, ascospores, and asexual spores for some powdery mildew fungi.
Introduction to the basidiomycota
The document provides an introduction to the Basidiomycota, including:
- Basidiomycota produce sexual spores (basidiospores) on basidia and often form distinctive fruiting bodies (basidiocarps).
- Some Basidiomycota like Armillaria ostoyae can form extensive underground networks of mycelium over large areas through dikaryotic growth.
- Common mushrooms often emerge in circles known as fairy rings from the expanding mycelial networks.
- The document then covers the classification, life cycles, and importance of key groups like rusts and smuts, which include major plant pathogens.
Fungi imperfecti
The document summarizes classifications of fungi imperfecti (asexual fungi) and provides a detailed taxonomy of fungi. It describes three classes of fungi imperfecti - Hyphomycetes, Coelomycetes, and Agonomycetes - based on their structures and reproductive characteristics. It then outlines several classification systems for fungi proposed by different scientists from 1950-1962 and provides a detailed taxonomy of fungi from the divisions Chytridiomycota to Deuteromycota.
Biozygomycota
Zygomycetes are fungi that belong to the Phylum Zygomycota.
They are distinguished by their sexual reproduction involving zygospores in gametangial fusion and asexual reproduction involving sporangia.
There are over 1000 discovered species of Zygomycota.
More Related Content
More from Mohamed Barakat
Types of plant resistance to pathogens
This document discusses different types of plant resistance to pathogens. It describes true resistance, which includes partial/quantitative/polygenic resistance controlled by multiple genes (horizontal resistance) and R-gene/monogenic resistance controlled by single genes (vertical resistance). It also discusses the genetics of virulence in pathogens and resistance in host plants using the gene-for-gene concept. Specifically, it explains how avirulence genes in pathogens interact with resistance genes in plants to determine compatibility.
How plants defend themselves against pathogens
Plants have two main ways to defend themselves against pathogens: structural characteristics and biochemical characteristics. Structural defenses include waxy cuticles, thick cell walls, stomata shape and distribution, trichomes, lenticels, hydathodes, cork layers, abscission layers, and tyloses. Biochemical defenses include the hypersensitive response where infected cells are killed to contain the pathogen, and inducible chemical defenses where pathogens are recognized by molecular patterns which triggers immune responses. Together these structural and biochemical defenses help plants survive attacks from hundreds of potential pathogens.
Parasitism and disease
The document discusses host-pathogen interactions and plant parasitism. It begins by defining key terms like host-pathogen interaction and parasitism. It then describes how pathogens can infect hosts on a molecular and cellular level. It discusses the disease cycle, including inoculation, penetration, infection, and dissemination. It explains different types of pathogen interactions with hosts, including obligate and nonobligate parasites. It also discusses symbiotic relationships between some microbes and plants. In summary, the document provides an overview of host-pathogen interactions, the disease cycle, and different types of parasitic relationships between microbes and plants.
Aspects of applied plant pathology
This document discusses plant biotechnology and genetically modified organisms. It describes how plant biotechnology can be used to develop genetically modified plants with improved traits like increased yield, quality, and disease resistance. It provides several examples of how specific crops have been genetically engineered for resistance against certain pathogens. While acknowledging these benefits, it also outlines some of the objections that have been raised against genetically modified organisms, including concerns about their impact on the environment and human and animal health.
Rust diseases
The document lists various plant rust fungi and their causes. It mentions Uromyces fabae which causes broad bean rust, Puccinia graminis tritici which causes wheat stem rust, and Phragmidium mucronatum found infecting roses in Poland and willows in Latvia. It also lists Tranzschelia pruni-spinosae which causes rust on rose hips and Melampsora lini as the cause of flax rust. Finally, it discusses Puccinia allii, the causal agent of onion rust.
BASIDIOMYCOTINA
This document summarizes key features of fungi and fungal-like organisms. It describes that they are heterotrophic and use hyphae to colonize substrates and obtain nutrients. Hyphae of plant pathogens colonize plants through direct penetration, while saprophytes penetrate diseased or dead plant tissue. True fungi have cell walls composed of glucans and chitin, while fungal-like organisms have cell walls of cellulose and glycans. The document also provides a classification system for plant pathogenic fungi and fungi in general based on their phylogenetic and taxonomic characteristics.
Diseases caused by Downy Mildew fungi
This document describes several genera of oomycetes that cause downy mildew diseases in plants. It provides details on their taxonomic classification, structures and life cycles. Key points include:
- Plasmopara viticola causes downy mildew of grapes and produces both asexual zoospores and sexual oospores.
- Pseudoperonospora cubensis causes downy mildew of cucurbits like cucumber and produces sporangia and infects via intercellular hyphae.
- Bremia lactucae causes downy mildew of lettuce and has asexual sporangia and can reproduce sexually or asexually via oospores.
Interaction between Bioagents and Soil microorganisms
5.تفاعل الكائنات المضادة مع الكائنات الدقيقة في التربة
Scientific classification of organisms
In biology, kingdom (Latin: regnum, pl. regna) is a taxonomic rank, which is either the highest rank or in the more recent three-domain system, therank below domain. Kingdoms are divided into smaller groups called phyla (in zoology) or divisions in botany. The complete sequence of ranks is life,domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus and species
interoduction of Plant diseases
The broadest definition of plant disease includes anything that damages plant health. This definition can include such diverse factors as pathogens, insufficient nitrogen, air pollution, lawnmower damage, and deer damage.
Mycology & ASCOMYCOTINA
The document discusses taxonomy of fungi, specifically powdery mildew fungi of the order Erysiphales. It provides a key to genera of powdery mildew fungi based on characteristics of their cleistothecia such as wall thickness, number of asci contained, and shape of appendages. Genera discussed include Erysiphe, Podosphaera, Blumeria, Microsphaera, Phyllactinia, and Uncinula. Diagrams are also provided showing structures of cleistothecia, ascospores, and asexual spores for some powdery mildew fungi.
Introduction to the basidiomycota
The document provides an introduction to the Basidiomycota, including:
- Basidiomycota produce sexual spores (basidiospores) on basidia and often form distinctive fruiting bodies (basidiocarps).
- Some Basidiomycota like Armillaria ostoyae can form extensive underground networks of mycelium over large areas through dikaryotic growth.
- Common mushrooms often emerge in circles known as fairy rings from the expanding mycelial networks.
- The document then covers the classification, life cycles, and importance of key groups like rusts and smuts, which include major plant pathogens.
Fungi imperfecti
The document summarizes classifications of fungi imperfecti (asexual fungi) and provides a detailed taxonomy of fungi. It describes three classes of fungi imperfecti - Hyphomycetes, Coelomycetes, and Agonomycetes - based on their structures and reproductive characteristics. It then outlines several classification systems for fungi proposed by different scientists from 1950-1962 and provides a detailed taxonomy of fungi from the divisions Chytridiomycota to Deuteromycota.
Biozygomycota
Zygomycetes are fungi that belong to the Phylum Zygomycota.
They are distinguished by their sexual reproduction involving zygospores in gametangial fusion and asexual reproduction involving sporangia.
There are over 1000 discovered species of Zygomycota.
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Interaction between Bioagents and Soil microorganisms
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الأمراض النباتية المتسببة عن الإصابة بالفطريات الناقصة
- 3. الناقصة ياترالفط جنسي طور اآلن حتي لها يكتشف لم فطريات الكونيدية بالجراثيم تتكاثر الفطريات مع كبيرة قرابة صلة ذات انها ويعتقداألسكية والمقاومة للمرض المناسبة والظروف والمسبب االعراض اهم عن ابحث التالية لألمراض: 1.الفول في البني التبقع 2.والفاكهة الخضر في الرمادي العفن 3.البصل في االبيض العفن 4.الذبول أمراض
- 4. Botrytis fabae الفول يف البين التبقع
- 5. Chocolate spot Botrytis fabae lesions on field or broad bean leaves Vicia faba
- 8. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici
- 9. Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense
- 10. البني باللون الخشبية االنسجة تلون