Planning Public Speaking: Topics and Audiences
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The document provides guidance on preparing and delivering an effective informative presentation. It discusses choosing an appropriate topic that is substantive, serious, and supported. It outlines the basic requirements for the presentation, including time limits, approved topics, extemporaneous delivery, citation of sources, and submission of an outline. The document also discusses steps to take in preparing such as selecting a topic, analyzing the audience, determining the purpose and main points, gathering materials, outlining, and practicing. It provides tips for audience analysis including considering demographics, attitudes, beliefs, values, needs, and receptivity. Finally, it demonstrates how the topic and content should be adapted based on the specific audience.
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Planning Public Speaking: Topics and Audiences
- 2. Why, What & How How do They Build Bridges Across The Water ? Why does a Lightning Bug Light Up? What is a Bucky Ball?
- 3. Choosing a good topic Topics should be: substantive (new and engaging information for your audience) serious (Based in reality, not fantastic or silly) supported (Based on credible evidence) situated (Fits the classroom situation well)
- 4. Basic Requirements 1. Falls within the 5-7 minute time limit 2. Explores an approved topic 3. Utilizes extemporaneous and enthusiastic delivery 4. Incorporates 4 high quality sources 5. Citation of all of your sources during your speech 6. Submission of a typed full sentence outline (2-4 p.) 7. Contains a clear introduction, body, & conclusion 8. Follows APA or MLA guidelines
- 6. Steps in Preparing a Speech Select a topic Analyze the audience Determine the purpose, thesis & main points Gather supporting material Separate the speech into major parts Outline the speech Develop presentation aids Practice delivering the speech
- 8. “To make a successful speech, you too must function like an advertiser.” good
- 9. Analyzing your Audience Situational information Demographic information Psychological information
- 10. Speech context/Rhetorical situation - Orientation toward speaker, occasion, topic Size of audience Physical setting Time and length of speech Situational: The Setting
- 11. Rhetorical situation: Purpose, audience need? Presidential Address Example Speech after Hurricane Harvey
- 12. Characteristic of the Audience Demographic Age Ethnic/cultural background Gender Marital status / # of children SES: Occupation/education/income Group af fi liation: religious/political Disability
- 13. Attitude - Learned predisposition to respond to a person, object, or idea in a favorable or unfavorable way. Belief - The way in which you structure your understanding of reality--what is true and what is false. Value - Basic principles that organize one’s life. Enduring concepts of good and bad, right & wrong. Psychographics
- 14. Relationship between Attitudes, Beliefs and Values Shallow Deep Experience, authority Individual Family, school, religion Equal Opportunity EXAMPLE Affirmative Action is good Women are discri- minated against in the workplace Attitudes Values Beliefs Attitudes, Beliefs & Values
- 15. Attitudes Evaluations made about specific problems/issues "Attitude is the extent of liking or disliking something." (Mueller, 1980) Strongly agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly disagree Attitudes
- 16. Types of Attitudes N + Positive -- Negative Neutral ? Swing Vote Types of Attitudes
- 17. Needs and wants motivate people to act Speakers can motivate audiences by: playing on audience needs showing that their needs are currently unsatis fi ed showing how their needs will be satis fi ed Audience Needs Need: State in which some sort of unsatis fi ed condition exists
- 18. Physiological Food, Water, Shelter, etc. Safety Security, Freedom from Fear Friends, Family, Spouse Social Esteem Recognition, Respect Self- Actualization Full fi llment, Be all you can be Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs: Explains what motivates people to act
- 19. Ultimatum to Sadam Hussein March 17, 2003
- 21. Audience How the audience feels towards the speaker & the topic friendly hostile neutral uninterested Zzzzzz Need a different approach for each! Audience Receptivity How the audience feels towards the speaker & the topic
- 22. Steps in Preparing a Speech Select a topic Analyze the audience Determine the purpose, thesis & main points Gather supporting material Separate the speech into major parts Outline the speech Develop presentation aids Practice delivering the speech
- 23. Topic #1: Airline safety Aud. 1: 80% high fl ight anxiety; mostly male Aud. 2:Audience of journalists & plane crash survivors Aud. 3:Air force students & commercial plane pilots Topic #2: Legal drinking age Aud. 1: 75% members of MADD, politically active audience Aud. 2: 80% newly arrived international students Aud. 3: Mostly spring breakers, 20% opposed to alcohol Topic Adaptation
- 24. Topic #3: The war in Vietnam Aud. 1: MostlyVietnam war veterans & families of fallen soldiers Aud. 2: Evening class, mostly age 45 and older Aud. 3: Day class, mostly freshmen Topic #4: The romantic style in art, music & literature Aud. 1: 40% art majors, 40% English majors, 20% music majors Aud. 2: Mostly foreign students with a basic knowledge of English Aud. 3:Audience of MBA students & business owners Topic Adaptation