2. PERSUASIVE SPEECH
Persuasive speaking is the form of communication that people of diverse
backgrounds mostly engage in. This kind of speech can center on any
arguably interesting topic under the sun. When you deliver your persuasive
speech, your primary goal is to influence the thoughts, feelings, actions,
and behavior or attitudes of your listeners (Gamble & Gamble, 2012).
Likewise, you also aim to change their perception and convince them that
your argument is more important, practical, attainable, or feasible.
4. Adapting to a favorable audience
• A favorable audience means most of the listeners agree
with you
• need to sustain and build on their favorable attitude.
5. Adapting to a neutral audience
• A NEUTRAL AUDIENCE IS ONE IN WHICH THE MAJORITY OF
THE LISTENERS HAVE NOT REACHED A DECISION ABOUT
YOUR THESIS.
• tHEY WILL LISTEN TO ALL SIDES OF AN ARGUMENT EQUALLY,
SO YOU NEED TO GIVE THEM INFORMATION TO PERSUADE
THEM TO TAKE A STAND.
6. Adapting to an Apathetic audience
• An apathetic audiencce is one in which the majority of
the listeners have no interests in your thesis/topic.
• Need to show how your thesis affects them to persuade.
7. Adapting to a Hostile audience
• A hostile audience is one in which the majority of the listeners oppose your
thesis.
• Need to show the listeners that they are being fair in listening to you, that
what you have to say matters to them, and that you are worth listening to.
8. How are you going to influence the
thoughts, feelings, actions, and
behavior or attitudes of your
listeners ?
11. Establish your character and ethics (ETHOS)
• show you are competent to be talking about your topic
• be sincere and genuine in your delivery
• be energetic and enthusiastic about your topic
• prove you are a credible voice on your topic
12. Apply logical reasoning (LOGOS)
• Use reasons supported by evidence to explain/justify your thesis.
evidence from your life experience
evidence from your research
evidence from other people
13. QUALITIES GUIDE QUESTIONS
1. Well-defined goal • What is your specific goal in mind?
• Do you expect your audience to think differently, act
differently, or both, after they listen to your speech?
2. Clear main point • Is the main point of your speech clear to you?
• Is it specific and focused?
3. Sufficient supporting ideas • Do you have factual statement, reliable sources, or solid
evidence to support your main point?
• Do you have enough numbers of supporting
statement?
4. Logical reasoning (concrete reasons why your listeners
should support your ideas)
• How will you state your argument?
• Will you use any of the following?
• deductive (general evidence to specific)
• inductive (specific evidence to general)
• causal (cause/s or effect/s or vice versa)
• Analogy (compared to things or situations)
QUALITIES OF AN EFFECTIVE
PERSUASIVE SPEECH
14. 5. Effective and powerful ways to gain the attention
of your audience
• Do you use any of the following effective
techniques to grab the attention of your listeners
and engage them in your speech?
• Powerful and relevant question
• Striking statistics
• Shocking incident
• Memorable anecdotes
• Humorous observation or experiences
6. Compelling ideas to make your target audience
feel and think
• Do you appeal to your listener’s mind?
• Do you appeal to your listener’s heart?
7.Salient motives to target the salient needs of your
audience.
• Do you motivate you audience by
incorporating ideas and thoughts important
to their growth and development as
individuals?
15. 1. Speech that Questions Fact
This type questions the existence of a particular event of happening. In this case, the persuasive
speaker poses questions of facts, derives conclusion from different sources or information, and
attempts to convince the audience to believe in his/her ideas.
2. Speech that Questions Value
this type focuses on questions of value regarding topics on the self, family, friendship, religions,
government, freedom, love, and money among others. In this case, the persuasive speaker (1) makes a
statement or claims which reflects his or her judgment, (2) attempts to convince his or her audience of
his or her judgment, and (3) justifies it based on standards.
3. Speech that Questions Policy
this type questions the current state of things which can impact the future. In this case, the
persuasive speech asks relevant questions that can help in making a decision on whether or not
something should be implemented, observed, or done.
TYPES OF CLAIMS IN PERSUASIVE SPEECH
16. PROPOSITIONS OF FACT
refers to a condition (has existed), exist(present),or will exist (future).
inferences made are based on data,documents, and scientific research or observations.
Guide questions:
• did it happen?
• does it exist?
• is it true?
• how can its truthfulness can be verified?
• Is it a fact?
17. Examples:
• The oldest known disease in the world is leprosy.
• Cancer is not contagious.
• The climate will get warmer in the next few years because
of global warming.
18. How to defend your propositions of fact
• State the claim clearly
• define terms that may be controversial or ambigous so
that readers know exactly what you mean.
• Make sure that your evidence fulfills the appropriate
criteria.
19. • Make clear when conclusions about the data are
inferences or interretations, not facts.
• Arrange your evidence in order to emphasize what is
most important.
20. Propositions of Value
• are value judgment made based on morals, standards, and norms.
• argues that something is good or bad, or that one thing is better than another
thing.
21. Examples:
• Death penalty is unjust.
• It is better to have loved and lost, than never to have loved at all.
• It’s better to apply good nutritional choices at home than teach them at
school, because good nutrition then becomes ingrained in the child’s
experience.
22. Guide questions on propositions of value
• Which claims endorse what is good or bad?
• What qualities should be considered good? why?
• Which of these values content with others?
• Which ones are more important, and why?
• Whose standards are used?
23. How to defend your propositions of Value
• Try to make clear that the values or principles you are defending should ave
priority on any scale of values
• Keep in mind that you and your readets may differ about their relative
importance.
• Suggest that adherence to the values you are defending will bring about
good result in some specific situation or bad results in respect for the values
ignored.
24. • Since value terms are abstract, use examples and illustrations to clarify
meanings and make distinction
25. Propositions of Policy
•argues that certain conditions should exist, or
that something should or should not be done,
in order to solve a problem.
26. • A dress code should be introduced for all students
• President Duterte recalled order allowing kids aged 10 to
14 outside their homes.
27. How to defend propositions of policy
• Convince your audience that a problem exists.
• Make your proposal clear.
• Establish that there is a nedd for change.
28. • Devote the major part of your essay to providing that
your proposal is an answer to the opposing arguments
and there are distinct benefits for your readers in
adopting your proposal.
• Support your proposal with solid data, but don’t neglect
the moral considerations and the common-sense reasons,
which may be even more persuasive.
29. 1. Winning by cheating is worse than losing honesty.
2. The recent earthquake in January 2021,registered 7.0 on the richter scale.
3. Teachers are expected to retire on or before their 60th bbirthday.
4. Earthquake prediction technology is an important aspect of the Philippine
National Defense strategy.
5.Hospitals will prioritize patients with severe COVID-19 symptoms.
30. 6.The increase of population threatens the environment.
7.Excessive consumption of alcohol is fatalistic.
8.Watching television is a wasteful activity.
9.Globally, about 1 in 3 women will be beaten or raped in her lifetime.
31. 10. The transition of Philippine President’s mark significant changes in our
culture and society.
Despite the fact that History classes provide a comprehensive discussion on
these salient motives, very few appreciate the positive influence, the moral
changes, and the contribution of President in the ccountry.
32. ORGANIZATIONAL PATTERN
1. A.F.O.R.E.S.T. (anecdotes, facts and figures, opinion, rhetorical questions, emotive language, superlatives,
tripling)
Below are the rules in applying this pattern.
1. Anecdotes. Begin your speech with a personal story, observation or experience.
2. Facts and figures. Provide striking statistics that can support your ideas.
3. Opinion. Add in your opinion. You can begin with your statement with, “I believe that….”.
4. Rhetorical Questions. Think off and add engaging rhetorical question ( i.e., questions which do not intend to
elicit answers, but to make a point.)
5. Emotive language. Appeal to your audience’s emotion.
6. Superlatives. Use superlatives to exaggerate an idea.
7. Tripling. The rule of three in the English writing principle simply entails using three words together to
reinforce your point. This may add to the effectiveness of your persuasion. A classic example is Julius Caesar’s
statement: “Veni, vidi, vici” (I came, I saw, I conquered).
33. 2. Problem-solution
a. Identify the problem
b. Provide a solution, which will show the practicality of your proposal
3. Problem-Cause-Solution
a. Identify the problem
b. Analyze the root causes of the problem
c. Provide a solution to the problem
4. Comparative Advantages
a. Identify the problem
b. Present at least two solutions to the problem
c. Compare the two in terms of practicality and feasibility
34. 5. Monroe’s Motivated Sequence
Alan Monroe- a professor from Purdue University, created an outline for making
speeches based on the psychology of persuasion
How to Apply this Technique?
1. Grab the attention of the audience by identifying the challenge you plan to
address
2. Establish the need or urgency to address the identified challenge.
3. Present possible solutions to your audience to satisfy the need.
4. Help audience visualize.
5. Engage the audience to participate in promoting change through a call for action
35. METHODS OF PERSUASION
• They perceive that the speaker has credibility.
• They are convinced by the evidence presented by the
speaker.
• They are convinced by the speaker’s reasoning.
• Their emotions are touched by the speaker’s ideas or use
of language.
36. 1. How to enhance your credibility?
a. Explain how you became an expert on the topic
b. Connect your experiences, beliefs, values or attitudes with your
audience’s.
c. Practice more often so you can deliver your speech with
conviction
2. How to use evidence
a. Specify evidence
b. Avoid Outdated evidence
c. Choose reputable sources of evidence
37. 3. How to use Reasoning
Note: Avoid logical fallacies or errors in reasoning.
a. Ad Hominem – this happens when you attack the character of a
person
instead of his argument
b. Circular argument – this happens when the idea of a stated
argument is repeated.
c. False analogy – happens when two things, which might be alike in
some respects are compared and assumed to be similar in other ways.
d. False authority – happens when a statement of someone who is not
an expert in the field in question is being used in an argument
38. e. False Cause and effect – happens when the connection
between two consecutive events are not clear
f. Hasty generalization – happens when a conclusion is
drawn from insufficient evidence
g. Red Herring – happens when the answer does not
address the question
4. How to Use Emotional Appeal
a. Internalize what you are saying.
b. Use emotion appropriately.
