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Plagiarism & internet
The document discusses plagiarism and how to avoid it. It defines plagiarism as presenting others' work as your own and explains its importance. There are two types of plagiarism - intentional and unintentional. Common excuses students give for plagiarizing are discussed. More critical reasons for student plagiarism include lack of understanding of what constitutes plagiarism and poor time management. The document provides tips for properly citing sources using quotation, paraphrasing, and summarization. It also discusses the software Turnitin which is used to detect plagiarism.
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Plagiarism & internet
- 1. Plagiarism & Internet Prof.Dr. Tabrez Ahmad College of Legal Studies, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun Version 2 Dr. Tabrez Ahmad, http://technolexindia.blogspot.in
- 2. India’s Cyberlaw • Background •UNCITRAL Model Law on E-commerce • IT Act 2000 • IT Amendment Act 2008 • Current Status Dr. Tabrez Ahmad, http://technolexindia.blogspot.in
- 3. Plagiarism: What itMeans and How to Avoid It Dr. Tabrez Ahmad, http://technolexindia.blogspot.in
- 4. What Is Plagiarism? Plagiarismis “the act of presenting the words, ideas, images, sounds, or the creative expression of others as your own.” Dr. Tabrez Ahmad, http://technolexindia.blogspot.in
- 5. What's the originof the word plagiarism? The word plagiarism is derived from the Latin word plagiare, which means to kidnap or abduct Dr. Tabrez Ahmad, http://technolexindia.blogspot.in
- 6. Why is itimportant to understand Plagiarism? •Plagiarism is stealing of intellectual property •Plagiarism is cheating •Plagiarism is an Academic offence •Plagiarism is Academic theft! Dr. Tabrez Ahmad, http://technolexindia.blogspot.in
- 7. Excuses! It’s okay if Idon’t get caught! I was too busy to write that paper! (Job, big game, too much homework!) My teachers expect too much! I’ve got to get into ??? U.! My parents expect “A”s! This assignment was BORING! Everyone does it! Why do students plagiarize? Dr. Tabrez Ahmad, http://technolexindia.blogspot.in
- 8. More Critical Reasons WhyStudents Plagiarize are : 1. Unaware of what constitute plagiarism 2. Do not understand why sources are so important and why all the fuss is about 3. Do not know how to integrate/incorporate source materials into their own arguments or assignment 4. Have poor time-management skills, running out of time. Hence, they have no choice but to plagiarise. Dr. Tabrez Ahmad, http://technolexindia.blogspot.in
- 9. Two Types ofPlagiarism • Intentional Plagiarism *Copying a friend’s work * Borrowing or buying assignments * Cut and paste from electronic resources * Downloading essays from the Internet and presenting as your own work • Unintentional Plagiarism * Not knowing how to acknowledge or incorporate sources of information through proper paraphrasing, summarising and quotation *Careless copying, cutting and pasting from electronic databases *Quoting excessively * Failure to use your own “voice” Dr. Tabrez Ahmad, http://technolexindia.blogspot.in
- 10. Be Aware ofWhat Constitutes Plagiarism and Take Precaution Both intentional or unintentional plagiarism are not acceptable and are academic offences It is IMPORTANT that you acknowledge or give credit where it is due Dr. Tabrez Ahmad, http://technolexindia.blogspot.in
- 11. Be Aware ofWhat Constitutes Plagiarism and Take Precaution • It does not matter whether the person whose work you have cited is alive or dead. You still have to cite if it is not your own idea • If you paraphrase or translate some sections of a piece of work, you must give a citation •If you take an image from the Internet or any source, you must cite the sourceDr. Tabrez Ahmad, http://technolexindia.blogspot.in
- 12. Real Life Consequences Dr.Tabrez Ahmad, http://technolexindia.blogspot.in
- 13. Policy: Penalty on Plagiarism Thesubmission of a project report which is plagiarized will be rejected and referred to the Academic Disciplinary Committee for further action. Dr. Tabrez Ahmad, http://technolexindia.blogspot.in
- 14. Do I have tocite everything? Taken from Plagiarism PowerPoint at boe.qacps.k12.md.us/qhs/teachers/Boones/plagiarism.pptDr. Tabrez Ahmad, http://technolexindia.blogspot.in
- 15. Nope! • Facts thatare widely known, or • Information or judgments considered “common knowledge” Do NOT have to be cited Hooray for common knowledge! -- taken from Joyce Brannon’s “Plagiarism.” PowerPoint Presentation & Joyce Valenza’s “What is Plagiarism?” (See works cited). (Internet downloads) boe.qacps.k12.md.us/qhs/teachers/Boones/plagiarism.pptDr. Tabrez Ahmad, http://technolexindia.blogspot.in
- 16. Examples of CommonKnowledge or Widely Accepted Facts • The Nile is the longest river in the world • The world is round • The sun rises in the east If you see the information in three or more sources, and you are quite sure that your readers already know this information, it is likely to be “common knowledge.” However, whenever you are in doubt, cite! Dr. Tabrez Ahmad, http://technolexindia.blogspot.in
- 17. Ontario School Library Association:Curriculum Supports 2003 17 What’s the problem? Plagiarism and other forms of academic dishonesty have always existed. However, today: • Technology has made it so easy to plagiarize. • Academic dishonesty – in its many forms – is a common occurrence. • Plagiarism has become a game of cunning. • The integrity, ethics, and morality of our students are at stake.
- 18. Ontario School Library Association:Curriculum Supports 2003 18 Plagiarism: Then and Now Old Plagiarism Students: • copied from books, encyclopedias, journals; • misrepresented citations or bibliographic entries; • exchanged or purchased essays. New Plagiarism Students: • copy from one or more electronic sources; • download material from the Internet without acknowledgement; • locate essays in another language and then put them through translation programs.
- 19. Ontario School Library Association:Curriculum Supports 2003 19 Plagiarism: Then and Now Old Plagiarism • required time and effort to locate and copy; • papers still had to be written or typed; • required personal contact. New Plagiarism • copying and pasting is quick and effortless, providing instant gratification; • text fonts can be changed with a simple keystroke; • requires no personal contact, creating a sense of anonymity .
- 20. You do notneed to document/cite when: • Writing your own experiences and observations • Presenting the results of original research or experiments • Writing your own thoughts, comments or conclusions in an assignment • Evaluating or offering your own analysis • Using common knowledge or folklore • Using generally accepted facts or information Dr. Tabrez Ahmad, http://technolexindia.blogspot.in
- 21. What’s the bigdeal? -- taken from Joyce Brannon’s “Plagiarism.” PowerPoint Presentation & Joyce Valenza’s “What is Plagiarism?” (See works cited). (Internet downloads) boe.qacps.k12.md.us/qhs/teachers/Boones/plagiarism.pptDr. Tabrez Ahmad, http://technolexindia.blogspot.in
- 22. You can “borrow”from the works of others to be used in your own work! BUT HOW? Dr. Tabrez Ahmad, http://technolexindia.blogspot.in
- 23. Use these 3Strategies 1. Quotation 2. Paraphrasing 3. Summarizing This is to help you blend/incorporate source materials into your own writing and make sure that your “voice” is heard Dr. Tabrez Ahmad, http://technolexindia.blogspot.in
- 24. Quotations Use quotations to supportyour arguments and add credibility to your research paper. Dr. Tabrez Ahmad, http://technolexindia.blogspot.in
- 25. Tips for UsingQuotations Students frequently overuse direct quotation Only about 10% of your final manuscript should appear as directly quoted matter Dr. Tabrez Ahmad, http://technolexindia.blogspot.in
- 26. Example Interpreting these results,Robbins et al. (2003) suggested that the “therapists in dropout cases may have inadvertently validated parental negatively about the adolescent without adequately responding to the adolescent’s needs or concerns” (p. 541), contributing to an overall climate of negativity. Dr. Tabrez Ahmad, http://technolexindia.blogspot.in
- 27. For Quotations 1. Mustbe identical to the original. Match the source document word for word 2. Put quotation marks around the original author’s exact words 3. Must reference the original source 4. Include the page number of the original source Dr. Tabrez Ahmad, http://technolexindia.blogspot.in
- 28. Paraphrasing Presenting someone else’s essentialideas and information in your own words or language Dr. Tabrez Ahmad, http://technolexindia.blogspot.in
- 29. Example Original source: LizzieBorden: A Case Book of Family and Crime in the 1890s by Joyce Williams, et al.: The rise of industry, the growth of cities, and the expansion of the population were the three great developments of late nineteenth century American history. As new, larger, steam-powered factories became a feature of the American landscape in the East, they transformed farm hands into industrial laborers, and provided jobs for a rising tide of immigrants. With industry came urbanization the growth of large cities (like Fall River, Massachusetts, where the Bordens lived) which became the centers of production as well as of commerce and trade. Dr. Tabrez Ahmad, http://technolexindia.blogspot.in
- 30. After Paraphrasing Fall River,where the Borden family lived, was typical of northeastern industrial cities of the nineteenth century. Steam-powered production had shifted labor from agriculture to manufacturing, and as immigrants arrived in the US, they found work in these new factories. As a result, populations grew, and large urban areas arose. Fall River was one of these manufacturing and commercial centers (Williams, 1890). Dr. Tabrez Ahmad, http://technolexindia.blogspot.in
- 31. For Paraphrasing 1. Theparaphrased material is usually shorter than the original passage 2. Must use your own words 3. Must reference the original source Dr. Tabrez Ahmad, http://technolexindia.blogspot.in
- 32. 4 Steps toParaphrasing 1. Select the information you need 2. Use your own words a. Use synonyms (words with same meaning) b. Interchange active and passive voice 3. Give credit to original author a. Use In-text Citation ( author-date style) 4. Compare what you wrote with the original text. a. Are main ideas and substance covered b. Di you use your own words and modify sentence structure c. Did you give credit to author of original source Dr. Tabrez Ahmad, http://technolexindia.blogspot.in
- 33. Example of Howto Select Information Aim: How has European settlement in Australia affected different Australian birds? Not all species have suffered from land clearing. A few bird species, such as the magpie, together with larger kangaroos such as the Eastern Grey and Red, have expanded their range as clearing creates more of their favoured grassland and open woodland habitats, while some butterflies have also expanded their range as far as Alice Springs, following the trees and flowers planted around homesteads across the outback. Not all species have suffered from land clearing. A few bird species, such as the magpie, together with larger kangaroos such as the Eastern Grey and Red, have expanded their range as clearing creates more of their favoured grassland and open woodland habitats, while some butterflies have also expanded their range as far as Alice Springs, following the trees and flowers planted around homesteads across the outback. Dr. Tabrez Ahmad, http://technolexindia.blogspot.in
- 34. Summarizing The author’s original wordsare rewritten into a substantially shortened form that captures the most important elements Dr. Tabrez Ahmad, http://technolexindia.blogspot.in
- 35. Example Original source: "For thesemantic web to function, computers must have access to structured collections of information and sets of inference rules that they can use to conduct automated reasoning. Artificial-intelligence researchers have studied such systems since long before the Web was developed. Knowledge representation, as this technology is often called, is currently in a state comparable to that of hypertext before the advent of the Web: it is clearly a good idea, and some very nice demonstrations exist, but it has not yet changed the world. It contains the seeds of important applications, but to realize its full potential it must be linked into a single global system." Dr. Tabrez Ahmad, http://technolexindia.blogspot.in
- 36. After Summarizing Berners-Lee etal (2001) argue that incorporating artificial intelligence techniques into the mechanisms of the Internet will result in new systems with potential to make a large impact on society. References Berners-Lee, T., Hendler, J. & Lassila, O. (2001, May). The semantic web. Scientific American, 35-43. Dr. Tabrez Ahmad, http://technolexindia.blogspot.in
- 37. For Summarizing 1. Thetext is much shorter than the original text 2. Must use your own words, usually with very limited use of quotations 3. Must reference the original source Dr. Tabrez Ahmad, http://technolexindia.blogspot.in
- 38. In-Text Citations Whenever youparaphrase, summarise or quote from a particular source, you have to do “In-text Citation” An In-text Citation is referencing a work in the body of the text. It consist of the author’s surname and date of publication. To include page number if there is a direct quotation For example: A study conducted by Bright and Western (1984) suggested a significant relationship between... Alternatively, when emphasizing a particular author's ideas, author name/s can become the subject of the sentence with the date only following in brackets. For example: Bright and Western (1984) have argued that... Dr. Tabrez Ahmad, http://technolexindia.blogspot.in
- 39. Citation Styles There aredifferent styles for example 1. APA Style (American Psychological Association) 2. Harvard Style Dr. Tabrez Ahmad, http://technolexindia.blogspot.in
- 40. Which Style ShouldI Use? APA style for: Faculty of Accountancy & Management Faculty of Creative Industries Institute of Languages Faculty of Arts and Social Science Faculty of Business & Finance Dr. Tabrez Ahmad, http://technolexindia.blogspot.in
- 41. Which Style ShouldI Use? Harvard style for: Faculty of Engineering & Science Faculty of Science Faculty of Engineering & Green Technology Faculty of Information & Communication Technology Law Dr. Tabrez Ahmad, http://technolexindia.blogspot.in
- 42. What Is Turnitin? Turnitinis an Internet-based plagiarism- prevention service that checks the documents for content that is not original. The results can be used to: identify similarities to existing sources to help students learn how to avoid plagiarism and improve their writing Dr. Tabrez Ahmad, http://technolexindia.blogspot.in
- 43. What Is Turnitin? Morethan 3,500 higher education institutions use Turnitin, including 69 percent of the top 100 colleges and universities in the U.S. News and World Report Best Colleges list. UPES subscribes to Turnitin since 2010 Dr. Tabrez Ahmad, http://technolexindia.blogspot.in
- 44. How Turnitin Works? Seethe Original Work Turnitin preserves the original format of the paper allowing lecturers to view the student's original text, formatting, imagery and layout. Dr. Tabrez Ahmad, http://technolexindia.blogspot.in
- 45. How Turnitin Works? UnderstandWhat is Original and What Isn't Turnitin shows how much of the student's paper matches content from our databases so instructors can quickly understand how much of the paper is unoriginal. Dr. Tabrez Ahmad, http://technolexindia.blogspot.in
- 46. How Turnitin Works? ViewStudent's Sources Matched sources from the paper appear in an easy- to-understand format revealing color-coded sources corresponding to non-original work. Dr. Tabrez Ahmad, http://technolexindia.blogspot.in
- 47. How Turnitin Works? AccessVast Databases Turnitin contains 24+ billion web pages, 250+ million student papers and millions of articles. Dr. Tabrez Ahmad, http://technolexindia.blogspot.in
- 48. How Turnitin Works? ViewOne Comprehensive Report Lecturers can easily move between or overlay OriginalityCheck, GradeMark and PeerMark reports to gain a full understanding of the written work. Dr. Tabrez Ahmad, http://technolexindia.blogspot.in
- 49. Problem • According toone of the largest studies of plagiarism in the world, Donald McCabe found that almost 40% of students surveyed admitted to plagiarizing information from the Internet - and that percentage may be low because many students did not consider ‘borrowing’ from the Internet without attribution plagiarism
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- 51. Key Turnitin Metrics •Over 100 million student papers student papers submitted to Turnitin — projected to grow to nearly 300 million by the end of 2016 • 130,000-250,000 new student papers daily • Nearly 20,000,000 users worldwide • 6 major CMS integrations • 106 countries • Full support for 30+ languages
- 52. New Content —CrossRef • 20 million journal articles already! ACM, American Society of Neuroradiology, BMJ Publishing Group, Elsevier, IEEE, International Union of Crystallography, Nature Publishing Group, Oxford University Press, Sage, Informa UK (Taylor & Francis), Wiley Blackwell. • Publisher participation is growing quickly.
- 53. Copy of Internet Books,Journals, Newspapers (LexisNexis, Gale, Proquest, Factiva) Student Papers or Client Node Extract matching documents Manuscript or article submitted to iParadigms Computer transforms manuscript into a digital fingerprint (next slide) Finding a Needle in the Haystack: Searching the Entire Document
- 54. Finding A Needlein a Haystack We re-map the digital fingerprint of the manuscript or article into a high dimensional space and test for clustering
- 55. Matching passages from12+ billion Internet web pages: updated at a rate of million pages/day Matching passages from millions of Student Papers or Client Node Compare matching passages to original manuscript or article Matching passages from millions of Books, Journals, Newspapers Create Originality Report Entire process < 10 seconds Originality Report
- 56. WriteCycle: Beyond JustChecking Originality Future of Education is Increased Feedback and Efficiency in the Classroom 56
- 57. The Future: Digital Grading, PeerReview & Assessment Over Time
- 58. The role ofTurnitin/WriteCycle in the classroom
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- 60. How Turnitin Works? Formore information, you may visit turnitin.com Dr. Tabrez Ahmad, http://technolexindia.blogspot.in
- 61. Liability for Plagiarism •Civil Liability • Criminal Liability • Liability under Copyright Law Dr. Tabrez Ahmad, http://technolexindia.blogspot.in
- 62. Thank You foryour Attention Dr. Tabrez Ahmad, http://technolexindia.blogspot.in