This document summarizes the pinning ceremony for the 2010 graduates of the Associate Degree in Nursing (ADN) program and Practical Nursing (PN) program at Fortis College School of Nursing. It provides the names and hometowns of the 23 ADN graduates and 15 PN graduates, as well as short thank you messages, favorite quotes, memories and advice from each graduate. It concludes with a prayer for nurses.
This document provides the program for the Southern Maine Community College Midcoast Campus Nursing Pinning Ceremony for 2013. It includes the Nightingale Pledge, quotes about Florence Nightingale, photos and names of the graduating nursing students, and speeches from students expressing gratitude to friends and family for their support through nursing school.
PROGNOSTIC AND PREDICTIVE FACTORS FOR METASTATIC CARCINOMA BREASTDrAnkitaPatel
This document discusses various prognostic and predictive factors in breast cancer. It is divided into three categories:
Category I factors that are proven to be prognostically important and useful in clinical management, including tumor size, lymph node status, histological grade, and hormone receptor status.
Category II factors that are extensively studied biologically but require further validation, such as HER2 status, p53 mutation, and lymphovascular invasion.
Category III factors that are not sufficiently studied to demonstrate prognostic value, including tumor angiogenesis and EGFR. Various biomarkers and assays used to evaluate these factors are also described.
various cutaneous lymphomas though having low incidence but need to be diagnosed accurately. they can be mimiced by many non neoplastic conditions of skin. so discussing both T and B cell lymphomas
Three grades of tumours are recognized:
(1) pineocytoma, the most common of all pineal parenchymal tumors
(2) pineal parenchymal tumor of intermediate differentiation
(3) pineoblastoma, the rarest but most malignant parenchymal cell tumor
1. Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are increasing in incidence and are often metastatic at diagnosis. They originate from neuroendocrine cells and secrete hormones.
2. Somatostatin analogues are first-line treatment for symptomatic control in NETs but resistance can develop. Chemotherapy has limited efficacy except in high-grade tumors.
3. Emerging biomarkers and molecular targeted therapies such as inhibitors of angiogenesis are improving outcomes beyond traditional approaches.
The document discusses the management of the axilla in breast cancer from a radiation oncologist's perspective. It covers how to stage the axilla through physical exam, imaging, or biopsy. For clinically node-negative patients, sentinel lymph node biopsy is standard, while clinically positive nodes may require lymph node dissection. Ongoing trials are exploring omitting further axillary treatment for some patients with positive nodes after neoadjuvant therapy. The conclusion emphasizes that axilla management remains controversial but aims for individualized treatment based on tumor characteristics and response to therapy.
Molecular tests to detect human papillomavirusTariq Mohammed
This document discusses a study that tested cervical biopsy samples from 45 Saudi women for human papillomavirus (HPV) using the Hybrid Capture 2 technique. The samples came from women with cervical dysplasia or invasive cervical cancer. The study found HPV was present in 47.4% of samples overall, with higher rates in invasive cancer samples (61.9%) than cervical dysplasia samples (29.4%). HPV detection can help confirm that HPV contributes to cervical cancer in Saudi Arabia, though rates appear to be lower than other parts of the world. The study aims to better understand the HPV subtypes present in cervical abnormalities in the Saudi population.
Malignant melanoma arises from melanocytes and most commonly occurs on the skin. It ranges from early radial growth phase to advanced vertical growth phase and metastasis. Risk factors include sun exposure, fair skin, and family history. Diagnosis involves biopsy of suspicious lesions. Staging uses Breslow and Clark levels as well as TNM classification. Treatment depends on stage but commonly includes surgical resection with sentinel lymph node biopsy and adjuvant immunotherapy or chemotherapy for advanced cases. Prognosis depends on stage, with thin early lesions having good prognosis.
This document provides the program for the Southern Maine Community College Midcoast Campus Nursing Pinning Ceremony for 2013. It includes the Nightingale Pledge, quotes about Florence Nightingale, photos and names of the graduating nursing students, and speeches from students expressing gratitude to friends and family for their support through nursing school.
PROGNOSTIC AND PREDICTIVE FACTORS FOR METASTATIC CARCINOMA BREASTDrAnkitaPatel
This document discusses various prognostic and predictive factors in breast cancer. It is divided into three categories:
Category I factors that are proven to be prognostically important and useful in clinical management, including tumor size, lymph node status, histological grade, and hormone receptor status.
Category II factors that are extensively studied biologically but require further validation, such as HER2 status, p53 mutation, and lymphovascular invasion.
Category III factors that are not sufficiently studied to demonstrate prognostic value, including tumor angiogenesis and EGFR. Various biomarkers and assays used to evaluate these factors are also described.
various cutaneous lymphomas though having low incidence but need to be diagnosed accurately. they can be mimiced by many non neoplastic conditions of skin. so discussing both T and B cell lymphomas
Three grades of tumours are recognized:
(1) pineocytoma, the most common of all pineal parenchymal tumors
(2) pineal parenchymal tumor of intermediate differentiation
(3) pineoblastoma, the rarest but most malignant parenchymal cell tumor
1. Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are increasing in incidence and are often metastatic at diagnosis. They originate from neuroendocrine cells and secrete hormones.
2. Somatostatin analogues are first-line treatment for symptomatic control in NETs but resistance can develop. Chemotherapy has limited efficacy except in high-grade tumors.
3. Emerging biomarkers and molecular targeted therapies such as inhibitors of angiogenesis are improving outcomes beyond traditional approaches.
The document discusses the management of the axilla in breast cancer from a radiation oncologist's perspective. It covers how to stage the axilla through physical exam, imaging, or biopsy. For clinically node-negative patients, sentinel lymph node biopsy is standard, while clinically positive nodes may require lymph node dissection. Ongoing trials are exploring omitting further axillary treatment for some patients with positive nodes after neoadjuvant therapy. The conclusion emphasizes that axilla management remains controversial but aims for individualized treatment based on tumor characteristics and response to therapy.
Molecular tests to detect human papillomavirusTariq Mohammed
This document discusses a study that tested cervical biopsy samples from 45 Saudi women for human papillomavirus (HPV) using the Hybrid Capture 2 technique. The samples came from women with cervical dysplasia or invasive cervical cancer. The study found HPV was present in 47.4% of samples overall, with higher rates in invasive cancer samples (61.9%) than cervical dysplasia samples (29.4%). HPV detection can help confirm that HPV contributes to cervical cancer in Saudi Arabia, though rates appear to be lower than other parts of the world. The study aims to better understand the HPV subtypes present in cervical abnormalities in the Saudi population.
Malignant melanoma arises from melanocytes and most commonly occurs on the skin. It ranges from early radial growth phase to advanced vertical growth phase and metastasis. Risk factors include sun exposure, fair skin, and family history. Diagnosis involves biopsy of suspicious lesions. Staging uses Breslow and Clark levels as well as TNM classification. Treatment depends on stage but commonly includes surgical resection with sentinel lymph node biopsy and adjuvant immunotherapy or chemotherapy for advanced cases. Prognosis depends on stage, with thin early lesions having good prognosis.
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are cancer cells that shed from tumors and circulate through the bloodstream. The document discusses CTCs and various methods used to detect and isolate them. CTCs were first observed in 1869 and are found at very low frequencies (1-10 cells per ml of blood) in patients with metastatic cancer. Due to their rarity and heterogeneity, detecting and identifying CTCs is challenging. The document outlines several techniques used for CTC detection and isolation, including the CellSearch method, nano-particle adherence methods, and microfluidic chips. Emerging microfluidic technologies are improving CTC yields and characterization, with the goal of using CTCs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets
The document discusses treatment options for relapsed ovarian cancer, noting that combination chemotherapy with paclitaxel plus platinum shows improved response rates and progression-free survival over platinum alone based on the ICON4 trial. Secondary cytoreduction surgery may provide a benefit for highly selected patients with isolated recurrence and long treatment-free interval. Emerging anti-angiogenic therapies targeting VEGF/VEGFR pathways such as bevacizumab are also being investigated in relapsed ovarian cancer.
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have potential clinical applications as biomarkers in colorectal cancer. Studies have found CTCs correlate with disease stage but not other clinical factors. Detecting CTCs before and during treatment can independently predict progression-free and overall survival. While CTC detection provides prognostic information, methodology challenges remain around isolating, quantifying, and characterizing CTCs reproducibly. Further research could help validate CTCs against standard biomarkers and guide personalized therapy.
The document discusses several AIDS-defining and non-AIDS defining cancers that are more common in HIV-positive individuals. Kaposi sarcoma, caused by HHV-8, and two types of non-Hodgkin lymphoma were originally considered AIDS-defining cancers. While antiretroviral therapy has decreased AIDS deaths and increased the population of HIV-infected individuals, it has also led to an increase in both AIDS-defining and non-AIDS defining cancers due to people living longer with HIV. The document provides details on the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of several AIDS-defining cancers including Kaposi sarcoma, multicentric Castleman's disease, and plasmablastic lymphoma.
Recent updates and reporting of testicular tumors Dr.Argha BaruahArgha Baruah
1) The document discusses recent updates to the classification and reporting of testicular tumors, including changes to the WHO 2016 classification and TNM staging system.
2) Key pathological findings to report include the presence of GCNIS, serum tumor markers, invasion of rete testis, hilar soft tissue, tunica vaginalis, epididymis, and lymphovascular invasion.
3) Adequate sampling from areas of possible extratesticular extension is important for accurate pathological assessment and staging of testicular tumors.
The document discusses Ki-67, a protein marker used to measure tumor cell proliferation in breast cancer. It describes how to count Ki-67 immunoreactive cells, including counting only tumor cells and expressing the result as a percentage. Standardizing Ki-67 assessment procedures and scoring could improve reproducibility. Ki-67 is a useful prognostic marker in breast cancer, especially when combined with other clinical pathology factors.
Update on Management of Triple Negative Breast Cancerspa718
This document provides an update on the management of triple negative breast cancer from Dr. Banu Arun at MD Anderson Cancer Center. It discusses that triple negative breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease comprised of several molecular subtypes with different characteristics and potential treatment targets. Clinical trials exploring chemotherapy regimens, platinum agents, PARP inhibitors, anti-angiogenic drugs, and immunotherapies are summarized. Ongoing research aims to better define the subtypes in order to personalize treatment for triple negative breast cancer patients.
The document summarizes management of small cell carcinoma of the lung. It discusses the classification, epidemiology, clinical features, investigations, staging, prognostic factors, and management including the role of radiation therapy and chemotherapy for both limited and extensive stage disease.
The document discusses various techniques for preparing cell blocks (CBs) from cytology specimens such as effusions, fine needle aspirations, and scrapings. Traditional methods involved using a celloidin or agar embedding medium but newer automated techniques using filters and cassettes provide higher cellularity. CBs allow morphological examination and ancillary studies to improve diagnostic accuracy compared to smears alone. While useful, CBs require more material and time than smears and may lack sufficient cells for all tests.
This document discusses skin cancer, specifically melanoma. It notes that melanoma accounts for 1-5% of skin cancers but causes the majority of skin cancer deaths. Risk factors include family history, sun exposure, skin sensitivity, and immunosuppression. The main types of melanoma are superficial spreading, nodular, lentigo maligna, and acral lentiginous. Diagnosis involves examining lesions for characteristics like asymmetry, irregular border, multiple colors, diameter over 6mm, and changes over time. Treatment depends on cancer stage and may include surgery, radiation, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination.
This document provides an overview of intestinal polyps. It begins with an introduction and relevant anatomy. Polyps are then classified based on size, attachment, and cellular architecture. Both non-neoplastic and neoplastic polyps are discussed. Non-neoplastic polyps include hyperplastic, juvenile, Peutz-Jeghers, inflammatory, Cronkhite-Canada, and Cowden polyps. Neoplastic polyps include adenomatous and syndromic polyps associated with Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP) and Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colon Cancer (HNPCC). The pathogenesis and molecular biology of adenomatous polyps is also reviewed. Management strategies
Prognostic factors in carcinoma breast pptSwati Wadhai
Carcinoma of the breast is the most common malignancy and leading cause of death in women. Several prognostic factors are used to determine the severity and risk of recurrence of breast cancer, including patient age, tumor size and characteristics, lymph node involvement, histologic grade, and biomarkers like hormone receptor status. Combining these factors can provide prognostic groups that help guide treatment decisions. The sentinel lymph node biopsy procedure also helps predict the involvement of other lymph nodes and prognosis.
This document discusses tissue microarrays (TMAs), which allow analysis of hundreds of tissue samples on a single slide. It describes how TMAs are constructed by taking small tissue cores from donor blocks and embedding them in a recipient block. The advantages of TMAs include high throughput analysis and relatively low cost. Various types of TMAs are used for applications like immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, and analyzing protein/DNA expression. The document outlines the steps to construct a TMA, including defining the research question, selecting cases, determining core size and number, making a map, and embedding the cores. Quality controls and limitations are also discussed.
This document discusses soft tissue sarcomas (STS), including:
- Incidence rates in the US and Egypt. Radiation therapy is a risk factor.
- Common primary and metastatic sites vary by tumor type.
- STS originate from mesenchymal cells and include many subtypes.
- Diagnosis involves biopsy, imaging, and genetic testing to identify specific mutations in certain sarcoma subtypes.
- Treatment depends on grade and stage but commonly involves surgery with or without chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy. Outcomes vary significantly by histology, grade, and other factors.
Tumour and tumour like lesions of spleenAshwini Gowda
This document summarizes various tumors and tumor-like lesions that can occur in the spleen. It begins by covering the anatomy and histology of the spleen, then discusses classifications of splenic tumors. Several specific hematolymphoid tumors are described in detail, including lymphomas, leukemias, and myeloproliferative disorders. Other sections cover vascular tumors, other rare primary tumors, metastatic tumors to the spleen, and tumor-like conditions.
The document discusses the development and benefits of the Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology. It aims to standardize terminology for salivary gland FNA reports which previously lacked uniformity. The system categorizes specimens as non-diagnostic, non-neoplastic, atypia of undetermined significance, neoplastic (benign or uncertain malignant potential), suspicious for malignancy, or malignant. It is intended to improve communication between pathologists and clinicians, enhance patient care, and facilitate research by allowing standardized data collection across institutions. While validation is ongoing, the system provides a practical framework for uniform reporting of salivary gland cytology.
CSF:
Derived through ultrafilteration and secretion through choroid plexus, produced at the rate of 500 ml/day.
Provides physical support, collects wastes, circulates nutrients and lubricates the CNS.
Normal CSF volumes:
In Adults: 90 - 150 ml
In Neonates: 10 - 60 ml
Total CSF volume is replaced every 5-7 hours.
COLLECTION
Lumbar puncture, Cisternal puncture, Lateral cervical puncture, Shunts and cannulas
Opening pressure – 90-180 mm H2O
Approximately 15-20 cc fluid collected
LAB
REQUIRED
Opening CSF pressure
Total cell count
Differential cell count
Glucose
Total protein
OPTIONAL
Cultures, Gram stain, AFB, Fungal and bacterial
antigens, Enzymes, PCR, Cytology, Electrophoresis,
VDRL, D-Dimers
This document provides an overview of mast cells, mast cell activation disorders, and mastocytosis. It discusses the development, mediators, and receptors of mast cells. It also covers the epidemiology, pathogenesis, classification, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of mast cell activation disorders and mastocytosis. Key points include that mast cells develop from bone marrow stem cells and require stem cell factor for survival, and that mastocytosis is rare and commonly involves the skin and gastrointestinal system.
This document provides information on pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). It discusses that NETs arise from cells that produce and secrete hormones. The pancreas is a common site of origin for NETs. NETs are typically slow growing but can metastasize. Classification systems take into account factors like origin, characteristics, behavior, grade, and stage. The WHO classification defines NETs based on differentiation, metastases, Ki-67 index, invasion and other criteria. Pancreatic NETs (pNETs) are rare but increasing in incidence. pNETs may or may not cause symptoms through hormone secretion. Common pNET types include insulinomas, gastrinomas, and non-functional tumors. Nonspecific
The document lists the names of nursing students who participated in a pinning ceremony for graduating from a nursing program in 2009. It includes 14 names in total. The ceremony celebrated the completion of the nursing program and entry into the nursing profession for these 14 students.
Sierra has dreamed of working with babies and helping children since she was a little girl playing with dolls. She overcame challenges and recovered from personal trials to graduate high school with scholarships and pursue her passion of helping kids through college, camp counseling, and nursing school. Her family is proud of Sierra for achieving her goal of becoming a registered nurse and know she will continue doing great things in the future.
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are cancer cells that shed from tumors and circulate through the bloodstream. The document discusses CTCs and various methods used to detect and isolate them. CTCs were first observed in 1869 and are found at very low frequencies (1-10 cells per ml of blood) in patients with metastatic cancer. Due to their rarity and heterogeneity, detecting and identifying CTCs is challenging. The document outlines several techniques used for CTC detection and isolation, including the CellSearch method, nano-particle adherence methods, and microfluidic chips. Emerging microfluidic technologies are improving CTC yields and characterization, with the goal of using CTCs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets
The document discusses treatment options for relapsed ovarian cancer, noting that combination chemotherapy with paclitaxel plus platinum shows improved response rates and progression-free survival over platinum alone based on the ICON4 trial. Secondary cytoreduction surgery may provide a benefit for highly selected patients with isolated recurrence and long treatment-free interval. Emerging anti-angiogenic therapies targeting VEGF/VEGFR pathways such as bevacizumab are also being investigated in relapsed ovarian cancer.
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have potential clinical applications as biomarkers in colorectal cancer. Studies have found CTCs correlate with disease stage but not other clinical factors. Detecting CTCs before and during treatment can independently predict progression-free and overall survival. While CTC detection provides prognostic information, methodology challenges remain around isolating, quantifying, and characterizing CTCs reproducibly. Further research could help validate CTCs against standard biomarkers and guide personalized therapy.
The document discusses several AIDS-defining and non-AIDS defining cancers that are more common in HIV-positive individuals. Kaposi sarcoma, caused by HHV-8, and two types of non-Hodgkin lymphoma were originally considered AIDS-defining cancers. While antiretroviral therapy has decreased AIDS deaths and increased the population of HIV-infected individuals, it has also led to an increase in both AIDS-defining and non-AIDS defining cancers due to people living longer with HIV. The document provides details on the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of several AIDS-defining cancers including Kaposi sarcoma, multicentric Castleman's disease, and plasmablastic lymphoma.
Recent updates and reporting of testicular tumors Dr.Argha BaruahArgha Baruah
1) The document discusses recent updates to the classification and reporting of testicular tumors, including changes to the WHO 2016 classification and TNM staging system.
2) Key pathological findings to report include the presence of GCNIS, serum tumor markers, invasion of rete testis, hilar soft tissue, tunica vaginalis, epididymis, and lymphovascular invasion.
3) Adequate sampling from areas of possible extratesticular extension is important for accurate pathological assessment and staging of testicular tumors.
The document discusses Ki-67, a protein marker used to measure tumor cell proliferation in breast cancer. It describes how to count Ki-67 immunoreactive cells, including counting only tumor cells and expressing the result as a percentage. Standardizing Ki-67 assessment procedures and scoring could improve reproducibility. Ki-67 is a useful prognostic marker in breast cancer, especially when combined with other clinical pathology factors.
Update on Management of Triple Negative Breast Cancerspa718
This document provides an update on the management of triple negative breast cancer from Dr. Banu Arun at MD Anderson Cancer Center. It discusses that triple negative breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease comprised of several molecular subtypes with different characteristics and potential treatment targets. Clinical trials exploring chemotherapy regimens, platinum agents, PARP inhibitors, anti-angiogenic drugs, and immunotherapies are summarized. Ongoing research aims to better define the subtypes in order to personalize treatment for triple negative breast cancer patients.
The document summarizes management of small cell carcinoma of the lung. It discusses the classification, epidemiology, clinical features, investigations, staging, prognostic factors, and management including the role of radiation therapy and chemotherapy for both limited and extensive stage disease.
The document discusses various techniques for preparing cell blocks (CBs) from cytology specimens such as effusions, fine needle aspirations, and scrapings. Traditional methods involved using a celloidin or agar embedding medium but newer automated techniques using filters and cassettes provide higher cellularity. CBs allow morphological examination and ancillary studies to improve diagnostic accuracy compared to smears alone. While useful, CBs require more material and time than smears and may lack sufficient cells for all tests.
This document discusses skin cancer, specifically melanoma. It notes that melanoma accounts for 1-5% of skin cancers but causes the majority of skin cancer deaths. Risk factors include family history, sun exposure, skin sensitivity, and immunosuppression. The main types of melanoma are superficial spreading, nodular, lentigo maligna, and acral lentiginous. Diagnosis involves examining lesions for characteristics like asymmetry, irregular border, multiple colors, diameter over 6mm, and changes over time. Treatment depends on cancer stage and may include surgery, radiation, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination.
This document provides an overview of intestinal polyps. It begins with an introduction and relevant anatomy. Polyps are then classified based on size, attachment, and cellular architecture. Both non-neoplastic and neoplastic polyps are discussed. Non-neoplastic polyps include hyperplastic, juvenile, Peutz-Jeghers, inflammatory, Cronkhite-Canada, and Cowden polyps. Neoplastic polyps include adenomatous and syndromic polyps associated with Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP) and Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colon Cancer (HNPCC). The pathogenesis and molecular biology of adenomatous polyps is also reviewed. Management strategies
Prognostic factors in carcinoma breast pptSwati Wadhai
Carcinoma of the breast is the most common malignancy and leading cause of death in women. Several prognostic factors are used to determine the severity and risk of recurrence of breast cancer, including patient age, tumor size and characteristics, lymph node involvement, histologic grade, and biomarkers like hormone receptor status. Combining these factors can provide prognostic groups that help guide treatment decisions. The sentinel lymph node biopsy procedure also helps predict the involvement of other lymph nodes and prognosis.
This document discusses tissue microarrays (TMAs), which allow analysis of hundreds of tissue samples on a single slide. It describes how TMAs are constructed by taking small tissue cores from donor blocks and embedding them in a recipient block. The advantages of TMAs include high throughput analysis and relatively low cost. Various types of TMAs are used for applications like immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, and analyzing protein/DNA expression. The document outlines the steps to construct a TMA, including defining the research question, selecting cases, determining core size and number, making a map, and embedding the cores. Quality controls and limitations are also discussed.
This document discusses soft tissue sarcomas (STS), including:
- Incidence rates in the US and Egypt. Radiation therapy is a risk factor.
- Common primary and metastatic sites vary by tumor type.
- STS originate from mesenchymal cells and include many subtypes.
- Diagnosis involves biopsy, imaging, and genetic testing to identify specific mutations in certain sarcoma subtypes.
- Treatment depends on grade and stage but commonly involves surgery with or without chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy. Outcomes vary significantly by histology, grade, and other factors.
Tumour and tumour like lesions of spleenAshwini Gowda
This document summarizes various tumors and tumor-like lesions that can occur in the spleen. It begins by covering the anatomy and histology of the spleen, then discusses classifications of splenic tumors. Several specific hematolymphoid tumors are described in detail, including lymphomas, leukemias, and myeloproliferative disorders. Other sections cover vascular tumors, other rare primary tumors, metastatic tumors to the spleen, and tumor-like conditions.
The document discusses the development and benefits of the Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology. It aims to standardize terminology for salivary gland FNA reports which previously lacked uniformity. The system categorizes specimens as non-diagnostic, non-neoplastic, atypia of undetermined significance, neoplastic (benign or uncertain malignant potential), suspicious for malignancy, or malignant. It is intended to improve communication between pathologists and clinicians, enhance patient care, and facilitate research by allowing standardized data collection across institutions. While validation is ongoing, the system provides a practical framework for uniform reporting of salivary gland cytology.
CSF:
Derived through ultrafilteration and secretion through choroid plexus, produced at the rate of 500 ml/day.
Provides physical support, collects wastes, circulates nutrients and lubricates the CNS.
Normal CSF volumes:
In Adults: 90 - 150 ml
In Neonates: 10 - 60 ml
Total CSF volume is replaced every 5-7 hours.
COLLECTION
Lumbar puncture, Cisternal puncture, Lateral cervical puncture, Shunts and cannulas
Opening pressure – 90-180 mm H2O
Approximately 15-20 cc fluid collected
LAB
REQUIRED
Opening CSF pressure
Total cell count
Differential cell count
Glucose
Total protein
OPTIONAL
Cultures, Gram stain, AFB, Fungal and bacterial
antigens, Enzymes, PCR, Cytology, Electrophoresis,
VDRL, D-Dimers
This document provides an overview of mast cells, mast cell activation disorders, and mastocytosis. It discusses the development, mediators, and receptors of mast cells. It also covers the epidemiology, pathogenesis, classification, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of mast cell activation disorders and mastocytosis. Key points include that mast cells develop from bone marrow stem cells and require stem cell factor for survival, and that mastocytosis is rare and commonly involves the skin and gastrointestinal system.
This document provides information on pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). It discusses that NETs arise from cells that produce and secrete hormones. The pancreas is a common site of origin for NETs. NETs are typically slow growing but can metastasize. Classification systems take into account factors like origin, characteristics, behavior, grade, and stage. The WHO classification defines NETs based on differentiation, metastases, Ki-67 index, invasion and other criteria. Pancreatic NETs (pNETs) are rare but increasing in incidence. pNETs may or may not cause symptoms through hormone secretion. Common pNET types include insulinomas, gastrinomas, and non-functional tumors. Nonspecific
The document lists the names of nursing students who participated in a pinning ceremony for graduating from a nursing program in 2009. It includes 14 names in total. The ceremony celebrated the completion of the nursing program and entry into the nursing profession for these 14 students.
Sierra has dreamed of working with babies and helping children since she was a little girl playing with dolls. She overcame challenges and recovered from personal trials to graduate high school with scholarships and pursue her passion of helping kids through college, camp counseling, and nursing school. Her family is proud of Sierra for achieving her goal of becoming a registered nurse and know she will continue doing great things in the future.
The document discusses the criteria for defining a profession and analyzes nursing according to these criteria. It outlines 10 key criteria for a profession, including a specialized body of knowledge, autonomy, public service, and licensure/competency requirements. While nursing meets many criteria as an intellectual and responsible occupation, it still struggles with other factors like independence, political power, and professional identity/development. The document analyzes nursing according to different models of what defines a profession, finding it meets some criteria but not others like power and influence.
The document contains a pledge that a professional takes to practice their job faithfully and ethically. It includes promises to act with purity, abstain from harmful behaviors, keep patient matters private, help other professionals, and devote themselves to patient care.
This document lists the names of 20 people, including Jay Ward who is listed twice. It does not provide any other context around these individuals or why their names are included.
This document provides a welcome speech given by Mary, an assistant lecturer. She welcomes the chief guest, founder and chairman of the Ebenezer Educational Charitable Trust, wife of the founder, guest of honor, police inspector, former principal, bank CEOs, pastor, directors, principals, vice principal, staff, students and parents to the lamp lighting and graduation day celebration. She thanks each person or group for their attendance and contributions.
The document provides the welcome speech and introduction for an annual school function. It acknowledges guests and announces that there will be a lamp lighting ceremony conducted as a tribute to Saraswati, the goddess of knowledge. It then provides details about Saraswati and her significance. The document outlines the various performances and events that will take place, including dances, plays, and a yoga demonstration. It closes by referencing the school anthem.
1) The document summarizes the Merit Day ceremony of Mar Bselios Christian College of Engineering & Technology (MBC). Various dignitaries and top ranking students of MBC were honored and awarded.
2) A seminar on the 'Challenges of Technical Education in Kerala' was presented. The keynote address highlighted issues like unemployment among educated graduates and increasing demand for general higher education institutions.
3) Top ranking students from various departments who secured first class with distinction were awarded. The director and principal of MBC delivered messages congratulating the students. The ceremony concluded with a vote of thanks.
1. Nursing is gaining recognition as a profession based on established criteria including a well-defined body of knowledge, strong service orientation, recognized authority, code of ethics, professional standards and ongoing research.
2. The document discusses the history and development of nursing as a profession according to Flexner's (1916) and other scholars' criteria for what constitutes a profession.
3. Key aspects that demonstrate nursing's professionalization include its application of specialized knowledge to vital human services, function with autonomy in professional policy and control, and ability to attract dedicated practitioners committed to service over personal gain.
KSU Nursing Class of Summer 2014 Pinning Slideshowlindsbsutton
This document contains messages of gratitude from nursing school graduates in the Summer 2014 class. The graduates thank family members for their love and support throughout nursing school. They thank parents, spouses, children and siblings for encouraging them and helping them through challenging times. The graduates also thank their friends in the nursing program for making the experience more bearable and for becoming like a second family. They express pride in completing the program and graduating with their class.
The valedictorian begins by expressing gratitude to those who supported them. They recall being told their dreams of academic success were impossible due to challenges like poverty, but were inspired by their mother to work hard. Through diligent study at home and school, they achieved the highest honors, completing high school at the top of their class. While nervous, excited, happy and sad to leave behind school memories, they encourage their classmates to face future hardships together and view graduation as the beginning of their voyage through life. They thank teachers and family for their support and sacrifices, which helped them prove doubters wrong by realizing their dreams through perseverance.
This document contains excerpts from several graduation speeches or letters from students in the University of Wisconsin-Madison's Elementary Education program. The students express gratitude to friends, family, professors and cohorts who supported them. They reflect on memorable experiences and lessons learned during their time in the program that will influence them as educators. Many highlight the importance of their close-knit cohort in making their university experience more personal and helping them develop as teachers.
Vanessa expresses gratitude to her family for their love and support throughout nursing school. She thanks her friend Cassandra for always being there for her and could not have done it without her. She also thanks her classmates for helping balance the stress of studying with fun. Finally, she congratulates the 2011 nursing graduates and says she will miss them all.
The document contains thank you messages from multiple recent nursing school graduates thanking friends, family, classmates, and instructors for their support throughout nursing school. Many express gratitude to spouses, parents, children and other family for emotional and financial support, encouragement, and helping to take care of daily responsibilities. Others thank classmates for encouragement, study groups, and developing lifelong friendships. The graduates feel proud and grateful to be starting their careers as nurses.
Education in a hip hop nation- our identity politics & pedagogyJonathan Dunnemann
This study explores how Hip-Hop culture impacts educators' identity, politics, and personal pedagogy. It seeks to create a new model of Social Justice Hip-Hop Pedagogy based on interviews with 23 influential Hip-Hop educators from diverse backgrounds. While Hip-Hop is currently being used in K-16 contexts as pedagogy, there is limited theoretical framework supporting its use for social justice. The study examines Hip-Hop's Afro-Diasporic origins and activist roots, and how it shapes the identity and pedagogy of educators belonging to the Hip-Hop generation. It aims to develop a foundation and practical tenets for negotiating and implementing Social Justice Hip-Hop Pedagogy.
Joan Boyer is retiring after 41 years working for the Ida Public Schools. She has had a significant positive impact on both students and staff during her career, bringing technology to the district, expanding reading programs, and implementing teacher-led school improvement plans. Many people wrote letters thanking her for her leadership, kindness, passion for education, contagious optimism, and dedication to helping both students and teachers succeed. They wish her all the best in her retirement.
This document provides an autobiographical sketch of Clenshia Spencer. It includes details about her physical description, personality, hobbies, family, past experiences, goals for the future, favorite school subjects, friends, and books. Her hobbies include singing, dancing, modeling, doing hair, and double dates. She hopes to become a pediatrician to help sick children.
This document provides an autobiographical sketch of Clenshia Spencer. It includes details about her physical description, personality, hobbies, family, past experiences, goals for the future, favorite school subjects, friends, and books. Her hobbies include singing, dancing, modeling, doing hair, and double dates. She hopes to become a pediatrician to help sick children.
This document provides an autobiographical sketch of Clenshia Spencer. It includes details about her physical description, personality, hobbies, family, past experiences, goals for the future, favorite school subjects, friends, and books. Her hobbies include singing, dancing, modeling, doing hair, and double dates. She hopes to become a pediatrician to help sick children.
This document appears to be a scrapbook or memory book created by Maria for her senior year of high school. It contains messages of support and friendship from classmates and well-wishes for her future. It also lists her various honors, activities, leadership roles, and travel experiences during high school. The document serves to memorialize Maria's high school years and relationships.
This document provides details about Linda Lopez's life. It describes that she was born in Ecuador and raised in a loving family. She moved cities as a child which was an adjustment at first. Linda studied at several schools growing up and received support from her parents to continue her education. After graduating, she worked for her parents' company to gain experience before pursuing a university degree in tourism and hospitality. Overall, Linda is thankful for the life and values she has been given.
CASA of Oklahoma County provides advocates for children in foster care. In fiscal year 2018, they served 675 children with 239 volunteers. Their goals are to grow advocacy services to serve 1500 children in foster care in Oklahoma County by 2021. They conducted an organizational audit in 2018 and have focused on board development, fundraising, culture, and community awareness. The letter thanks donors for their support in 2018 and outlines future growth goals to serve more children.
The document contains messages and stories from recent graduates of the University of Wisconsin School of Education sharing their positive experiences and memories from their time in the program. Several graduates thank specific professors, advisers, classmates, and learning communities for providing invaluable guidance, support, and for helping them become the educators they are today. They express appreciation for the meaningful experiences, skills gained, and impactful relationships that will influence their teaching careers.
The document is a letter from Taylor Dyches to judges on a senior project committee. It provides background on Taylor's life experiences, including growing up with divorced parents and being bullied. Taylor describes overcoming obstacles and developing a strong work ethic. Hobbies include listening to music, reading, knitting, baking, and spending time with friends. Taylor's career goal is to become an elementary school teacher and plans to attend community college then transfer to Appalachian State University to complete a teaching degree. The senior project has helped Taylor improve time management and public speaking skills.
The newsletter provides updates on Burke Catholic High School alumni. It highlights alumni accomplishments and milestones. It also promotes upcoming alumni events, including a gala to honor the newest inductees to the Burke Catholic Hall of Fame and an alumni BBQ. Additionally, it provides information on supporting current Burke Catholic students through donations and internship opportunities.
This document contains chat messages from participants attending an online webinar. People introduce themselves and where they are from, including locations all over the world. They discuss the weather and snow conditions in their areas. Participants also share what subject and grade levels they teach, ranging from K-12. Some discuss being fans of the TV show Downton Abbey.
There are more than 75 spirited and talented OWLs who will serve as your personal hosts and share their experiences, tips and strategies for success. OWLs range from sophomores to seniors and cover nearly every major offered at BU. They live on and off-campus and are each involved in an average of at least three other student organizations on campus. http://bloomu.edu/owls
The document is a thank you letter from a graduate thanking their family and friends for supporting them through nursing school. They thank their husband, children, parents, cohort members, best friend, and others for their love, support, encouragement, and sacrifices which helped them complete the program."
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18. Allyson Buskirk Hometown: Stow, OH Type of Nursing: Registered- finally!!! Thank You’s: To Mom & Dad- I could not have done this without your constant love and support-You have set the examples that guide my life everyday-I love you both so much To Michael– You are my most awesome cheerleader-I am so lucky to have crossed your path, I Love You. Annon-I hope I have set a good example for you. Benny-Mommy loves you-Thank You for understanding Favorite quote: “That which does not kill you makes you stronger” Favorite school memory: Tammy and the birdhouse sweatshirt and the cricket! Favorite school friendship: All you girls who made me laugh until I cried. Advice to future students: Have a positive attiitude and be a positive role model always!
19. DanicaDePaolo Hometown: Brunswick, Ohio Type of Nursing: (Registered) Nurse Thank You’s: Mama- you are my rock- I couldn’t have done it without you- I love you! Favorite school memory: Tammy and the bird shirt at psych clinicals Favorite Quote: “Be the change you wish to see in the world”- Gandhi Favorite school friendship: Tammy Steckel and a number of others Advice to future students: You can achieve anything if you want it bad enough.
20. Sonja Flynn Hometown: Norton, Ohio Type of Nursing: Registered Nursing Thank You’s: Thank you mom, for your inspiration. Favorite quote: “Trust in the Lord with all your heart and in all your ways acknowledge him and He will direct your path.”-Proverbs 3:5-6 Favorite school memory: ICU/CCU clinicals Favorite school friendship: Michelle Stover & Priscilla Parker Advice to future student: It will be…okay!
21. CarmelliaHagedorn Hometown: Akron Thank You’s: I thank God for his blessings and my family for all their help and understanding. I Love you all! Favorite quote: From Psych- “Think, Feel, do!” Favorite school memory: Dr. Viola tossing oranges out to students Advice to future students: Hang in there, you really make it through!
22. Gail James Hometown: Canton, Ohio Type of Nursing: Registered Nurse Thank You’s: Thank you Leo, Ed, Mom, Bonnie & Ed, Dad, Shallyn, Tobey, Collette, Papa & Grammy & Aunt Terrie for all of the love and support you have given me these past 15 months. Not only did I do this for myself…I did this for you! Jill-wouldn’t have been able to do it without you by my side! Favorite quote: “Yes, we can!”-BarackObama Favorite school memory: Gnomes, the Swan, and Today! Favorite school friendship: Jill Advice to future students: Study hard & be flexible!
23. Shannon Moore Hometown: Kent/Ravenna, Ohio Type of Nursing: Registered Nursing Thank You’s: To my family and friends for being supportive Favorite quote: “Failure is not an option” Advice to future students: Good Luck!
24. Jill Porter Hometown: Suffield, Ohio Type of Nursing: Medical/Surgical Thank You’s: To my boys for being so understanding when I had to miss all of your games and activities. To my husband Wayne, for all your support. To my Mom and Mark for making sure Kevin and Ryan got everywhere they needed to be and had everything they needed when they got there. Thanks to all my family! To my friends Kristen, Gail, and Lori for always being there for me Favorite quote: “Be kind, for everyone you meet is fighting a hard battle”- Plato Favorite School Memory: Drawing Dr. Dul’s blood in Microbiology Favorite school friendship: Gail, I couldn’t have made it without you!
25. Marchella Starks Hometown: Lordstown, Ohio Thank You’s: I would like to thank my husband, my children, and my family for believing in me and supporting me through this stressful time. Favorite quote: “Sounds like a plan” Advice to future students: Believe in yourself
26. Tammy Steckel Hometown: Streetsboro Type of Nursing: Registered Nurse Thank You’s: Mom, Dad, and Natalya from the bottom of my heart. Thanks for all your love and support and prayers! I couldn’t have done it without you! Favorite quote: “It was the best of times, it was the worst of times!”-Charles Dickens Favorite school memory: The last day of School!!!!! Favorite school friendship:DanicaDePaolo Advice to Future Students: Never give up!
27. Lacey Stoops Hometown: Hubbard, Ohio Type of Nursing: OB Thank You’s: Words cannot describe how thankful I am for my family who supported me through the rough road. I thank you all for the sacrifices you rendered to help me to accomplish my dreams. Favorite school friendship: Melissa Welker Advice to future students:Never stop dreaming, Believe in yourself!
28. Michelle Stover Hometown: Akron, Ohio Thank You’s: To my family and friends for their support, especially my husband without him, I would not be here today. Favorite Quote: “All of our dreams can come true, if we have the courage to pursue them”-Walt Disney Favorite school friendships: Sonja Flynn, Priscilla Parker, and Shannon Moore Advice to future students: It will happen
29. Melissa Welker Hometown: Diamond, Ohio Type of Nursing: OB Thank You’s: To my family: This has been a long challenging journey for all of us. I just want you all to know that I appreciate each and everyone of you and all the sacrifices you have made so I could be where I am today! Thank you and I LOVE YOU! Favorite quote: “Sounds like a plan”-Mrs. Cox Favorite school friendship: Lacey Advice to future students: Hang in there. It may seem like you won’t reach your goal, but you will! Good Luck!
54. Dashah Adams Hometown: Cleveland, Ohio Type of Nursing: OB Thank You’s: My family for support. Carrie Wissmar, Mrs. Gamblin, Mr. Villwock, and special thanks to my Mom. I love you so much. Thanks for everything and my son , I love you I did it Baby! Favorite school friendships: Mary H., Maia T, Del B, Ali B, Megan and the rest! Advice to future students: Just study in the time you can.
55. Del Bolger Hometown: Akron, Ohio Thank You’s: My beautiful fiancé Kim for standing by me through all this. I love you Honey Bunny! Mrs. Wissmar, Mrs. Sombrio, Mrs. Weible, Mrs. Gamblin, Mrs. Harp, Mr. Villwock, Mrs. Barkley, Mrs. Lee, Mr. Rogers, Mrs. Mansour, Mrs. Bachus, Mrs. Valenti, and Ms. Finney Favorite School Memory: Watching Megan’s actual “NG” tube insertion on herself and gagging. Favorite Quote: My favorite heavy metal band “Black Stool” Favorite School Friendship: Megan, Dave, Maia, Annette, Dawn, Dashah, Stacey, Christine, Eric, Crystal, Becky, Ashley, Mary, Laura, Ali Advice to future students: Make lots of flashcards, Don’t have a personal life
56. Alison Bradley Hometown: Middleburgh Hts, OH Thank You’s: Thank you to my Husband Dave Bradley and My Son Sean Bradley. My Family Karen Simms, Laoma Drushal, John & Rose Bradley, Jen and Ken Marchinko, and Eddie Makarek. I would also like to say a special thank you to Carrie Wissmar who is a great mentor of mine. Favorite Quote: “Sputnum” Favorite school memory: It’s OVER!!!! Favorite school friendship: Dashah Adams & Del Bolger Advice to future students: Breath! It will be over soon.
57. Crystal Case Hometown: Ravenna, OH Type of Nursing: Trauma Thank You’s: My husband, Justin, and children, Nate and Maddison for all their support. My Mom and brother Jerry for always babysitting while I had clinicals. Favorite Quote: “I’m not a chemist” Favorite School memory: To many to list Favorite school friendship: Becky, Ashley, and Mary Advice to future students: Study, and then study even more.
58. Ashley Childers Hometown: Silver Lake, Ohio Type of Nursing: Oncology PEDS Thank You’s: My Mother Jill and father Rick for being 100% supportive and Rosie for telling me every night it’s almost over and you will pass your test tomorrow! Favorite school memory: Graduating Favorite school friendship: Crystal, Becky, and Mary Advice to future students: Keep your head up it will be over before you know it.
59. Megan Elting Hometown: Kent, Ohio Thank You’s: My wonderful and supportive parents, my brother and sister, My Aunts Margie and Marilyn for inspiring me to become a nurse. My Grandmothers for making me a strong woman. My friends from class and all of the wonderful and supportive instructors. Favorite Quote: “I am not a chemist” Favorite school memory: Right now! Favorite school friendships: Del and Stacy Advice to future students: Stay stong, it will be over soon.
60. Rebecca Frankish Hometown: Northfield, Ohio Type of Nursing: OB Thank You’s: My husband Tim and children Mikaylah, Timmy, and Jack for your support and encouragement. My Mom and Dad and Sisters Missy, Jenny, and Kimmy for babysitting. Favorite quote: “ I’m not a chemist!” Favorite school memory: The wonderful friends I made here! Thank you for all your help and support! Love you! Favorite school friendship: Ashley and Crystal
61. Dave Hawkins Thank You’s: To my wife LeeAnn, my Father and Mother to all my wonderful instructors and the students who helped me grow. Favorite quote: Eric’s “Whatever” Favorite school memory: Passing the first term. Favorite school friendship: Del Advice to future students: Read and outline chapters
62. Mary Hudec Hometown: Akron, Ohio Type of Nursing: Psychiatric Thank You’s: My Mom, Daughter and Friends, FCR Putting up with me- and for their prayers!! My Dog, Vespucci, for not chewing up my books or destroying my computer; and to my many new friends. Favorite quote: All things are possible with God Favorite school memory: Graduation Day Favorite school friendship: Dashah, Crystal (my surrogate little sis) Ashley, Stacey, Becky, and all the students in our class) Advice to Future Students: Just take one day at a time.
63. Dawn Leidtke Hometown: Suffield, Ohio Type of Nursing: Licensed Practical Thank You’s: To my children Katrina, Jonathan and a special thank you to my new husband Paul for always supporting my goal. To my clinical group, Mary, Maia, Dashah, Christine, for all there supporting guidance. Favorite school memory: Passing HESI exit exam Favorite school friendships: My clinical group Advice to future students: Take it one day at a time, you can do anything you set your mind on.
64. Anastasia Parker Hometown: Sandusky, MI Type of Nursing: Interest in Critical Care Thank You’s: My husband James for being my rock through the tough 15 months of school and being my second biggest fan. Dear friend Laura for her moral support and help. My family for their love and support, especially my mother-in-law for all her trips from MI to babysit. I love you all very much Favorite quote: Seize the day, or die regretting the time you lost. Favorite school memory: The End! Favorite school friendship: Laura and Megan Advice to future students: Study hard and make this experience a priority in your life. It really does go by fast!
65. Christine Rios Hometown: Cuyahoga Falls, OH Type of Nursing: Pediatrics, Cardiology, Psych, Urology Thank You’s: A HUGE thank you to my boys, Nick, and Mario! Thank you for your support and being the kindest boys ever! You two are amazing! Thank you Kristen Gayle and family for all your help and positive, kind words! Mom- Thanks for always encouraging me to finish. Dad- Thanks for your kindness and support! You’re the best! Michelle, you are an amazing sister you have encouraged me and supported me through it all. I love all of you! Favorite quote: Autumn leaves, God never does! Favorite school memory: Mrs. Weible said: “Shut up Christine Rios! Annette says: “I’ll fight a fool!” Favorite school friendship: Kristen Gayle, Annette Robinson, Misty Connelly, Dawn Leidtke, Maia Tcholakova, and Mary Hudec. Advice to future students: Always think positive, you can do it!
66. Annette Robinson Hometown: Akron, Ohio TThank You’s: -John, Lindsey, David, Andrew, Hayden, Linda, and Lynn you were all so very supportive of me! My sister Angie I love you, My brothers, Gerry, Greg, Jason, Peter, and Jamie I love you all. Favorite School Memory: Ashley’s ½ stick of butter! Kristen and her Panera beeper. Favorite school friendship: Christine Rios, Laura Thompson, Stacey Parker, Misty Connelly, Kristen Gayle, Maia Tcholakova Advice to future students: Never give up! Option is not an option!
67. Maia Tcholakova Hometown: Bulgaria Type of Nursing: LPN Thank You’s: To my husband Angel and my two sons, Baiazit and Aroon for their love, support and patience. To my friends believing in me and my teachers who helped me in this hard journey. Favorite Quote: "Happy are those who dream dreams and are ready to pay the price to make them come true". / by Leon J. Suenes/ Favorite school friendship: Mary, Christine, Dawn, Dashah, Dave, Del, and Annette
68. Laura Thompson Hometown: Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio Thank You’s: My husband Randy for helping me through the worst moments and celebrating my accomplishments. To my family and friends for their support and understanding. Annette for making the drive to Alliance adventures. Stacie for keeping my feet grounded in class and motivation. Thank you, Love all of you so much. I couldn’t have done this without you. Favorite quote: Live, Love, Laugh often Favorite school friendship: Stacie, Megan, Annette, Ali Advice to future students: There is an end, take it one day at a time.
69.
70. Prayer for a Nurse Long before you entered nursing The Lord had played His part, Planting seeds of love and kindness In the portals of your heart. For it's clear that you've been gifted With a sympathetic ear, And blessed from the beginning With a willingness to cheer. And the people who you care for Are better off by far, When they're touched by your compassion, By the person that you are. For in times of woe and worry When they're frightened or they're blue, No one could be more consoling than the friend they'll find in you.