This document describes simulations of atmospheric CO2 and stable carbon isotope ratios (δ13C-CO2) compared to observations at Jungfraujoch, Switzerland. It presents the measurement technique using quantum cascade laser absorption spectroscopy. It then summarizes results on the decadal trend and seasonality in observations, simulations of regional CO2 contributions from different processes and fuel types, and simulations of δ13C-CO2 values compared to observations.
The document summarizes the environmental chemistry research of Federico Karagulian across multiple institutions. It describes his work using various techniques like mass spectroscopy and remote sensing to study heterogeneous chemistry interactions between pollutants and airborne substrates. It also discusses his research on personal exposure to particulate matter and formation of toxic compounds in human lungs from chemical reactions between pollutants and substances in lungs. His work provides insights into impacts on global ozone levels and climate change.
Using low cost particle sensors for characterisation of urban air pollution: ...IES / IAQM
A presentation from RTCA17, held on 24th-25th October 2017.
The production of low-cost air quality sensors is a fast growing field, which is offering exciting possibilities for the expert and non-expert alike. Their low cost brings the technology into the financial reach of non-professional communities, for example, schools and interested/concerned individuals. For the research and consultant communities, they bring the possibility of high-density spatial mapping. To be useful, these devices need quality assurance and quality checking (QA/QC) to be undertaken under environmental conditions relevant to their location of deployment. In this talk, Francis will discuss findings from field campaigns conducted in Birmingham, UK and Nairobi, Kenya using the Alphasense OPC-N2 optical particle counter for measuring PM10 and PM2.5. Overall, the OPC-N2 devices were found to measure accurately ambient airborne particle mass concentration provided they were correctly calibrated. Future applications and directions will be discussed.
This document discusses using aerial mapping technology to enhance traditional mapping methods and detect chemical contaminants. It involves using aerial digital elevation mapping and 3D modeling to create high-resolution terrain and landscape data. Multispectral analysis techniques are also used from aircraft to remotely identify and analyze chemical contaminates on water and land for environmental monitoring purposes.
This document summarizes the development and deployment of low-cost sensor networks to monitor urban air quality. It outlines the objective to better understand air pollution in megacities using dense sensor arrays. It then describes current research at MIT using nonparametric regression techniques and particle counter modeling to improve data from low-cost sensors. Finally, it provides examples of sensor networks deployed in Hawaii, Boston, and Delhi to measure pollutants like PM, O3, CO, and VOCs.
This research poster presents a study on scaling up photocatalytic reactors. The objectives were to determine the relationship between photocatalysis parameters like reactor volume, hydrogen peroxide dosage, catalyst loading and time. It also aimed to quantify the hydroxyl radicals required to treat methyl orange. A factorial design experiment was conducted varying the reactor volume from 200 to 1100mL, hydrogen peroxide dosage and catalyst loading. Results showed reactor volume was the most influential factor. A hydroxyl quantification study was then performed using 7-hydroxycoumarin to better understand parameter limits for scaling up from 200mL to 5000mL reactors.
Effects of Wind Direction on VOC Concentrations in Southeast KansasSergio A. Guerra
Twenty-four-hour whole-air samples were collected in evacuated stainless steel canisters and analyzed for volatile organic compounds (VOC) at selected sites in southeast Kansas from March 1999 to October 2000. The purpose was to assess the influence on air quality of four industrial facilities that burn hazardous waste located in the communities of Coffeyville, Chanute, Independence and Fredonia. Fifteen of the VOC analytes were found at concentrations above the detection limit and above levels observed in the blanks. Data were analyzed to investigate whether sampling site and date had a significant effect on VOC concentration. Results indicate that site and/or date were significant factors for many of the VOCs. To further investigate the temporal factor, sampling days were divided into four classifications based on wind direction: predominantly north winds, predominantly south winds, calm/variable winds and
other winds. Results from statistical analyses show that wind direction was a significant factor for benzene, toluene, o-xylene, naphthalene, and carbon tetrachloride. Data from upwind and downwind samples were analyzed for the four cities of interest in the study area, to investigate the effect of the four targeted sources on VOC concentrations. Results from Fredonia showed higher concentrations of toluene, ethyl benzene, styrene, methyl chloride, and trichloroethylene in the upwind samples, although none of the results were statistically significant. Chanute also showed higher concentrations of the same compounds and m,p-xylene in the upwind samples; results were significant at the 0.05 level for toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene. These results indicate that sources other than those targeted in the sampling network may be contributing to
the VOC levels. Results from Independence showed higher concentrations of ethylebenzene and styrene in the downwind samples; results were statistically significant. These results indicate that the source targeted in the sampling network may be contributing to the VOC levels at those sampling sites.
Use of Probabilistic Statistical Techniques in AERMOD Modeling EvaluationsSergio A. Guerra
The advent of the short term National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) prompted modelers to reassess the common practices in dispersion modeling analyses. The probabilistic nature of the new short term standards also opens the door to alternative modeling techniques that are based on probability. One of these is the Monte Carlo technique that can be used to account for emission variability in permit modeling.
Currently, it is assumed that a given emission unit is in operation at its maximum capacity every hour of the year. This assumption may be appropriate for facilities that operate at full capacity most of the time. However, in most cases, emission units operate at variable loads that produce variable emissions. Thus, assuming constant maximum emissions is overly conservative for facilities such as power plants that are not in operation all the time and which exhibit high concentrations during very short periods of time.
Another element of conservatism in NAAQS demonstrations relates to combining predicted concentrations from the AMS/EPA Regulatory Model (AERMOD) with observed (monitored) background concentrations. Normally, some of the highest monitored observations are added to the AERMOD results yielding a very conservative combined concentration.
A case study is presented to evaluate the use of alternative probabilistic methods to complement the shortcomings of current dispersion modeling practices. This case study includes the use of the Monte Carlo technique and the use of a reasonable background concentration to combine with the AERMOD predicted concentrations. The use of these methods is in harmony with the probabilistic nature of the NAAQS and can help demonstrate compliance through dispersion modeling analyses, while still being protective of the NAAQS.
The document summarizes the environmental chemistry research of Federico Karagulian across multiple institutions. It describes his work using various techniques like mass spectroscopy and remote sensing to study heterogeneous chemistry interactions between pollutants and airborne substrates. It also discusses his research on personal exposure to particulate matter and formation of toxic compounds in human lungs from chemical reactions between pollutants and substances in lungs. His work provides insights into impacts on global ozone levels and climate change.
Using low cost particle sensors for characterisation of urban air pollution: ...IES / IAQM
A presentation from RTCA17, held on 24th-25th October 2017.
The production of low-cost air quality sensors is a fast growing field, which is offering exciting possibilities for the expert and non-expert alike. Their low cost brings the technology into the financial reach of non-professional communities, for example, schools and interested/concerned individuals. For the research and consultant communities, they bring the possibility of high-density spatial mapping. To be useful, these devices need quality assurance and quality checking (QA/QC) to be undertaken under environmental conditions relevant to their location of deployment. In this talk, Francis will discuss findings from field campaigns conducted in Birmingham, UK and Nairobi, Kenya using the Alphasense OPC-N2 optical particle counter for measuring PM10 and PM2.5. Overall, the OPC-N2 devices were found to measure accurately ambient airborne particle mass concentration provided they were correctly calibrated. Future applications and directions will be discussed.
This document discusses using aerial mapping technology to enhance traditional mapping methods and detect chemical contaminants. It involves using aerial digital elevation mapping and 3D modeling to create high-resolution terrain and landscape data. Multispectral analysis techniques are also used from aircraft to remotely identify and analyze chemical contaminates on water and land for environmental monitoring purposes.
This document summarizes the development and deployment of low-cost sensor networks to monitor urban air quality. It outlines the objective to better understand air pollution in megacities using dense sensor arrays. It then describes current research at MIT using nonparametric regression techniques and particle counter modeling to improve data from low-cost sensors. Finally, it provides examples of sensor networks deployed in Hawaii, Boston, and Delhi to measure pollutants like PM, O3, CO, and VOCs.
This research poster presents a study on scaling up photocatalytic reactors. The objectives were to determine the relationship between photocatalysis parameters like reactor volume, hydrogen peroxide dosage, catalyst loading and time. It also aimed to quantify the hydroxyl radicals required to treat methyl orange. A factorial design experiment was conducted varying the reactor volume from 200 to 1100mL, hydrogen peroxide dosage and catalyst loading. Results showed reactor volume was the most influential factor. A hydroxyl quantification study was then performed using 7-hydroxycoumarin to better understand parameter limits for scaling up from 200mL to 5000mL reactors.
Effects of Wind Direction on VOC Concentrations in Southeast KansasSergio A. Guerra
Twenty-four-hour whole-air samples were collected in evacuated stainless steel canisters and analyzed for volatile organic compounds (VOC) at selected sites in southeast Kansas from March 1999 to October 2000. The purpose was to assess the influence on air quality of four industrial facilities that burn hazardous waste located in the communities of Coffeyville, Chanute, Independence and Fredonia. Fifteen of the VOC analytes were found at concentrations above the detection limit and above levels observed in the blanks. Data were analyzed to investigate whether sampling site and date had a significant effect on VOC concentration. Results indicate that site and/or date were significant factors for many of the VOCs. To further investigate the temporal factor, sampling days were divided into four classifications based on wind direction: predominantly north winds, predominantly south winds, calm/variable winds and
other winds. Results from statistical analyses show that wind direction was a significant factor for benzene, toluene, o-xylene, naphthalene, and carbon tetrachloride. Data from upwind and downwind samples were analyzed for the four cities of interest in the study area, to investigate the effect of the four targeted sources on VOC concentrations. Results from Fredonia showed higher concentrations of toluene, ethyl benzene, styrene, methyl chloride, and trichloroethylene in the upwind samples, although none of the results were statistically significant. Chanute also showed higher concentrations of the same compounds and m,p-xylene in the upwind samples; results were significant at the 0.05 level for toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene. These results indicate that sources other than those targeted in the sampling network may be contributing to
the VOC levels. Results from Independence showed higher concentrations of ethylebenzene and styrene in the downwind samples; results were statistically significant. These results indicate that the source targeted in the sampling network may be contributing to the VOC levels at those sampling sites.
Use of Probabilistic Statistical Techniques in AERMOD Modeling EvaluationsSergio A. Guerra
The advent of the short term National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) prompted modelers to reassess the common practices in dispersion modeling analyses. The probabilistic nature of the new short term standards also opens the door to alternative modeling techniques that are based on probability. One of these is the Monte Carlo technique that can be used to account for emission variability in permit modeling.
Currently, it is assumed that a given emission unit is in operation at its maximum capacity every hour of the year. This assumption may be appropriate for facilities that operate at full capacity most of the time. However, in most cases, emission units operate at variable loads that produce variable emissions. Thus, assuming constant maximum emissions is overly conservative for facilities such as power plants that are not in operation all the time and which exhibit high concentrations during very short periods of time.
Another element of conservatism in NAAQS demonstrations relates to combining predicted concentrations from the AMS/EPA Regulatory Model (AERMOD) with observed (monitored) background concentrations. Normally, some of the highest monitored observations are added to the AERMOD results yielding a very conservative combined concentration.
A case study is presented to evaluate the use of alternative probabilistic methods to complement the shortcomings of current dispersion modeling practices. This case study includes the use of the Monte Carlo technique and the use of a reasonable background concentration to combine with the AERMOD predicted concentrations. The use of these methods is in harmony with the probabilistic nature of the NAAQS and can help demonstrate compliance through dispersion modeling analyses, while still being protective of the NAAQS.
The document discusses tools for closing the gap between emissions, observations, and models of air quality. It proposes a service oriented architecture and network to integrate multiple datasets from observations, emissions, and models. This would allow iterative evaluation and improvement of models by comparing them to observations and adjusting emissions estimates to reduce biases. The end goal is to provide the best available composition of the atmosphere by integrating the best observations, emissions estimates, and models.
Pairing aermod concentrations with the 50th percentile monitored valueSergio A. Guerra
This document proposes a new method for combining modeled concentrations from AERMOD with monitored background concentrations.
The current practice of adding the maximum or 98th percentile monitored concentration is overly conservative. Instead, the document suggests using the 50th percentile (median) monitored concentration.
Pairing the 98th percentile modeled concentration with the 50th percentile monitored concentration results in a combined 99th percentile concentration. This provides a more conservative estimate than the form of the short-term air quality standards, while avoiding the mismatch of temporal pairing in AERMOD and the influence of exceptional events.
The proposed method is presented as a simple, protective approach for demonstrating compliance with air quality standards when considering both modeled and monitored background concentrations.
Effects of Wind Direction on Trace Metal Concentration in Southeast KansasSergio A. Guerra
This study investigated the effects of wind direction on trace metal concentrations in particulate matter in southeast Kansas. Air quality monitoring was conducted from March to October 2000 at nine sites. Concentrations of six metals (beryllium, chromium, arsenic, cadmium, barium, and lead) were analyzed. The results showed that wind direction significantly impacted chromium, barium, and lead concentrations, with calm/variable winds associated with higher chromium and lead levels and north winds linked to higher barium. However, upwind/downwind comparisons found no significant differences near targeted industrial sources. Mean levels of chromium, arsenic, and cadmium exceeded EPA risk levels at some sites.
This document discusses hemispheric, transboundary, and regional air pollution. It provides information on sources of air pollution impacting Ireland from other regions, including biomass burning events transported from North America and Wales. Long-term observations from Mace Head and Valentia Observatory show reductions in air pollution concentrations like sulphate aerosol that correspond to decreased emissions in Ireland over time. Real-time aerosol measurement techniques like aerosol mass spectrometry can identify pollution sources to inform effective emissions control strategies.
ONLINE SCALABLE SVM ENSEMBLE LEARNING METHOD (OSSELM) FOR SPATIO-TEMPORAL AIR...IJDKP
Environmental air pollution studies fail to consider the fact that air pollution is a spatio-temporal problem. The volume and complexity of the data have created the need to explore various machine learning models, however, those models have advantages and disadvantages when applied to regional air pollution analysis, furthermore, most environmental problems are global distribution problems. This research addressed spatio-temporal problem using decentralized computational technique named Online Scalable SVM Ensemble Learning Method (OSSELM). Evaluation criteria for computational air pollution analysis includes: accuracy, real time & prediction, spatio-temporal and decentralised analysis, we assert that these criteria can be improved using the proposed OSSELM. Special consideration is given to distributed ensemble to resolve spatio-temporal data collection problem (i.e. the data collected from multiple monitoring stations dispersed over a geographical location). Moreover, the experimental results demonstrated that the proposed OSSELM produced impressive results compare to SVM ensemble for air pollution analysis in Auckland region.
Innovative Dispersion Modeling Practices to Achieve a Reasonable Level of Con...Sergio A. Guerra
The document discusses innovative modeling practices to achieve reasonable conservatism in AERMOD modeling demonstrations. It presents a case study evaluating three modeling techniques: EMVAP, which assigns random emission rates over iterations; ARM2, which calculates NOx to NO2 conversion based on plume entrapment; and using the 50th percentile monitored background concentration. The case study found lower modeled concentrations using EMVAP and ARM2 compared to current practices, demonstrating these techniques can provide more realistic results while still protecting air quality standards. Pairing the 98th percentile predicted concentration with the 50th percentile monitored background provided a statistically conservative but reasonable level of conservatism.
This document summarizes research on airborne particles from wood burning in the UK. It finds that wood burning is a significant source of particulate matter (PM) pollution in the UK, especially in winter. Measurements of levoglucosan and absorption suggest that wood burning contributes around 1-2.5 micrograms per cubic meter of PM10 on average in London. Levels are higher on weekends and evenings, indicating wood burning is used as a secondary heating source. Despite regulations, smoke from residential wood burning in fireplaces remains a major issue, threatening progress in reducing PM pollution from other sources like vehicle emissions. Increased use of wood burning risks counteracting investments to improve air quality.
Reflections on diesel exposures in professional drivers - a poorly quantified...IES / IAQM
This document summarizes research on diesel exhaust exposures among professional drivers. It discusses several studies that have found high exposures and health effects among drivers such as taxi, truck, and bus drivers. The document outlines a new study called DEMiSt that aims to better characterize exposures for 200 drivers across sectors and identify strategies to reduce risks. Preliminary results suggest taxi drivers have the highest exposures while ventilation settings significantly impact levels. Reducing "pollution spikes" may substantially lower exposure. The study also examines exposures between electric and diesel taxis.
Background Concentrations and the Need for a New System to Update AERMODSergio A. Guerra
Presentation delivered at the EPA 11th Conference on Air Quality Modeling at RTP, NC.
Topics covered include background concentrations and the need for a new system to update AERMOD. An evaluation of what is being proposed in the draft guidance related to background concentrations and an alternative approach to determine background concentrations for dispersion modeling evaluations is presented. A review of the lessons learned from Appendix W and a proposed new method to incorporate science into the model.
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the relationship between carbon dioxide (CO2) levels, window area, and total room volume in office buildings in Jos, Nigeria. Objective data on CO2 levels, temperature, humidity and other factors was collected from four naturally ventilated offices. A linear relationship was found between the ratio of operable window area to total office volume and CO2 levels, with lower ratios corresponding to higher CO2 levels. Using regression analysis, the study determined that a ratio of 0.0229 would be required to achieve an acceptable indoor CO2 level of 509 ppm in similar east-facing, naturally ventilated office buildings in Jos. The average ratio in the offices studied was 0.0023.
Poster presentation delivered at the 2013 CASANZ conference by Katestone Senior air quality consultant Sarah Jane Donnelly. The poster presents a case study for the Tomago Aluminium Smelter to investigate the cause of exceedances of the 24-hour average air quality standard for sulfur dioxide.
Pairing aermod concentrations with the 50th percentile monitored valueSergio A. Guerra
Presentation delivered to the Background Concentrations Workgroup for Air Dispersion Modeling organized by the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency. delivered on March 25, 2014. Three topics covered include 1) Screening monitoring data, 2) AERMOD’s time-space mismatch, and
3) Proposed 50th % Bkg Method
Advanced Modeling Techniques for Permit Modeling - Turning challenges into o...Sergio A. Guerra
Advance modeling techniques can be used in AERMOD to refine the inputs that are entered in the model to get more accurate results. This presentation covers:
-AERMOD’s Temporal Mismatch Limitation
-Building Downwash Limitations in BPIP/PRIME
-Advanced Modeling Techniques to Overcome these Limitations
Solutions include:
Equivalent Building Dimensions (EBD)
Emission Variability Processor (EMVAP)
Updated ambient ratio method (ARM2)
Pairing AERMOD values with the 50th % background concentrations in cumulative analyses.
Conference on the Environment- GUERRA presentation Nov 19, 2014Sergio A. Guerra
This document discusses innovative dispersion modeling practices to achieve reasonable conservatism in regulatory modeling demonstrations. It presents a case study evaluating the Emissions and Meteorological Variability Processor (EMVAP) and approaches to establish background concentrations. The case study models SO2 concentrations from a power plant using 1) constant emissions, 2) variable emissions, and 3) EMVAP. EMVAP provides more realistic concentrations while accounting for emission variability. Using the 50th percentile monitored background concentration when combining with modeled values provides statistical conservatism compared to using high percentile values.
Highlights from the 2016 Guideline on Air Quality Models ConferenceSergio A. Guerra
The revision of the Guideline on AQ Models (Appendix W) will prompt many changes in the way dispersion modeling is conducted for regulatory purposes. Some of the changes to the Guideline include enhancements and bug fixes to the AERMOD modeling system, new screening techniques to address ozone and secondary PM2.5, delisting CALPUFF as the preferred long-range transport model, and updates on the use of meteorological input data. These changes will have a significant impact on the regulated community. In anticipation of these updates, the Air & Waste Management Association will hold its 6th Specialty Conference: “Guideline on Air Quality Models: The New Path” to provide a technical forum to discuss the Guideline. This talk covered the main highlights from this conference including the presentations from EPA on the status and future direction of the Guideline. Learn how these changes may impact dispersion modeling evaluations for short and long range transport.
This document discusses comparisons of vertical profile measurements of greenhouse gases from an intensive campaign using AirCore samplers at Sodankylä, Finland. It finds that AirCore is a cost-effective tool for stratospheric measurements, with uncertainties of 0.15-0.2 ppm for CO2 and 4-7 ppb for CO. Differences between AirCore profiles were mostly within these uncertainties, though tubing coatings could cause larger CO2 differences. Altitude registration uncertainty was typically around 2 hPa. Future work includes a campaign in Kiruna, Sweden to further improve accuracy of CO measurements and altitude registration.
INNOVATIVE DISPERSION MODELING PRACTICES TO ACHIEVE A REASONABLE LEVEL OF CON...Sergio A. Guerra
Presentation delivered at the Annual Air and Waste Management Association conference in Long beach, California on June 26, 2014.
Innovative dispersion modeling techniques are presented including ARM2, EMVAP and the 50th percentile background concentration. Case study involves peaking engines that are used 250 hour per year. These intermittent sources are required to undergo a modeling evaluation in many states. Current modeling techniques grossly overestimate the emissions from these sporadic sources.
This document summarizes a study of PM2.5 formation during a photochemical episode in the Po Valley in Italy. Measurements were taken in Limito di Pioltello near Milan from June 17-20 and July 8-17, 2009. The study found that (1) secondary inorganic aerosols like nitrates, sulfates and ammonium dominated PM2.5 mass during the episode, forming through aqueous phase photochemistry, (2) fine particles peaked at night while coarse particles peaked during the afternoon due to different sources, and (3) source apportionment models like the Multilinear Engine ME-2 helped identify local traffic, nitrates from the Po Valley, and sulfates from Milan as major sources
CPP is an air quality and wind engineering consulting firm that provides air permitting and advanced dispersion modeling services. They have expertise in AERMOD modeling, wind tunnel modeling, and other advanced analysis methods like equivalent building dimensions and emission variability processing. Using these advanced methods, CPP can help optimize clients' emission control equipment and stack heights to make projects compliant with permitting requirements in cases where initial modeling shows exceedances.
Using Physical Modeling to Evaluate Re-entrainment of Stack EmissionsSergio A. Guerra
Fume re-entry is an important concern for many types of facilities such as hospitals and laboratories that emit pathogens and toxic chemicals that may impact public health by being re-entrained into the building though nearby air intakes. Numerical methods can be used to evaluate dispersion of pollutants from stacks at sensitive receptors. However, numerical methods have limitations and simplifications that can significantly affect its predictions. An alternate way of analyzing stack re-entrainment is with physical modeling in a wind tunnel. In such a study, a scale model that accounts for buildings, topography, and vegetation is used with planned and alternate stack designs to determine the toxic emission impacts on air intakes and other sensitive locations. In a wind tunnel study different stack designs and possible mitigation options can be evaluated. This method is superior to numerical methods (e.g., dispersion models) because it accounts for the immediate structures, topography, and vegetation that is often ignored or oversimplified in numerical methods.
This presentation will show a hypothetical case study evaluating a site with toxic air emissions using AERMOD and physical modeling.
The CarboCount-CH project established an observation network in Switzerland to measure carbon dioxide and methane concentrations at four sites between 2012-2013. It developed a high-resolution modeling system using COSMO meteorological data to simulate transport and surface fluxes of these gases. Initial results show good agreement between observed and modeled total CO2. Inverse modeling suggests Switzerland's biospheric CO2 sink is comparable to prior estimates, but occurs more in spring. Methane modeling validated Switzerland's national emissions inventory but identified an additional unknown source in eastern Switzerland.
1) The document describes an urban greenhouse gas monitoring program in the Greater Toronto Area of Canada, which has a population of over 7 million people and aims for ambitious emission reduction targets.
2) The program utilizes various atmospheric observation techniques including total column measurements from ground-based sites and mobile surveys to measure gases like CO2, CH4, and CO to better understand urban emissions.
3) Preliminary findings show the program can detect changes in atmospheric CO2 levels associated with reduced traffic and activity during COVID lockdowns, demonstrating its ability to track policy-driven emission changes over time.
The document discusses tools for closing the gap between emissions, observations, and models of air quality. It proposes a service oriented architecture and network to integrate multiple datasets from observations, emissions, and models. This would allow iterative evaluation and improvement of models by comparing them to observations and adjusting emissions estimates to reduce biases. The end goal is to provide the best available composition of the atmosphere by integrating the best observations, emissions estimates, and models.
Pairing aermod concentrations with the 50th percentile monitored valueSergio A. Guerra
This document proposes a new method for combining modeled concentrations from AERMOD with monitored background concentrations.
The current practice of adding the maximum or 98th percentile monitored concentration is overly conservative. Instead, the document suggests using the 50th percentile (median) monitored concentration.
Pairing the 98th percentile modeled concentration with the 50th percentile monitored concentration results in a combined 99th percentile concentration. This provides a more conservative estimate than the form of the short-term air quality standards, while avoiding the mismatch of temporal pairing in AERMOD and the influence of exceptional events.
The proposed method is presented as a simple, protective approach for demonstrating compliance with air quality standards when considering both modeled and monitored background concentrations.
Effects of Wind Direction on Trace Metal Concentration in Southeast KansasSergio A. Guerra
This study investigated the effects of wind direction on trace metal concentrations in particulate matter in southeast Kansas. Air quality monitoring was conducted from March to October 2000 at nine sites. Concentrations of six metals (beryllium, chromium, arsenic, cadmium, barium, and lead) were analyzed. The results showed that wind direction significantly impacted chromium, barium, and lead concentrations, with calm/variable winds associated with higher chromium and lead levels and north winds linked to higher barium. However, upwind/downwind comparisons found no significant differences near targeted industrial sources. Mean levels of chromium, arsenic, and cadmium exceeded EPA risk levels at some sites.
This document discusses hemispheric, transboundary, and regional air pollution. It provides information on sources of air pollution impacting Ireland from other regions, including biomass burning events transported from North America and Wales. Long-term observations from Mace Head and Valentia Observatory show reductions in air pollution concentrations like sulphate aerosol that correspond to decreased emissions in Ireland over time. Real-time aerosol measurement techniques like aerosol mass spectrometry can identify pollution sources to inform effective emissions control strategies.
ONLINE SCALABLE SVM ENSEMBLE LEARNING METHOD (OSSELM) FOR SPATIO-TEMPORAL AIR...IJDKP
Environmental air pollution studies fail to consider the fact that air pollution is a spatio-temporal problem. The volume and complexity of the data have created the need to explore various machine learning models, however, those models have advantages and disadvantages when applied to regional air pollution analysis, furthermore, most environmental problems are global distribution problems. This research addressed spatio-temporal problem using decentralized computational technique named Online Scalable SVM Ensemble Learning Method (OSSELM). Evaluation criteria for computational air pollution analysis includes: accuracy, real time & prediction, spatio-temporal and decentralised analysis, we assert that these criteria can be improved using the proposed OSSELM. Special consideration is given to distributed ensemble to resolve spatio-temporal data collection problem (i.e. the data collected from multiple monitoring stations dispersed over a geographical location). Moreover, the experimental results demonstrated that the proposed OSSELM produced impressive results compare to SVM ensemble for air pollution analysis in Auckland region.
Innovative Dispersion Modeling Practices to Achieve a Reasonable Level of Con...Sergio A. Guerra
The document discusses innovative modeling practices to achieve reasonable conservatism in AERMOD modeling demonstrations. It presents a case study evaluating three modeling techniques: EMVAP, which assigns random emission rates over iterations; ARM2, which calculates NOx to NO2 conversion based on plume entrapment; and using the 50th percentile monitored background concentration. The case study found lower modeled concentrations using EMVAP and ARM2 compared to current practices, demonstrating these techniques can provide more realistic results while still protecting air quality standards. Pairing the 98th percentile predicted concentration with the 50th percentile monitored background provided a statistically conservative but reasonable level of conservatism.
This document summarizes research on airborne particles from wood burning in the UK. It finds that wood burning is a significant source of particulate matter (PM) pollution in the UK, especially in winter. Measurements of levoglucosan and absorption suggest that wood burning contributes around 1-2.5 micrograms per cubic meter of PM10 on average in London. Levels are higher on weekends and evenings, indicating wood burning is used as a secondary heating source. Despite regulations, smoke from residential wood burning in fireplaces remains a major issue, threatening progress in reducing PM pollution from other sources like vehicle emissions. Increased use of wood burning risks counteracting investments to improve air quality.
Reflections on diesel exposures in professional drivers - a poorly quantified...IES / IAQM
This document summarizes research on diesel exhaust exposures among professional drivers. It discusses several studies that have found high exposures and health effects among drivers such as taxi, truck, and bus drivers. The document outlines a new study called DEMiSt that aims to better characterize exposures for 200 drivers across sectors and identify strategies to reduce risks. Preliminary results suggest taxi drivers have the highest exposures while ventilation settings significantly impact levels. Reducing "pollution spikes" may substantially lower exposure. The study also examines exposures between electric and diesel taxis.
Background Concentrations and the Need for a New System to Update AERMODSergio A. Guerra
Presentation delivered at the EPA 11th Conference on Air Quality Modeling at RTP, NC.
Topics covered include background concentrations and the need for a new system to update AERMOD. An evaluation of what is being proposed in the draft guidance related to background concentrations and an alternative approach to determine background concentrations for dispersion modeling evaluations is presented. A review of the lessons learned from Appendix W and a proposed new method to incorporate science into the model.
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the relationship between carbon dioxide (CO2) levels, window area, and total room volume in office buildings in Jos, Nigeria. Objective data on CO2 levels, temperature, humidity and other factors was collected from four naturally ventilated offices. A linear relationship was found between the ratio of operable window area to total office volume and CO2 levels, with lower ratios corresponding to higher CO2 levels. Using regression analysis, the study determined that a ratio of 0.0229 would be required to achieve an acceptable indoor CO2 level of 509 ppm in similar east-facing, naturally ventilated office buildings in Jos. The average ratio in the offices studied was 0.0023.
Poster presentation delivered at the 2013 CASANZ conference by Katestone Senior air quality consultant Sarah Jane Donnelly. The poster presents a case study for the Tomago Aluminium Smelter to investigate the cause of exceedances of the 24-hour average air quality standard for sulfur dioxide.
Pairing aermod concentrations with the 50th percentile monitored valueSergio A. Guerra
Presentation delivered to the Background Concentrations Workgroup for Air Dispersion Modeling organized by the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency. delivered on March 25, 2014. Three topics covered include 1) Screening monitoring data, 2) AERMOD’s time-space mismatch, and
3) Proposed 50th % Bkg Method
Advanced Modeling Techniques for Permit Modeling - Turning challenges into o...Sergio A. Guerra
Advance modeling techniques can be used in AERMOD to refine the inputs that are entered in the model to get more accurate results. This presentation covers:
-AERMOD’s Temporal Mismatch Limitation
-Building Downwash Limitations in BPIP/PRIME
-Advanced Modeling Techniques to Overcome these Limitations
Solutions include:
Equivalent Building Dimensions (EBD)
Emission Variability Processor (EMVAP)
Updated ambient ratio method (ARM2)
Pairing AERMOD values with the 50th % background concentrations in cumulative analyses.
Conference on the Environment- GUERRA presentation Nov 19, 2014Sergio A. Guerra
This document discusses innovative dispersion modeling practices to achieve reasonable conservatism in regulatory modeling demonstrations. It presents a case study evaluating the Emissions and Meteorological Variability Processor (EMVAP) and approaches to establish background concentrations. The case study models SO2 concentrations from a power plant using 1) constant emissions, 2) variable emissions, and 3) EMVAP. EMVAP provides more realistic concentrations while accounting for emission variability. Using the 50th percentile monitored background concentration when combining with modeled values provides statistical conservatism compared to using high percentile values.
Highlights from the 2016 Guideline on Air Quality Models ConferenceSergio A. Guerra
The revision of the Guideline on AQ Models (Appendix W) will prompt many changes in the way dispersion modeling is conducted for regulatory purposes. Some of the changes to the Guideline include enhancements and bug fixes to the AERMOD modeling system, new screening techniques to address ozone and secondary PM2.5, delisting CALPUFF as the preferred long-range transport model, and updates on the use of meteorological input data. These changes will have a significant impact on the regulated community. In anticipation of these updates, the Air & Waste Management Association will hold its 6th Specialty Conference: “Guideline on Air Quality Models: The New Path” to provide a technical forum to discuss the Guideline. This talk covered the main highlights from this conference including the presentations from EPA on the status and future direction of the Guideline. Learn how these changes may impact dispersion modeling evaluations for short and long range transport.
This document discusses comparisons of vertical profile measurements of greenhouse gases from an intensive campaign using AirCore samplers at Sodankylä, Finland. It finds that AirCore is a cost-effective tool for stratospheric measurements, with uncertainties of 0.15-0.2 ppm for CO2 and 4-7 ppb for CO. Differences between AirCore profiles were mostly within these uncertainties, though tubing coatings could cause larger CO2 differences. Altitude registration uncertainty was typically around 2 hPa. Future work includes a campaign in Kiruna, Sweden to further improve accuracy of CO measurements and altitude registration.
INNOVATIVE DISPERSION MODELING PRACTICES TO ACHIEVE A REASONABLE LEVEL OF CON...Sergio A. Guerra
Presentation delivered at the Annual Air and Waste Management Association conference in Long beach, California on June 26, 2014.
Innovative dispersion modeling techniques are presented including ARM2, EMVAP and the 50th percentile background concentration. Case study involves peaking engines that are used 250 hour per year. These intermittent sources are required to undergo a modeling evaluation in many states. Current modeling techniques grossly overestimate the emissions from these sporadic sources.
This document summarizes a study of PM2.5 formation during a photochemical episode in the Po Valley in Italy. Measurements were taken in Limito di Pioltello near Milan from June 17-20 and July 8-17, 2009. The study found that (1) secondary inorganic aerosols like nitrates, sulfates and ammonium dominated PM2.5 mass during the episode, forming through aqueous phase photochemistry, (2) fine particles peaked at night while coarse particles peaked during the afternoon due to different sources, and (3) source apportionment models like the Multilinear Engine ME-2 helped identify local traffic, nitrates from the Po Valley, and sulfates from Milan as major sources
CPP is an air quality and wind engineering consulting firm that provides air permitting and advanced dispersion modeling services. They have expertise in AERMOD modeling, wind tunnel modeling, and other advanced analysis methods like equivalent building dimensions and emission variability processing. Using these advanced methods, CPP can help optimize clients' emission control equipment and stack heights to make projects compliant with permitting requirements in cases where initial modeling shows exceedances.
Using Physical Modeling to Evaluate Re-entrainment of Stack EmissionsSergio A. Guerra
Fume re-entry is an important concern for many types of facilities such as hospitals and laboratories that emit pathogens and toxic chemicals that may impact public health by being re-entrained into the building though nearby air intakes. Numerical methods can be used to evaluate dispersion of pollutants from stacks at sensitive receptors. However, numerical methods have limitations and simplifications that can significantly affect its predictions. An alternate way of analyzing stack re-entrainment is with physical modeling in a wind tunnel. In such a study, a scale model that accounts for buildings, topography, and vegetation is used with planned and alternate stack designs to determine the toxic emission impacts on air intakes and other sensitive locations. In a wind tunnel study different stack designs and possible mitigation options can be evaluated. This method is superior to numerical methods (e.g., dispersion models) because it accounts for the immediate structures, topography, and vegetation that is often ignored or oversimplified in numerical methods.
This presentation will show a hypothetical case study evaluating a site with toxic air emissions using AERMOD and physical modeling.
The CarboCount-CH project established an observation network in Switzerland to measure carbon dioxide and methane concentrations at four sites between 2012-2013. It developed a high-resolution modeling system using COSMO meteorological data to simulate transport and surface fluxes of these gases. Initial results show good agreement between observed and modeled total CO2. Inverse modeling suggests Switzerland's biospheric CO2 sink is comparable to prior estimates, but occurs more in spring. Methane modeling validated Switzerland's national emissions inventory but identified an additional unknown source in eastern Switzerland.
1) The document describes an urban greenhouse gas monitoring program in the Greater Toronto Area of Canada, which has a population of over 7 million people and aims for ambitious emission reduction targets.
2) The program utilizes various atmospheric observation techniques including total column measurements from ground-based sites and mobile surveys to measure gases like CO2, CH4, and CO to better understand urban emissions.
3) Preliminary findings show the program can detect changes in atmospheric CO2 levels associated with reduced traffic and activity during COVID lockdowns, demonstrating its ability to track policy-driven emission changes over time.
1) The document discusses using atmospheric measurements of oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) to quantify changes in fossil fuel CO2 emissions during COVID-19 lockdowns in near real-time.
2) Preliminary studies show the ratio of atmospheric O2 and CO2 (known as atmospheric potential oxygen, or APO) can be used as a tracer for fossil fuel CO2, with smaller uncertainties than traditional tracers like carbon monoxide.
3) Applying machine learning to APO measurements from the Weybourne Atmospheric Observatory in the UK detected a mean decrease in fossil fuel CO2 of 0.7 ppm during 2020, corresponding to a 23% reduction, consistent with other estimates.
This document summarizes the Carbosense4D project, which aims to monitor CO2 emissions in Zurich using a low-cost sensor network. Over 200 low-cost CO2 sensors have been deployed throughout Zurich to measure CO2 concentrations. The sensors require calibration and correction for drift. Initial results show the influence of biospheric CO2 fluxes even in urban Zurich. Atmospheric modelling is also being used and shows potential after improvements to vertical mixing and emission inputs. Future work involves further sensor deployment and data improvement, model refinement integrating sensor data, and developing a city-scale model to estimate CO2 emissions.
- The document discusses the need to update the anthropogenic and biogenic emissions datasets used in CAMS simulations and analyses.
- It describes work being done to develop new, higher resolution global and European anthropogenic emissions inventories based on recent developments and incorporating temporal and speciation information.
- Issues with current datasets like inconsistent species emissions and lack of recent years are noted. Developing updated datasets exceeds current contract scopes.
- Evaluation of inverse modeling results and recommendations for improving emissions specification, resolution and temporal profiles are discussed.
This document summarizes work presented at the 2nd ICOS science conference on September 27th, 2016 in Helsinki, Finland. It describes efforts to track greenhouse gas emissions in the growing city of Recife, Brazil through an atmospheric monitoring network and emission inventory development. A monitoring network was successfully installed and data collection is underway, with initial results suggesting high methane concentrations may be linked to mangrove wetlands and canals. An emission inventory was constructed and atmospheric modeling was performed to better understand fossil fuel and biogenic carbon dioxide fluxes in the city. Further analysis is ongoing to refine the modeling and conduct the first atmospheric inversions to estimate emissions.
This document discusses quantifying biogenic carbon dioxide fluxes in an urban area using eddy covariance and earth observation. It presents a study measuring CO2 fluxes in Basel, Switzerland using flux towers and modeling urban canopy photosynthesis. Field measurements show high variability in photosynthetic rates depending on irrigation. The canopy photosynthesis model estimates monthly sequestration of 0.3 kg CO2/m2 but productivity is reduced in drought conditions when photosynthetic rates decrease. Urban morphology limits carbon sequestration by reducing light to plant canopies.
DEVELOPMENT OF DESULFURIZATION PROCESS IN ROMANIA THERMAL POWER PLANTSIAEME Publication
The purpose of this paper is an analysis of the SO2 pollution from Rovinari thermal power plant, before and after the installation of the desulphurisation facility, taking into account the unwanted effects upon the environment and human health. Modeling the dispersion of pollutants for the proximity areas of the Rovinari thermal power plant has been carried out by using the AUSTAL View specialized software within INSEMEX Petrosani. By putting the desulphurisation facilities into operation in phases, there is noticed the compliance with the enforced limit for the SO2 pollutant.
1) The study assimilated SMOS soil moisture observations into a terrestrial biosphere model to quantify the added value of soil moisture data for constraining terrestrial carbon fluxes compared to assimilating only atmospheric CO2 concentrations.
2) Assimilating both soil moisture and CO2 observations led to greater reductions in uncertainties of carbon fluxes and process parameters than assimilating CO2 observations alone.
3) The results demonstrate the potential of jointly assimilating remotely sensed soil moisture with atmospheric CO2 observations to improve estimates and uncertainties of global carbon fluxes from land to the atmosphere.
1) The document discusses using measurements of carbon-14 (14CO2) in the atmosphere to estimate fossil fuel CO2 emissions, which are devoid of carbon-14.
2) It presents the results of an observing system simulation experiment using hypothetical measurements of CO2 and 14CO2 at 43 sites to constrain fluxes through Bayesian inversion.
3) The results show that inversions using both CO2 and 14CO2 data provide tighter constraints on fossil fuel emissions than using CO2 data alone, demonstrating the potential of 14CO2 observations for monitoring anthropogenic emissions.
This document summarizes research using soil moisture data from the SMOS satellite and CO2 flask samples to constrain carbon fluxes within a carbon cycle data assimilation system from 2010-2015. The researchers found that assimilating soil moisture data improved the model's representation of carbon cycle variability, fluxes, and correlations with climate indices compared to using CO2 data alone. Additionally, combining soil moisture and vegetation optical data helped reduce uncertainties in modeled tropical region carbon fluxes. Overall, the study demonstrates that multiple remote sensing data sources can better constrain global carbon cycle modeling than any single dataset alone.
1) The document summarizes recent atmospheric greenhouse gas observations from measurement sites across France.
2) It describes the French collaborative monitoring network consisting of 10 background surface sites, 7 sites in the Paris area, and emerging total column and AirCore measurement programs.
3) Key findings include the impact of the 2020 drought in France being more significant than 2018 based on CO2 anomalies, and large reductions in pollutants and CO2 gradients observed in Paris during the 2020 COVID lockdown compared to prior years.
AIR POLLUTION IMPACT ON ENVIRONMENT IN KOZHIKODE CITYIRJET Journal
The document analyzes air pollution levels in the city of Kozhikode, India before, during, and after COVID-19 lockdowns. It finds that levels of particulate matter and other pollutants decreased during lockdowns when traffic and industrial activity were reduced but increased again after lockdowns ended as normal activity resumed. The study concludes that vehicles and industries are major contributors to air pollution in Kozhikode and recommends actions like promoting electric vehicles and renewable energy to improve air quality.
AIR POLLUTION IMPACT ON ENVIRONMENT IN KOZHIKODE CITYIRJET Journal
This document analyzes air pollution in Kozhikode City, India. It finds that strong population growth and increased waste, vehicles, and industry have led to worsening air quality. The study examines air pollutant levels in Kozhikode using data from the Pollution Control Board. It analyzes data from 2019-2021 during pre-lockdown, lockdown, and post-lockdown periods of the COVID-19 pandemic. The lockdown reduced traffic and industrial activities, decreasing air pollution temporarily. Particulate matter, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, and ammonia levels fluctuated over time. Vehicle emissions and industrial activities were major contributors to air pollution, which worsened air quality and health. Str
Ground-based remote sensing networks like TCCON and NDACC measure greenhouse gases like CO2, CH4, and N2O in the atmosphere using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. These high precision measurements are important for validating satellite measurements of greenhouse gases. Satellite measurements are becoming more abundant but need validation against these ground-based reference networks. The Sentinel-5 Precursor satellite has been validated against TCCON, showing a small bias that is within mission requirements for CH4 and CO measurements. Smoothing effects were also investigated when using different a priori profiles in the validation.
SIMULATION OF ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTANTS DISPERSION IN AN URBAN ENVIRONMENTAM Publications
Interest in air pollution investigation of urban environment due to existence of industrial and commercial activities along with vehicular emission and existence of buildings and streets which setup natural barrier for pollutant dispersion in the urban environment has increased. The air pollution modelling is a multidisciplinary subject when the entire cities are taken under consideration where urban planning and geometries are complex which needs a large software packages to be developed like Operational Street Pollution Model (OSPM), California Line Source model (CALINE series) etc. On overviewing various works it can be summarized that the air pollutant dispersion in urban street canyons and all linked phenomenon such as wind flow, pollutant concentrations, temperature distribution etc. generally depend on wind speed and direction, building heights and density, road width, source and intensity of air pollution, meteorological variables like temperature, humidity etc. A unique and surprising case is observed every time on numerous combinations of these factors. The main aim of this study is to simulate the atmospheric pollutant dispersion for given pollutant like carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide and given atmospheric conditions like wind speed and direction. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation for analysing the atmospheric pollutant dispersion is done after natural airflow analysis. Volume rendering is done for variables such as phase 2 volume fraction and velocity with resolution as 250 pixels per inch and transparency as 20%. It can be observed that all the three pollutant namely nitrogen dioxide, sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide the phase 2 volume fraction changes from 0 to 1. The wind velocity changes from 3.395×10-13 m/s to 1.692×102 m/s. The dispersion of pollutants follow the sequence Sulphur dioxide>Carbon monoxide>Nitrogen dioxide.
Inkjet printed graphene-based flexible humidity sensor for environmental appl...Conference Papers
This document summarizes research on an inkjet-printed graphene-based flexible humidity sensor. Key points:
- Researchers from MIMOS Berhad developed a humidity sensor consisting of an interdigitated electrode made from reduced graphene oxide and silver nanoparticle ink, with graphene oxide as the sensing material, printed on a flexible polyethylene terephthalate substrate.
- The graphene oxide sensing material's dielectric constant changes with humidity, allowing the sensor to detect humidity levels based on capacitance measurements.
- Testing showed the sensor achieved a highest sensitivity of 0.15pF/%RH at 50°C, with a linear response at low humidity and exponential increase above 60%RH. It also demonstrated good temperature dependence below
Assessment of automobile induced pollution in an urbanAlexander Decker
The International Institute for Science, Technology and Education (IISTE). Science, Technology and Medicine Journals Call for Academic Manuscripts
Similar to Pieber, Simone: Simulations of atmospheric CO₂ and δ¹³C-CO₂ compared to real-time observations at the high altitude station Jungfraujoch (20)
This project received funding from the EMPIR programme and European Union's Horizon 2020 programme. It aims to establish new traceability for radon metrology quantities used in climate observation and radiation protection. Key targets are developing new calibration services, validating current radon models with traceable measurements, providing dynamic radon maps for research and regulation, and facilitating adoption of new measurement infrastructure. The project has resulted in several publications establishing new radon standards and measurement methods.
The document discusses two wind measurement instruments: the Wind Ranger 100/200 Doppler lidar and uSonic-3 Class A MP and Cage MP ultrasonic anemometers. The Wind Ranger is a compact Doppler lidar that can measure the 3D wind vector with high spatial and temporal resolution up to 200m in height. The uSonic-3 instruments use multiple measurement paths, including three vertical paths, to measure wind and turbulence with minimized shadow effects and flow distortion while offering various output options, flexible operation, internal data storage, and online monitoring.
This document discusses addressing forest canopy decoupling on a global scale. It provides background on decoupling, which occurs when there is insufficient mixing of air masses above and below the forest canopy. This can bias carbon flux measurements made above the canopy. The document outlines a global decoupling synthesis study involving over 30 forest sites. Preliminary results show decoupling occurs at all sites and is influenced by atmospheric conditions, canopy properties, and surrounding topography. Topography in particular can impact flow patterns and cause horizontal advection during decoupled periods. In conclusion, complementary below-canopy measurements are recommended to better understand decoupling and its effects on carbon flux estimates.
This study examined how drought impacts water and carbon exchange in Scots pine forests across boreal and temperate climate zones. The researchers used the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) to determine drought conditions at six Scots pine forest sites representing a range of climates. They found that prolonged drought, even over multiple summers, reduced the carbon uptake and increased the water use efficiency of the pine forests. Specifically, they observed a reduction in the assimilation rate and annual carbon sequestration at one temperate forest site after an extreme drought in 2015. Linking long-term SPEI data to on-site flux and soil measurements helped explain the forest ecosystem responses to drought across different climatic
The document summarizes testing of the Picarro G4301 Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy Analyzer for measuring CO2, CH4, and H2O. Tests at a metrology laboratory found the instrument has short-term precision of 0.1 ppm for CO2 and 0.24 ppb for CH4. Long-term repeatability over 30 days was 0.08 ppm for CO2 and 0.22 ppb for CH4. The instrument was stable against varying humidity, temperature, and pressure within specifications. A comparison to a reference instrument found good agreement. Field users appreciated the portable design and reliability of the instrument for ecological and industrial applications requiring precision of 2 ppm for CO2
The document summarizes the Baltic Sea Action Group's Carbon Action project which aims to promote regenerative agriculture in Finland. The project establishes carbon action farms and verification systems to measure soil carbon sequestration. Regenerative farming techniques like minimal tilling, organic amendments, and cover crops can store more carbon in soils, reduce emissions, and support biodiversity. The project communicates these practices to farmers, companies, decision makers and scientists through an online platform and course to advance carbon removal and climate change mitigation through healthy agricultural soils.
This document describes methods to improve machine learning reconstructions of ocean carbon dioxide (pCO2) by incorporating physical knowledge. It presents two methods: (1) reconstructing the pCO2 residual by removing the temperature component, focusing the model on other drivers; and (2) using ocean biogeochemical models as a prior and training a machine learning model to estimate the climatological misfit between models and observations, allowing extension of reconstructions back to 1959. Both methods showed improved performance over original models in independent evaluation data, with the climatological correction approach capturing most of the improvement. The techniques demonstrate how physical knowledge can enhance machine learning reconstructions of pCO2.
This document presents research on the impact of below-canopy and above-canopy air mass decoupling on carbon dioxide exchange in a temperate floodplain forest. The study measured CO2 fluxes above and below the forest canopy from 2015-2020 at a site in Lanžhot, Czech Republic. While decoupling between the layers occurred regularly, the analysis found no significant effect of decoupling on the annual net ecosystem carbon exchange derived from above-canopy measurements. The flat terrain around the study site likely inhibited the removal of carbon-rich air, minimizing any bias from decoupling over longer time scales.
This document discusses using outdoor radon concentration and radon flux data for radiation protection applications. It provides background information on typical indoor and outdoor radon levels, as well as radon flux. The document outlines legal requirements for identifying Radon Priority Areas where radon levels are expected to exceed reference levels. It discusses different methods for developing radon maps to identify these areas, including using statistics, geostatistics, and machine learning on indoor radon data and other geogenic parameters like outdoor radon and radon flux. The goal of the traceRadon project is to improve methods for identifying Radon Priority Areas using outdoor radon and radon flux data. The document also discusses using gamma dose rate measurements to identify radon wash
This document summarizes one year of aircraft vertical profile measurements of CO2, CH4, and CO in tropical East Africa from September 2018 to April 2021. Over 200 vertical profiles were collected across Uganda, characterizing large-scale enhancements in all three gases that varied seasonally and with latitude. The measurements found higher tracer-tracer ratios near urban areas and observed impacts from wet/dry seasonality and biomass burning. Challenges included data gaps due to COVID, internet outages, and permitting issues. The dataset is available for evaluating satellite retrievals and biomass burning and emission models over Africa.
The document describes an investigation of the Suess effect in the surface waters of the Southern Indian Ocean between 1998 and 2021 using carbon isotope data. Key findings include:
1) Application of an extended multiple linear regression model to the data detected anthropogenic changes to both dissolved inorganic carbon and carbon isotope ratios, with a rate of increase in anthropogenic carbon of 0.8 μmol/kg/yr and rate of decrease in carbon isotope ratios (Suess effect) of 0.011‰/yr.
2) The rates of change estimated by the regression model were similar to rates estimated from observed regional trends over the study period, suggesting only small impacts from natural variability.
3) A strong linear relationship was
This document summarizes a study estimating the spatial variability of carbon cycle components in Helsinki, Finland using the SUEWS modelling tool. The study found that CO2 emissions from human metabolism accounted for 45% of local anthropogenic emissions, while net biogenic CO2 exchange accounted for 25% of anthropogenic emissions. Spatial maps showed traffic emissions were concentrated along ring roads, building heating emissions in residential areas, and human metabolism emissions in city centers. Vegetation uptake and emissions from human metabolism were comparable to or exceeded emissions from traffic and building heating in some areas of Helsinki.
This study measured CO2 fluxes and water turbulence in Jade Bay, Germany during winter to better understand how these parameters influence air-sea CO2 exchange. Researchers used a floating chamber method and infrared gas analyzer to measure the gas transfer velocity (k) and acoustic instruments to measure turbulent kinetic energy (TKE). Preliminary results found only a weak correlation between wind speed and TKE, and no significant correlation between wind speed and k. Further analysis will test for correlations between k and TKE and compare different instruments' TKE measurements, to improve models of air-sea CO2 flux.
This document discusses the Greenhouse gas Observations of Biospheric and Local Emissions from the Upper sky (GOBLEU) project. The project aims to monitor Japan's climate mitigation progress using high-resolution greenhouse gas measurements from instruments installed on commercial airliners. Initial results show GOBLEU can observe nitric oxide concentrations over cities at finer scales than satellites. Comparisons to ground-based data find GOBLEU measurements correlate well, particularly in the megacity of Nagoya where satellite data correlates less. Future work includes more frequent flights and observations of solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence over forested areas to monitor carbon sinks.
This document summarizes research measuring stable isotopologues of water and carbon dioxide in the Amazon rainforest to better understand land-atmosphere exchange processes. Laser spectrometry was used to measure isotopic composition and fluxes at high temporal resolution. Preliminary results showed daytime CO2 uptake enriching ambient air in carbon-13, and water vapor fluxes originating from evaporated, fractionated sources similar to root water. Further analysis will include laboratory analysis of leaf, soil, and air samples to partition fluxes, as well as isotope modeling to integrate effects and fluxes. The goal is to describe turbulent exchange processes at small scales to improve understanding of this complex system.
MethaneSAT is a new satellite funded by donations that aims to measure methane emissions globally to help reduce them. Its high resolution could allow detecting diffuse agricultural emissions for the first time from space. New Zealand's researchers will help develop methods to measure agricultural methane using MethaneSAT data. They will test these methods with measurement campaigns in New Zealand, where agriculture is a major source of methane emissions. The goal is to then apply this capability to measure methane from livestock and rice farming globally.
The document discusses LI-COR's trace gas analyzer platform and its applications. The platform uses optical feedback cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy and can measure methane, carbon dioxide, and nitrous oxide. It is designed for flexibility in field research. Applications discussed include measuring soil gas fluxes, long-term atmospheric monitoring, urban and mobile emission monitoring, measuring pCO2 in seawater, and profiling gas storage fluxes.
Radon is a useful tracer gas for estimating greenhouse gas emissions and reducing uncertainties in atmospheric transport models. However, current radon measurement techniques have inconsistencies that limit their usefulness. This study proposes a standardized protocol for radon data processing to harmonize measurements across sites and over time. Applying time response corrections to radon detector outputs from two UK sites improved correlations with methane concentrations and allowed more frequent flux estimations in atmospheric transport models. The standardized protocol has potential to better utilize radon measurements for quantifying greenhouse gas emissions.
A large windthrow event in 2007 turned a former old spruce forest (DE-Hzd) into a net CO2 source for 11 years until 2017. Compared to an undisturbed old spruce forest (DE-Tha), the disturbed forest was a weaker carbon sink from 2018-2021, absorbing only 21% as much carbon. In total, the windthrow caused the disturbed forest to lose an estimated 288 tons of carbon per hectare from 2010-2021. Parallel monitoring revealed both the duration and magnitude of carbon loss following the disturbance.
This document summarizes research using eddy covariance flux tower measurements to quantify greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from cities. Flux towers can directly measure CO2 and other gas fluxes continuously over urban areas. When combined with trace gas measurements and footprint modeling, flux data can be decomposed to separate biological from fossil-fuel derived CO2 fluxes. Comparisons of decomposed flux data to high-resolution urban GHG emissions inventories like Hestia show good agreement, validating the inventories. Flux towers also reveal active photosynthesis in urban turf grasses, highlighting needs to represent different urban vegetation types. Accounting for variations in rural biogenic fluxes is also important for isolating urban anthropogenic emissions.
More from Integrated Carbon Observation System (ICOS) (20)
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptxMAGOTI ERNEST
Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...University of Maribor
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intelligent Systems.
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best.
Conducted over a period of >200 years, Thermodynamics R&D, and application, benefitted from the highest levels of professionalism, collaboration, and technical thoroughness. New layers of application, methodology, and practice were made possible by the progressive advance of technology. In turn, this has seen measurement and modelling accuracy continually improved at a micro and macro level.
Perhaps most importantly, Thermodynamics rapidly became a primary tool in the advance of applied science/engineering/technology, spanning micro-tech, to aerospace and cosmology. I can think of no better a story to illustrate the breadth of scientific methodologies and applications at their best.
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptxPRIYANKA PATEL
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
Current Ms word generated power point presentation covers major details about the micronuclei test. It's significance and assays to conduct it. It is used to detect the micronuclei formation inside the cells of nearly every multicellular organism. It's formation takes place during chromosomal sepration at metaphase.
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defectsSérgio Sacani
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically youngSérgio Sacani
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
ESPP presentation to EU Waste Water Network, 4th June 2024 “EU policies driving nutrient removal and recycling
and the revised UWWTD (Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive)”
Travis Hills' Endeavors in Minnesota: Fostering Environmental and Economic Pr...Travis Hills MN
Travis Hills of Minnesota developed a method to convert waste into high-value dry fertilizer, significantly enriching soil quality. By providing farmers with a valuable resource derived from waste, Travis Hills helps enhance farm profitability while promoting environmental stewardship. Travis Hills' sustainable practices lead to cost savings and increased revenue for farmers by improving resource efficiency and reducing waste.
4. Simone.Pieber@empa.ch – Laboratory for Air Pollution and Environmental Technology ICOS Science Conference 2020 Page 4Page 4Simone.Pieber@empa.ch – Laboratory for Air Pollution and Environmental Technology ICOS Science Conference 2020
Outline
Methods:
(a) Quantum Cascade Laser Absorption Spectroscopy
(b) Atmospheric simulations
I. Decadal trend &
seasonality of
CO2, δ13C and δ18O
observations
II. CO2 simulations at JFJ:
contributions per
process, plant and fuel type
III. δ13C-CO2
simulation estimates
vs. observations
8. Simone.Pieber@empa.ch – Laboratory for Air Pollution and Environmental Technology ICOS Science Conference 2020 Page 8Page 8Simone.Pieber@empa.ch – Laboratory for Air Pollution and Environmental Technology ICOS Science Conference 2020
I. Decadal Trend & Seasonalityδ18O,‰CO2,ppmδ13C,‰
380400420-2-1012
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
-10.0-9.0-8.0-7.0
-0.50.00.5
J F M A M J J A S O N D
-0.4-0.20.00.20.4-505
January to December, mean±1SD
(2009-2017)
August
April
June
highly time-resolved measurments (10-min),
from 2009 to 2017
+2.31 ppm yr-1
-0.03 ‰ yr-1
+0.00 ‰ yr-1
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 J F M A M J J A S O N D
Δ=9.9 ppm
Δ=0.47 ‰
Δ=0.73 ‰
9. Simone.Pieber@empa.ch – Laboratory for Air Pollution and Environmental Technology ICOS Science Conference 2020 Page 9Page 9Simone.Pieber@empa.ch – Laboratory for Air Pollution and Environmental Technology ICOS Science Conference 2020
II. «Regional signal»: shorter-term CO2 variationsΔCO2,ppm
CO2 event characterisation:
(1) Intensity and frequency of events
(2) Geographic origin of events
(3) Source composition of events
a) Model simulations
b) Isotopic composition
A B C D E F G H I
5101520253035
ΔCO2,ppm
Local
Pollution
ΔCO2>5 ppm (Oct-Apr) as function of
residence time clusters
North-
West
Central
Europe
West
South-
West
South
-East
East
(2) Intensity & Geographic Origin(1) Intensity & Frequency
ΔCO2
frequency Oct-Apr,
days yr-1
avg. min-max
>5 ppm 35 18-53
>10 ppm 9.7 2-21
>15 ppm 4.2 1-6
10. Simone.Pieber@empa.ch – Laboratory for Air Pollution and Environmental Technology ICOS Science Conference 2020 Page 10Page 10Simone.Pieber@empa.ch – Laboratory for Air Pollution and Environmental Technology ICOS Science Conference 2020
II. CO2 simulation vs. observation
420
400
380
CO2,ppm
420
400
380
FLEXPART-COSMO
STILT-ECMWF
OBS
SIM+BG
BG
REGIONAL
SIGNAL
TOTAL SIGNAL =
REGIONAL SIGNAL + BACKGROUND
11. Simone.Pieber@empa.ch – Laboratory for Air Pollution and Environmental Technology ICOS Science Conference 2020 Page 11Page 11Simone.Pieber@empa.ch – Laboratory for Air Pollution and Environmental Technology ICOS Science Conference 2020
II. CO2 simulation vs. observation
420
400
380
CO2,ppm
420
400
380
FLEXPART-COSMO
STILT-ECMWF
OBS
SIM+BG
BG
TOTAL SIGNAL =
REGIONAL SIGNAL + BACKGROUND
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
slope
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
r2
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
RMSE
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
slope
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
r2
a
b
c
a-2
b-2
STILT-
ECMWF
FLEXPART-
COSMO
STILT-
ECMWF
FLEXPART-
COSMO
all year
DJF-winter
MAM-spring
JJA-summer
SON-autumn
REGIONAL
SIGNAL
TOTAL
SIGNAL
1.8 – 2.8 ppm
12. Simone.Pieber@empa.ch – Laboratory for Air Pollution and Environmental Technology ICOS Science Conference 2020 Page 12Page 12Simone.Pieber@empa.ch – Laboratory for Air Pollution and Environmental Technology ICOS Science Conference 2020
-5.5
-4.5
-3.5
-2.5
-1.5
-0.5
0.5
1.5
2.5
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
regionalCO2,ppm
month of year
II. CO2 simulation vs. observation
REGIONAL
SIGNAL
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
anthropoenic,ppm
month of year
0
1
2
3
4
5
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
respiration,ppm
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
gee,ppm
month of year
ANTHROPOGENIC CO2
RESPIRATION
«UPTAKE»
May - SeptJan - Apr Oct - Dec
13. Simone.Pieber@empa.ch – Laboratory for Air Pollution and Environmental Technology ICOS Science Conference 2020 Page 13Page 13Simone.Pieber@empa.ch – Laboratory for Air Pollution and Environmental Technology ICOS Science Conference 2020
Example for 2013, https://stilt.icos-cp.eu/viewer/
CO2.fuel
CO2.net.biosphere
CO2.biospheric.respiration («RESP»)
CO2.photosynthetic.uptake («GEE»)
CO2.cement
CO2,ppm
GROSS RESPIRATION:
primarily cropland and mixed forests
II. CO2 simulations by fuel and process
Light & Heavy OIL
GAS
COAL
BIOMASS
RelativeContribution
2009-2017
CEMENT
14. Simone.Pieber@empa.ch – Laboratory for Air Pollution and Environmental Technology ICOS Science Conference 2020 Page 14Page 14Simone.Pieber@empa.ch – Laboratory for Air Pollution and Environmental Technology ICOS Science Conference 2020
fuel
formation
biomass is
strongly depleted
in 13C compared
to atmosphere
Ecosystem Respiration
(CO2 Source)
Photosynthetic Uptake
(CO2 Sink)
fossil and biogenic fueles
are consequently also
strongly depleted in 13C
compared to atmosphere
LAND
OCEANS
ATMOSPHERE
Fuel burning
(CO2 Emission)
using diverse fuels
and processes
(natural wildfires)
e.g.,
δ13C ~ -22‰ C3-Plants, dry
δ13C ~ -37‰ C3-Plants, tropical
δ13C ~ -12‰ C4-Plants
Respiration CO2
Fuel Burning CO2
e.g.,
δ13C ~ -24‰ coal
δ13C ~ -27‰ oil
δ13C ~ -44‰ gas
Atmospheric CO2
e.g., free troposphere or
marine boundary layer
δ13C= ~ -8.5‰
III. δ13C simulation
15. Simone.Pieber@empa.ch – Laboratory for Air Pollution and Environmental Technology ICOS Science Conference 2020 Page 15Page 15Simone.Pieber@empa.ch – Laboratory for Air Pollution and Environmental Technology ICOS Science Conference 2020
III. δ13C simulation
δ13Ces
Literature-
compilation
FOSSIL FUELS
OIL (liquid) -26.5‰
OIL_heavy
OIL_light
OIL_mixed
GAS (gas) -44.0‰
GAS_natural
GAS_derived
COAL (solid) -24.1‰
COAL_hard
COAL_brown
COAL_peat
BIOGENIC FUELS
BIOMASS (solid) -24.1‰
BIOGAS (gas) -60.0‰
BIOFUEL (liquid) -26.5‰
OTHER SOURCES
OTHER_solid (solid) -25‰
CEMENT -0‰
ECOSYSTEM (w/seasonality)
BIOSPHERE RESPIRATION -27 to -22‰
PHOTOSYNTHETIC UPTAKE -25 to -20‰
δmixed_es_sim = Σ(|fes_sim, i| × δes, i) / Σ(|fes_sim, i|)
FLEXPART-COSMO
CO2 subcategories
(in ppm)
Literature based
δ13Cemissions_signature in ‰
δambient_sim = [(fb×δb) + (Σ(fes_sim, i)×δmixed_es_sim)] / [fb+Σ(fes_sim, i)]
Background assumptions for the model
(CO2 and δ13C)
δmixed_es_sim
References:
Vardag et al., 2015
Vardag et al., 2016
16. Simone.Pieber@empa.ch – Laboratory for Air Pollution and Environmental Technology ICOS Science Conference 2020 Page 16Page 16Simone.Pieber@empa.ch – Laboratory for Air Pollution and Environmental Technology ICOS Science Conference 2020
III. δ13Cambient simulation vs. observation
400410420-9.5-9.0-8.5
Background
Pollution
CO2,ppmδ13C,‰
15th October 2015
00:00 08:00 16:00 00:00
-9.6-9.2-8.8-8.
00:00 04:00 08:00 12:00 16:00 20:00 00:00
d13C sim w / GPP
d13C sim w /o GPP
d13C obs
δambient,‰
observation
simulation (v1)
simulation (v2)
a
b g
f
d i
hc
je
FLEXPART-COSMO
winter,
DJF
spring,
MAM
summer,
JJA
autumn,
SON
STILT-ECMWF
all
year
regional CO2 observation
regionalCO2simulation
δambient,‰
17. Simone.Pieber@empa.ch – Laboratory for Air Pollution and Environmental Technology ICOS Science Conference 2020 Page 17Page 17Simone.Pieber@empa.ch – Laboratory for Air Pollution and Environmental Technology ICOS Science Conference 2020
Summary
THANK YOU!
Nine years of highly time-resolved
QCLAS measurements of atmospheric CO2, δ13C and δ18O
at the high alpine measurement site Jungfraujoch.
Nine years of CO2 simulations with 2 models:
FLEXPART-COSMO and STILT-ECMWF.
Simulated regional CO2 components at Jungfraujoch
dominated by biosphere respiration and uptake.
Best agreement of CO2 and δ13C-CO2 simulation with
observations is achieved in spring, autumn and winter,
larger discrepancies in summer.
Acknowledgements
HFSJG – High Altitude Research Stations Jungfraujoch & Gornergrat
Swiss National Science Foundation (ICOS-CH Phase 2) and
Swiss Federal Office for the Environment (BAFU) for supporting the Swiss RINGO activities
Atmosphere Open-Access Journal for my post-doctoral travel award 2020
SIMONE.PIEBER@EMPA.CH
18. Simone.Pieber@empa.ch – Laboratory for Air Pollution and Environmental Technology ICOS Science Conference 2020 Page 18
QCLAS for in-situ stable CO2 isotope measurements
Nelson DD, et al. 2008: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00340-007-2894-1
Tuzson B, et al, 2008a: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00340-008-3085-4
Tuzson B, et al, 2008b: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infrared.2007.05.006
Tuzson B, et al, 2011: https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-1685-2011
Sturm P, et al, 2013: https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-6-1659-2013
STILT-ECMWF
Lin JC, et al, 2003: https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD003161
Trusilova K, et al, 2010: https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-3205-2010
Vardag SN, et al, 2016: https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4237-2016
Kountouris P, et al, 2018: https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-3047-2018
FLEXPART-COSMO
Stohl A, et al, 2005: https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-2461-2005
Baldauf, M et al, 2011: https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-10-05013.1
Henne S, et al, 2016: https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-3683-2016
Pisso I, et al, 2019: https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-4955-2019
Anthropogenic emissions inventory (EDGAR)
Janssens-Maenhout G, et al, 2019: https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-959-2019
Vegetation Photosynthesis and Respiration Model (VPRM)
Mahadevan P, et al, 2008: https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GB002735
Gerbig Ch., online at:
https://www.bgc-jena.mpg.de/bgc-systems/index.php/Staff/GerbigChristoph
CarboScope
Rödenbeck Ch., online at: https://www.bgc-jena.mpg.de/CarboScope/
δ13C-CO2 source signatures
e.g.,
CDIAC, online at https://cdiac.ess-dive.lbl.gov/
Vardag SN, et al, 2015 : https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-12705-2015
Vardag SN, et al, 2016. : https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4237-2016
BIBLIOGRAPHY
19. Simone.Pieber@empa.ch – Laboratory for Air Pollution and Environmental Technology ICOS Science Conference 2020 Page 19Page 19Simone.Pieber@empa.ch – Laboratory for Air Pollution and Environmental Technology ICOS Science Conference 2020
BONUS SLIDES
20. Simone.Pieber@empa.ch – Laboratory for Air Pollution and Environmental Technology ICOS Science Conference 2020 Page 20Page 20Simone.Pieber@empa.ch – Laboratory for Air Pollution and Environmental Technology ICOS Science Conference 2020
Keeling plot intercept method
0.4-0.2-0.8400410420-9.5-9.0-8.5
Background
Pollution
δ18O,‰CO2,ppmδ13C,‰
15th October 2015
00:00 08:00 16:00 00:00
δ18O Signature
at 1/CO2=0:
-20.0 (±1.7) ‰
Pollution
Background
1/CO2, ppm-1
0.00235 0.00245 0.00255
δ18O,‰
-0.5-1.0-1.50.00.5
Pollution
Background
δ13C Signature
at 1/CO2=0:
-39.3 (±1.3) ‰
1/CO2, ppm-1
0.00235 0.00245 0.00255
δ13C,‰
-9.5-8.5-8.0-10.0-9.0
21. Simone.Pieber@empa.ch – Laboratory for Air Pollution and Environmental Technology ICOS Science Conference 2020 Page 21Page 21Simone.Pieber@empa.ch – Laboratory for Air Pollution and Environmental Technology ICOS Science Conference 2020
CO2,ppm
-10.0-9.0-8.0-7.0
δ13C,‰
-2-1012
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
δ18O,‰
380400420
Time Series
GC-FID and IRMS data provided by MPI-BGC Jena (A. Jordan, H. Moossen, M. Rothe)
22. Simone.Pieber@empa.ch – Laboratory for Air Pollution and Environmental Technology ICOS Science Conference 2020 Page 22Page 22Simone.Pieber@empa.ch – Laboratory for Air Pollution and Environmental Technology ICOS Science Conference 2020
380 390 400 410 420
38039040041042
-9.5 -9.0 -8.5 -8.0 -7.5
-9.5-9.0-8.5-8.0-7.
-1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0
-1.0-0.50.00.51.0
δ18O-CO2,‰CO2, ppm
QCLAS
δ13C-CO2, ‰
GC-FID IRMS
n=151
slope (se) = 0.98 (0.01)
n=141
slope (se) = 1.01 (0.11)
n=138
slope (se) = 1.00 (0.04)
IRMS
Comparison QCLAS vs IRMS and GC-FID, 2009-2017
GC-FID and IRMS data provided by MPI-BGC Jena (A. Jordan, H. Moossen, M. Rothe)
23. Simone.Pieber@empa.ch – Laboratory for Air Pollution and Environmental Technology ICOS Science Conference 2020 Page 23Page 23Simone.Pieber@empa.ch – Laboratory for Air Pollution and Environmental Technology ICOS Science Conference 2020
1. perform calculations:
STILT on-demand calculator
https://stilt.icos-cp.eu/worker/
2. view calculations:
STILT results visualisation:
https://stilt.icos-cp.eu/viewer/
3. analyze simulations output:
contact CP (U. Karstens) &
use Jupyter Notebooks
Atmospheric Transport Simulations at CP
JFJ
24. Simone.Pieber@empa.ch – Laboratory for Air Pollution and Environmental Technology ICOS Science Conference 2020 Page 24Page 24Simone.Pieber@empa.ch – Laboratory for Air Pollution and Environmental Technology ICOS Science Conference 2020
FLEXPART-COSMO
Empa, w/ inventory input from ICOS Carbon Portal & JRC
Transport Simulation w/ FLEXPART-COSMO
• FLEXPART (Lagrangian Particle Dispersion Model)
• COSMO (Numerical weather forecast model)
• CO2 Emissions and Transport Simulation
Emissions
• EDGARv4.3fuel (Emission Database from JRC)
fuel categories:
fossil: oil, coal, gas
biogenic: biofuels, biomass, biogas
others: peat- and wild-fires,
waste-as-industry-fuel
• VPRM
(Vegetation Photosynthesis and Respiration Model)
output:
biospheric respiration
photosynthetic uptake
• Literature based δ13C emissions signatures
Residence Time Clustering
25. Simone.Pieber@empa.ch – Laboratory for Air Pollution and Environmental Technology ICOS Science Conference 2020 Page 25Page 25Simone.Pieber@empa.ch – Laboratory for Air Pollution and Environmental Technology ICOS Science Conference 2020
E2
E4 E3
E1
STILT-ECMWF
FLEXPART-ECMWF
FLEXPART-COSMO
FLEXPART-ECMWF.cropped
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
(i) E1 vs E2 (ii) E3 vs E2 (iii) E1 vs E4 (iv) E3 vs E4
slope
7PFT
cropland
mixed forest
5PFT
a
b
c
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
(i) E1 vs E2 (ii) E3 vs E2 (iii) E1 vs E4 (iv) E3 vs E4
r2
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
(i) E1 vs E2 (ii) E3 vs E2 (iii) E1 vs E4 (iv) E3 vs E4
BRMS
26. Simone.Pieber@empa.ch – Laboratory for Air Pollution and Environmental Technology ICOS Science Conference 2020 Page 26Page 26Simone.Pieber@empa.ch – Laboratory for Air Pollution and Environmental Technology ICOS Science Conference 2020
STILT-
ECMWF
FLEXPART-
ECMWF
FLEXPART-
COSMO
FLEXPART-
ECMWF.
cropped
E1 E2 E3 E4
winter
summer
winter
summer
winter
summer
winter
summer
all year all year all year all year
syntheticCO2(ppm)
time in UTC+1
summer