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Moonen, Robbert: First results of CO2 and H2O isotope-Flux Measurements in the Amazonia rainforest during the dry season
1. 1
Isotopologue Flux Measurements
in the Amazon Rainforest
Constraining the land-Atmosphere exchange of H2O and CO2
using flux measurements of stable isotopologues
2. Land Atmosphere exchange
Radiative and turbulent
1. Driven by solar radiation
2. Gradients in atmospheric surface layer
3. Turbulent exchange due to buoyancy
4. Governed by many processes at surface
Seems to be well understood;
What is the issue?
3. Problems:
Complexity
3
• Non – linear processes
• Interdependent (error accumulation)
• Feedbacks (clouds)
• Superpositions need partitioning
CloudRoots Philosophy:
Describe processes and turbulent
exchange at small spatial and
temporal resolutions with advanced
in situ measurements and modelling.
4. Amazon Rainforrest
The facts;
4
CO2
• Biosphere is main sink & source of atmospheric CO2
• Amazon Rainforest is key contributor
H2O
• Precipitation up to 3600 mm year-1 locally
• Forrest recycles rain water
General
• ~400 billion trees
• 50 % of all earths rainforest
5. Stable isotopologues
What can we learn?
5
• Natural tracers in
exchange processes
• Fractionation (Change in Ratio)
• Evaporation fractionation:
• 18O equilibrates in stomata between
CO2 and H2O
18
7. Measurement setup
On ATTO tower
7
• Micromet & high-frequency laser spectrometry
• Heated, turbulent & short inlet
no exchange & independent samples
• Isotopic composition & fluxes
Smaller footprint
Source composition
Allows for partitioning to gross fluxes
• CloudRoots:
Integrated measurements at soil and leaf level,
radiation, boundary layer etc.
8. Operation
of laser spectrometers
• Lab instruments
• Harsh climate for
any device
Enclosure for
instruments and
calibration systems
Enclosures provide:
Weatherproofing
Active drying
CO2 free air (for CO2 instrument)
Temperature stabilization
15. Source composition
Of H2O flux
• Sources enriched due to
evaporation
fractionation
• Value similar to root water
• Gradient in e.g. 𝜹18O
16. Further analysis
16
1. Lab analysis of the isotopic composition of leaf, soil & air samples
Allows for partitioning when combined with isotope fluxes.
2. Minute scale isotope fluxes using scintillometer (path integrated flux)
3. Integration of isotope effects and fluxes in column and LES models
17. The end
17
Thanks for your attention,
And the regards of the Amazonian locals!
Thanks to:
• INPA, Max Planck Jena &
Max Planck Mains for
allowing us to make use of
their facilities.
• Max planck Jena team for
scientific support
• ATTO tower employees for
extensive practical support
and keeping us alive.