This document provides an overview of taxonomy and the classification of life. It discusses the early development of taxonomy from Aristotle through Linnaeus and the establishment of the binomial nomenclature system. It also describes how Darwin's theory of evolution influenced taxonomy by establishing that classification should reflect evolutionary relationships and shared ancestry. Modern taxonomy incorporates various lines of evidence including morphology, embryology, biochemistry, and molecular data to reconstruct evolutionary history and classify organisms appropriately.
Sponges are the simplest multi-cellular organisms and lack true tissues. They feed by filtering water through pores and canals lined with collar cells called choanocytes. The beating flagella of choanocytes create water currents that pull water through the sponge, trapping food particles on mucus or phagocytizing them. Most sponges consume bacteria by filtering enormous volumes of water through their bodies, with some also hosting symbiotic algae or other microbes.
Bivalves are the second largest class of mollusks, including clams, oysters, mussels and scallops. They have two shells hinged together, and a mantle and tissues in between. Most are filter feeders that draw in water and trap food particles to feed and breathe. They reproduce sexually, with external fertilization leading to larval stages before settling into the adult shell form. Bivalves live in aquatic habitats worldwide and have diverse lifestyles including burying in sediment, attaching to surfaces, or boring into hard substrates.
In this Presentation, Phylum Platyhelminth, Flatworms is described. After watching this you will learn the characteristics of Phylum Platyhelminthes, Class Turbellaria, Body wall, locomotion, Digestion, Nutrition,Exchanges with the Environment, Nervous and Sensory Functions,Reproduction and Development.
Class Trematoda, Body wall, Subcass, Aspidogastrea, Digenea, Flukes, Lifecycle, Some Important Trematode Parasites of Humans, Chinese liver fluke, Clonorchis sinensis, Fasciola hepatica, sheep liver fluke, Schistosomes and blood flukes. Class Monogenea and Class Cestoidea, tapeworms, Segmented worms, strobili, Some Important Tapeworm Parasites of Humans, beef tapeworm Taeniarhynchus saginatus, broad fish tapeworm and Diphyllobothrium latum, Maintenance of Functions, Reproduction, example and taxonomy of Phylum Platyhelminths. It is part of BS Zoology Course Animal diversity
This document provides information about the characteristics of animals and describes several animal phyla. It begins by defining animals as eukaryotic, multicellular, heterotrophic organisms that ingest nutrients and digest food internally. It then discusses invertebrate phyla including sponges, cnidarians, molluscs, flatworms, annelids, roundworms, and arthropods, providing details on key characteristics and examples for each. It also addresses animal phylogeny and classification.
1. The document provides an overview of the phylum Cnidaria, which includes jellyfish, corals, and hydroids.
2. Cnidarians are radially or biradially symmetrical and have stinging cells called nematocysts. They exhibit a diploblastic body plan with two tissue layers separated by a gelatinous mesoglea.
3. Many cnidarians alternate between a sessile polyp stage and a motile medusa stage. Reproduction involves external fertilization producing a planula larva.
Phylum Porifera consists of multicellular organisms with pores and no true tissues or organs. They have a porous skeleton made of calcium carbonate, silica, or collagen spicules. Porifera live in aquatic environments and have a simple structure with outer, inner, and pore cell layers. They reproduce both asexually through budding and sexually by releasing eggs and sperm.
The document discusses the phylum Annelida, class Polychaeta. Polychaetes, also known as bristle worms, are segmented worms that live in a variety of marine habitats like the ocean floor, under rocks and shells, or in coral reef crevices. They have appendages called setae or parapodia that function as paddles. While some polychaetes are free-swimming predators or scavengers, others like tube worms live sessile in self-made tubes attached to surfaces. Tube worms extend feathery gills and radioles from their tubes to create water currents for filter feeding.
This document provides an overview of taxonomy and the classification of life. It discusses the early development of taxonomy from Aristotle through Linnaeus and the establishment of the binomial nomenclature system. It also describes how Darwin's theory of evolution influenced taxonomy by establishing that classification should reflect evolutionary relationships and shared ancestry. Modern taxonomy incorporates various lines of evidence including morphology, embryology, biochemistry, and molecular data to reconstruct evolutionary history and classify organisms appropriately.
Sponges are the simplest multi-cellular organisms and lack true tissues. They feed by filtering water through pores and canals lined with collar cells called choanocytes. The beating flagella of choanocytes create water currents that pull water through the sponge, trapping food particles on mucus or phagocytizing them. Most sponges consume bacteria by filtering enormous volumes of water through their bodies, with some also hosting symbiotic algae or other microbes.
Bivalves are the second largest class of mollusks, including clams, oysters, mussels and scallops. They have two shells hinged together, and a mantle and tissues in between. Most are filter feeders that draw in water and trap food particles to feed and breathe. They reproduce sexually, with external fertilization leading to larval stages before settling into the adult shell form. Bivalves live in aquatic habitats worldwide and have diverse lifestyles including burying in sediment, attaching to surfaces, or boring into hard substrates.
In this Presentation, Phylum Platyhelminth, Flatworms is described. After watching this you will learn the characteristics of Phylum Platyhelminthes, Class Turbellaria, Body wall, locomotion, Digestion, Nutrition,Exchanges with the Environment, Nervous and Sensory Functions,Reproduction and Development.
Class Trematoda, Body wall, Subcass, Aspidogastrea, Digenea, Flukes, Lifecycle, Some Important Trematode Parasites of Humans, Chinese liver fluke, Clonorchis sinensis, Fasciola hepatica, sheep liver fluke, Schistosomes and blood flukes. Class Monogenea and Class Cestoidea, tapeworms, Segmented worms, strobili, Some Important Tapeworm Parasites of Humans, beef tapeworm Taeniarhynchus saginatus, broad fish tapeworm and Diphyllobothrium latum, Maintenance of Functions, Reproduction, example and taxonomy of Phylum Platyhelminths. It is part of BS Zoology Course Animal diversity
This document provides information about the characteristics of animals and describes several animal phyla. It begins by defining animals as eukaryotic, multicellular, heterotrophic organisms that ingest nutrients and digest food internally. It then discusses invertebrate phyla including sponges, cnidarians, molluscs, flatworms, annelids, roundworms, and arthropods, providing details on key characteristics and examples for each. It also addresses animal phylogeny and classification.
1. The document provides an overview of the phylum Cnidaria, which includes jellyfish, corals, and hydroids.
2. Cnidarians are radially or biradially symmetrical and have stinging cells called nematocysts. They exhibit a diploblastic body plan with two tissue layers separated by a gelatinous mesoglea.
3. Many cnidarians alternate between a sessile polyp stage and a motile medusa stage. Reproduction involves external fertilization producing a planula larva.
Phylum Porifera consists of multicellular organisms with pores and no true tissues or organs. They have a porous skeleton made of calcium carbonate, silica, or collagen spicules. Porifera live in aquatic environments and have a simple structure with outer, inner, and pore cell layers. They reproduce both asexually through budding and sexually by releasing eggs and sperm.
The document discusses the phylum Annelida, class Polychaeta. Polychaetes, also known as bristle worms, are segmented worms that live in a variety of marine habitats like the ocean floor, under rocks and shells, or in coral reef crevices. They have appendages called setae or parapodia that function as paddles. While some polychaetes are free-swimming predators or scavengers, others like tube worms live sessile in self-made tubes attached to surfaces. Tube worms extend feathery gills and radioles from their tubes to create water currents for filter feeding.
The document discusses the classification of living things. It states that the broadest category is domains, of which there are three - Bacteria, Archaea and Eukarya. Within these domains are six kingdoms - Bacteria, Archaea, Protists, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia. Each kingdom has distinct characteristics, such as Bacteria containing cells with peptidoglycan cell walls, Archaea living in extreme environments, and Animalia being multicellular and heterotrophic.
The phylum Cnidaria includes sea jellies, hydra, coral colonies, sea anemones, sea pens, and sea fans. They are characterized by having radial symmetry, two germ layers, a jelly-like mesoglea layer, an acoelomate body cavity, and specialized stinging cells called cnidocytes. Many species have both a sessile polyp stage and a free-swimming medusa stage. Cnidarians play important ecological roles through food sources, habitat, symbiosis, and wave protection.
1. Flatworms are acoelomate, triploblastic, bilaterally symmetrical organisms classified in the phylum Platyhelminthes.
2. Class Turbellaria contains free-living flatworms like the planarian Dugesia, which have a simple nervous system with anterior ganglia and ventral nerve cords, a complete digestive system with a mouth and blind gut, and a protonephridial excretory system.
3. Turbellarians reproduce both asexually through fission and sexually as simultaneous hermaphrodites, exchanging sperm through direct internal fertilization.
This document provides an overview of invertebrate biology, summarizing key concepts about major invertebrate phyla. It begins with an introduction to invertebrates, then explores the diversity of phyla including sponges, cnidarians, flatworms, rotifers, lophophorates, nemerteans, and molluscs. For each group, it highlights defining anatomical or physiological features, examples of classes within the phylum, and examples of species. The document utilizes tables and diagrams to illustrate concepts and compare phyla. It is a high-level overview intended to introduce students to the diversity of invertebrate life.
Obelia is a colonial marine cnidarian that exists in both a sessile polyp stage and a free-swimming medusa stage. It has a branching structure made of hydrocaulus and hydrorhiza that support gastrozooids for feeding and gonozooids for asexual reproduction. Gonozooids bud numerous small medusae that detach and transition Obelia to its sexual medusa phase, where it reproduces sexually to complete its life cycle.
A. Sponges are the most primitive multicellular animals belonging to Phylum Porifera. They consist of loosely organized cells and lack true tissues. Their bodies have 3 main cell types - pinacocytes forming the outer layer, mesenchyme cells in the jelly-like mesohyl, and choanocytes lining chambers.
B. Sponges have a skeleton that provides support, consisting of either silica or calcium carbonate spicules secreted by mesenchyme cells or spongin fibers. They exist in different forms depending on their branching canal system and water flow.
C. Sponges are filter feeders, using choanocyte flagella to draw water through their
This document discusses three groups of worms: flatworms, roundworms, and segmented worms. Flatworms are flat, ribbon-like organisms that can be free-living or parasitic. Parasitic flatworms include flukes and tapeworms, which infect humans by consuming undercooked meat. Roundworms have long, cylindrical bodies and some are free-living decomposers while others are parasitic. Segmented worms have a segmented body and include earthworms, polychaetes, and leeches.
1. Microevolution leads to genetic differences between populations over time, which can result in new species through macroevolution if enough differences accumulate.
2. A polytypic species consists of multiple geographically isolated populations that have undergone microevolution, like the different tiger subspecies.
3. Recognizing polytypic species simplifies classification by reducing many similar local populations to subspecies rather than considering each a unique species. However, delineating subspecies from one another or related species remains challenging.
This document describes the phylum Cnidaria and some of its key characteristics. It discusses the body wall and nematocysts, alternation of generations, maintenance functions like digestion and movement, and reproduction. It also describes five classes within the phylum - Hydrozoa, Staurozoa, Scyphozoa, Cubozoa, and Anthozoa. For Hydrozoa, it provides details on classes like Obelia, with colonial polyps, and Gonionemus, which is a medusa-dominant hydrozoan. Hydra is also discussed as an example without a medusa stage.
Aquí tenemos un trabajo sobre el triásico, donde encontraremos bastante información sobre este (en inglés).
Donde pone by, podeis poner vuestros nombres. ;-)
The Paleozoic Era started 542 million years ago with the emergence of complex life forms and ended 251 million years ago with the largest mass extinction the world has ever experienced.
This document provides an overview of taxonomy and biological classification. It discusses how Carolus Linnaeus established the scientific system of naming and ranking organisms in hierarchical groups. The key levels are domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus and species. It then describes the major taxonomic groups across the three domains of life - Archaea, Bacteria and Eukarya. Within each kingdom, it outlines the characteristic phyla, classes, orders and other subgroups. The document concludes with a brief discussion of proposed alternatives to Linnaeus' classification system, such as the PhyloCode.
Unlike other animals, mammals have body hair, have 3 middle ear bones (the malleus, incus, and stapes), and nourish their young with milk that females produce in modified sweat glands that are called mammary glands.
Phylum Cnidaria includes jellyfish, sea anemones, corals, hydras and Portuguese man-of-war. They are diploblastic animals with radial symmetry and specialized cells. Many alternate between asexual polyp and sexual medusa stages with polyps attaching to substrates and medusas dispersing gametes. Cnidarians capture prey using stinging nematocysts and may form symbiotic relationships with algae. The four classes are distinguished by their dominant life cycle stage and include hydrozoans, scyphozoans, anthozoans and cubozoans.
Ctenophores are a phylum of marine invertebrates that are major predators of zooplankton and fish larvae. They use rows of fused cilia and adhesive cells on their tentacles to capture prey. While similar to cnidarians, ctenophores differ in having genuine smooth muscle, multiciliated cells, hermaphroditism, and gastrulation through epiboly or invagination rather than cnidarian processes.
This document summarizes key aspects of the phylum Porifera (sponges). It describes their multicellular origins, body structures, cell types, skeleton formation, water circulation, feeding, reproduction, development, and classification. The four classes of sponges - Hexactinellida, Calcarea, Demospongiae, and Sclerospongiae - are introduced along with examples.
Echinoderms are marine animals with pentamerous radial symmetry, an endoskeleton, and tube feet. They include sea stars, sea urchins, sand dollars, sea cucumbers, sea lilies, and feather stars, which are classified into the classes Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea, Holothuroidea, Crinoidea, and Asteroidea. Sea stars have a water vascular system and all echinoderms have tube feet used for locomotion.
This document describes and compares protostomes and deuterostomes. Protostomes are animals where the blastopore becomes the mouth, and have spiral cleavage, mesoderm from the 4d cell, and a trochophore larva. Deuterostomes are animals where the blastopore becomes the anus, and have radial cleavage, mesoderm from pouches off the gut, and a dipleurula larva. Sexual reproduction in protozoans involves fusion of gametes through syngamy or amphimixis, and can include conjugation during unfavorable conditions.
The Paleozoic Era lasted from 543 to 248 million years ago. It was divided into seven periods: Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Mississippian, Pennsylvanian, and Permian. Major events included the diversification of multi-celled animal life in the Cambrian and a mass extinction at the end of the Paleozoic that wiped out 90% of marine species. Life colonized land during this era, with plants, fungi and insects moving ashore.
This document discusses taxonomic hierarchy and categorization. It notes that Linnaeus originally established five categories (kingdom, class, order, genus, species, varieties) within the animal kingdom. Two additional categories were later adopted (phylum and family) to allow for finer divisions as more species were discovered. Examples of taxonomic categorization are provided for wolves and honey bees down to the species level. The document explains that additional intermediate categories have been inserted over time to provide more precise taxonomic positioning as the number of known species increased. It distinguishes that species are defined by isolating mechanisms in nature, while higher categories group species by emphasizing affinities rather than differences.
This document provides the scientific classifications for various families of fungi, including Amanitaceae, Agaricaceae, Clavariaceae, Entolomataceae, Bolbitiaceae, Inocybaceae, Gyroporaceae, Boletaceae, Paxillaceae, Tapinellacae, Serpulaceae, Geastrales, Phallales, Auriculariales, Russulales, and Dacrymycetales. It also provides the classification of the species Myxarium nucleatum and the family Pezizaceae.
This document discusses the three domains of life - Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya. It provides examples of organisms from each domain, describing their taxonomic classification from kingdom down to species level. Key details include that Archaea are prokaryotic microorganisms distinct from bacteria and eukaryotes, and eukaryotes are the only domain containing multicellular organisms like animals and plants. Examples of organisms presented include methanogens from Archaea, streptomyces bacteria, the protist Giardia, fungi, animals from sponges to mammals, and plants like algae.
The document discusses the classification of living things. It states that the broadest category is domains, of which there are three - Bacteria, Archaea and Eukarya. Within these domains are six kingdoms - Bacteria, Archaea, Protists, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia. Each kingdom has distinct characteristics, such as Bacteria containing cells with peptidoglycan cell walls, Archaea living in extreme environments, and Animalia being multicellular and heterotrophic.
The phylum Cnidaria includes sea jellies, hydra, coral colonies, sea anemones, sea pens, and sea fans. They are characterized by having radial symmetry, two germ layers, a jelly-like mesoglea layer, an acoelomate body cavity, and specialized stinging cells called cnidocytes. Many species have both a sessile polyp stage and a free-swimming medusa stage. Cnidarians play important ecological roles through food sources, habitat, symbiosis, and wave protection.
1. Flatworms are acoelomate, triploblastic, bilaterally symmetrical organisms classified in the phylum Platyhelminthes.
2. Class Turbellaria contains free-living flatworms like the planarian Dugesia, which have a simple nervous system with anterior ganglia and ventral nerve cords, a complete digestive system with a mouth and blind gut, and a protonephridial excretory system.
3. Turbellarians reproduce both asexually through fission and sexually as simultaneous hermaphrodites, exchanging sperm through direct internal fertilization.
This document provides an overview of invertebrate biology, summarizing key concepts about major invertebrate phyla. It begins with an introduction to invertebrates, then explores the diversity of phyla including sponges, cnidarians, flatworms, rotifers, lophophorates, nemerteans, and molluscs. For each group, it highlights defining anatomical or physiological features, examples of classes within the phylum, and examples of species. The document utilizes tables and diagrams to illustrate concepts and compare phyla. It is a high-level overview intended to introduce students to the diversity of invertebrate life.
Obelia is a colonial marine cnidarian that exists in both a sessile polyp stage and a free-swimming medusa stage. It has a branching structure made of hydrocaulus and hydrorhiza that support gastrozooids for feeding and gonozooids for asexual reproduction. Gonozooids bud numerous small medusae that detach and transition Obelia to its sexual medusa phase, where it reproduces sexually to complete its life cycle.
A. Sponges are the most primitive multicellular animals belonging to Phylum Porifera. They consist of loosely organized cells and lack true tissues. Their bodies have 3 main cell types - pinacocytes forming the outer layer, mesenchyme cells in the jelly-like mesohyl, and choanocytes lining chambers.
B. Sponges have a skeleton that provides support, consisting of either silica or calcium carbonate spicules secreted by mesenchyme cells or spongin fibers. They exist in different forms depending on their branching canal system and water flow.
C. Sponges are filter feeders, using choanocyte flagella to draw water through their
This document discusses three groups of worms: flatworms, roundworms, and segmented worms. Flatworms are flat, ribbon-like organisms that can be free-living or parasitic. Parasitic flatworms include flukes and tapeworms, which infect humans by consuming undercooked meat. Roundworms have long, cylindrical bodies and some are free-living decomposers while others are parasitic. Segmented worms have a segmented body and include earthworms, polychaetes, and leeches.
1. Microevolution leads to genetic differences between populations over time, which can result in new species through macroevolution if enough differences accumulate.
2. A polytypic species consists of multiple geographically isolated populations that have undergone microevolution, like the different tiger subspecies.
3. Recognizing polytypic species simplifies classification by reducing many similar local populations to subspecies rather than considering each a unique species. However, delineating subspecies from one another or related species remains challenging.
This document describes the phylum Cnidaria and some of its key characteristics. It discusses the body wall and nematocysts, alternation of generations, maintenance functions like digestion and movement, and reproduction. It also describes five classes within the phylum - Hydrozoa, Staurozoa, Scyphozoa, Cubozoa, and Anthozoa. For Hydrozoa, it provides details on classes like Obelia, with colonial polyps, and Gonionemus, which is a medusa-dominant hydrozoan. Hydra is also discussed as an example without a medusa stage.
Aquí tenemos un trabajo sobre el triásico, donde encontraremos bastante información sobre este (en inglés).
Donde pone by, podeis poner vuestros nombres. ;-)
The Paleozoic Era started 542 million years ago with the emergence of complex life forms and ended 251 million years ago with the largest mass extinction the world has ever experienced.
This document provides an overview of taxonomy and biological classification. It discusses how Carolus Linnaeus established the scientific system of naming and ranking organisms in hierarchical groups. The key levels are domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus and species. It then describes the major taxonomic groups across the three domains of life - Archaea, Bacteria and Eukarya. Within each kingdom, it outlines the characteristic phyla, classes, orders and other subgroups. The document concludes with a brief discussion of proposed alternatives to Linnaeus' classification system, such as the PhyloCode.
Unlike other animals, mammals have body hair, have 3 middle ear bones (the malleus, incus, and stapes), and nourish their young with milk that females produce in modified sweat glands that are called mammary glands.
Phylum Cnidaria includes jellyfish, sea anemones, corals, hydras and Portuguese man-of-war. They are diploblastic animals with radial symmetry and specialized cells. Many alternate between asexual polyp and sexual medusa stages with polyps attaching to substrates and medusas dispersing gametes. Cnidarians capture prey using stinging nematocysts and may form symbiotic relationships with algae. The four classes are distinguished by their dominant life cycle stage and include hydrozoans, scyphozoans, anthozoans and cubozoans.
Ctenophores are a phylum of marine invertebrates that are major predators of zooplankton and fish larvae. They use rows of fused cilia and adhesive cells on their tentacles to capture prey. While similar to cnidarians, ctenophores differ in having genuine smooth muscle, multiciliated cells, hermaphroditism, and gastrulation through epiboly or invagination rather than cnidarian processes.
This document summarizes key aspects of the phylum Porifera (sponges). It describes their multicellular origins, body structures, cell types, skeleton formation, water circulation, feeding, reproduction, development, and classification. The four classes of sponges - Hexactinellida, Calcarea, Demospongiae, and Sclerospongiae - are introduced along with examples.
Echinoderms are marine animals with pentamerous radial symmetry, an endoskeleton, and tube feet. They include sea stars, sea urchins, sand dollars, sea cucumbers, sea lilies, and feather stars, which are classified into the classes Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea, Holothuroidea, Crinoidea, and Asteroidea. Sea stars have a water vascular system and all echinoderms have tube feet used for locomotion.
This document describes and compares protostomes and deuterostomes. Protostomes are animals where the blastopore becomes the mouth, and have spiral cleavage, mesoderm from the 4d cell, and a trochophore larva. Deuterostomes are animals where the blastopore becomes the anus, and have radial cleavage, mesoderm from pouches off the gut, and a dipleurula larva. Sexual reproduction in protozoans involves fusion of gametes through syngamy or amphimixis, and can include conjugation during unfavorable conditions.
The Paleozoic Era lasted from 543 to 248 million years ago. It was divided into seven periods: Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Mississippian, Pennsylvanian, and Permian. Major events included the diversification of multi-celled animal life in the Cambrian and a mass extinction at the end of the Paleozoic that wiped out 90% of marine species. Life colonized land during this era, with plants, fungi and insects moving ashore.
This document discusses taxonomic hierarchy and categorization. It notes that Linnaeus originally established five categories (kingdom, class, order, genus, species, varieties) within the animal kingdom. Two additional categories were later adopted (phylum and family) to allow for finer divisions as more species were discovered. Examples of taxonomic categorization are provided for wolves and honey bees down to the species level. The document explains that additional intermediate categories have been inserted over time to provide more precise taxonomic positioning as the number of known species increased. It distinguishes that species are defined by isolating mechanisms in nature, while higher categories group species by emphasizing affinities rather than differences.
This document provides the scientific classifications for various families of fungi, including Amanitaceae, Agaricaceae, Clavariaceae, Entolomataceae, Bolbitiaceae, Inocybaceae, Gyroporaceae, Boletaceae, Paxillaceae, Tapinellacae, Serpulaceae, Geastrales, Phallales, Auriculariales, Russulales, and Dacrymycetales. It also provides the classification of the species Myxarium nucleatum and the family Pezizaceae.
This document discusses the three domains of life - Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya. It provides examples of organisms from each domain, describing their taxonomic classification from kingdom down to species level. Key details include that Archaea are prokaryotic microorganisms distinct from bacteria and eukaryotes, and eukaryotes are the only domain containing multicellular organisms like animals and plants. Examples of organisms presented include methanogens from Archaea, streptomyces bacteria, the protist Giardia, fungi, animals from sponges to mammals, and plants like algae.
This document defines the classification terminology used for plants, algae, fungi, and animals. It provides examples of classification terms used to identify different organisms, including the fungus Amanita muscaria, the plant Quercus alba, the whale Balaenoptera musculus, the kelp Macrocystis pyrifera, the poison ivy Toxicodendron radicans, and the bald eagle Haliaeetus leucocephalus.
Taxonomy Rank. How the human can maintaninganinikmah2
The document provides the taxonomic rankings for several organisms including:
- Amorphophallus titanium which is a plant in the domains of Eukarya and kingdom of Plantae.
- Dionaea muscipula which is a carnivorous plant in the domains of Eukarya and kingdom of Plantae.
- Allamanda cathartica which is a plant in the domains of Eukarya and kingdom of Plantae.
- Paradisaea rubra which is a bird in the domains of Eukarya and kingdom of Animalia.
- Hypsibius dujardini which is a tardigrade in the domains of Eukarya and
This document lists various invasive species from different kingdoms and provides their scientific classification. It includes coyotes, pythons, starlings, penguins, killer bees, Asian carp, Canada geese, Asian mongooses, brown tree snakes, and mountain pine beetles. For each species, it provides their kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus and sometimes species. Canada geese and penguins are mentioned again at the end with smiles and comments about them.
The document lists various animal species including coyotes, pythons, starlings, killer bees, Asian carp, Canada geese, Asian mongooses, penguins, kittens and elephants. It provides the scientific classification for each species including kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus and sometimes species. Information about the animals is interspersed with emoticons.
Osteology of the shoulder girdle in the piciformes, passeriformes and related...herculanoalvarenga
This document presents a comparative study of the bones of the shoulder girdle in several orders of birds, including Piciformes, Passeriformes, and Coraciiformes. The study analyzed 109 skeletons from 83 bird species across 31 families. The findings provide osteological evidence that Picidae, Capitonidae, Ramphastidae, and Indicatoridae should be grouped as Piciformes, and that Piciformes and Passeriformes share a close phylogenetic relationship. However, Galbulidae and Bucconidae more closely resemble Coraciiformes like Meropidae, Coraciidae, and Brachypteraciidae. Among Coraciiformes, Upupidae resemble Phoenicul
This document contains the scientific classifications for several different types of animals, including a toad, frog, cobra, garden lizard, crocodile, pigeon, domestic fowl, tiger, elephant, and cat. For each animal, it lists the scientific name and provides the taxonomic ranking down to the species level, including kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species.
This document provides information on 27 different freshwater fish species found in local markets including their local name, common name, scientific name, price and taxonomic classification. It describes species such as major carp, tilapia, grass carp, silver carp, barb, catfish and others. For each entry it provides the basic taxonomic grouping from Kingdom to Species.
This document discusses taxonomy, the science of classifying organisms. It provides the taxonomic classification for cats, tigers, and humans from the kingdom level down to species. It also asks several questions about taxonomic hierarchy, levels of classification, scientific names, and who proposed key taxonomic concepts. Finally, it provides a partial taxonomic classification for lions that needs to be completed.
This biology project document contains over 80 classifications of various fungi, plants, insects, reptiles, birds, and mammals observed by Gina Peter. The organisms are grouped by their scientific kingdoms, phylums, classes, orders, families, and genera/species. Many of the observations are further identified down to the species level while some remain unidentified.
This biology project document contains over 80 classifications of various fungi, plants, insects, reptiles, birds, and mammals observed by Gina Peter. The organisms are grouped by their scientific kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus and species. Many of the observations are further identified down to the species level while some remain unidentified.
The document provides scientific classifications for various families of fungi, including:
- Amanitaceae, a family of basidiomycete fungi that includes the genus Amanita.
- Agaricaceae, a family of basidiomycetes that includes the genus Agaricus and was formerly classified into other families.
- Clavariaceae, also called coral mushrooms, which resemble coral and often have bright colors and grow in old forests.
- Entolomataceae, a family of fungi in the order Agaricales containing 12 genera and 1,071 species.
- Bolbitiaceae, a family characterized by having a hymenium on gills
Phylum: Porifera and its examples
Phylum: Cniadria and its examples
Phylum: Ctenophora and its examples
Phylum: Platyhelminthes and its examples
Phylum: Nematoda and its examples
Phylum: Annelida, Arthopoda, Mollusca Echnidodermata, Hemichordata, and its examples
Phylum: Chordata
Pisces, Amphibians, Reptiles, Aves, and Mammals
The document describes various orders of insects including Collembola (springtails), Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies), Orthoptera (grasshoppers and crickets), Phasmatoda (stick and leaf insects), Mantodea (mantises), Blattodea (cockroaches and termites), Hemiptera (true bugs), Coleoptera (beetles), Hymenoptera (bees, wasps and ants), Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths), Diptera (true flies), and Siphonaptera (fleas). For each order, it lists the taxonomic classification and provides examples of families, genera, species and common
Arthropods introduction by Md. Abdul Alim, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal S...Abdul Alim
This document provides an overview of the classification and anatomy of arthropods, focusing on ticks and flies. It outlines the phylum, class, order, family, genus and species classification of ticks. It then discusses the external anatomy of flies, including head, antenna, legs, wings and abdomen. The document also covers the internal anatomy of flies, summarizing the digestive, respiratory, excretory, nervous and genital systems. It concludes with a brief description of vectors that transmit diseases mechanically or biologically.
The document describes the organisms observed during various plant and animal biology laboratory exercises, including plants from 12 different families, plant anatomical structures, sponges and cnidarians, worms from 3 phyla, mollusks and arthropods from 8 classes, echinoderms and chordates from 12 classes. It provides the scientific name and common name for each organism observed.
The document outlines the taxonomy of different mammal orders and families, organized into subclasses. It discusses egg-laying monotremes like echidnas and platypuses, as well as various orders of marsupials including opossums, kangaroos, wallabies. It also mentions armadillos and various anteaters and sloths. The taxonomy shows the relationships between the different mammal groups and families within the subclasses of Prototheria, Metatheria, and Eutheria.
This document lists the systematic positions of 8 organisms - Nostoc, Volvox, Oedogonium, Vaucheria, Ectocarpus, Polysiphonia, Phytophthora, and Albugo. For each organism, it provides the scientific classification including division, sub-division, class, order and family. The organisms span several divisions of the kingdoms Plantae and Fungi.
Similar to Phylum Cnidaria Postlab Discussion PPT (20)
The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
Our observation is that multiple layers — hardware, operating systems, third-party libraries, software versions, input data, compile-time options, and parameters — are subject to variability that exacerbates frictions but is also essential for achieving robust, generalizable results and fostering innovation. I will first review the literature, providing evidence of how the complex variability interactions across these layers affect qualitative and quantitative software properties, thereby complicating the reproduction and replication of scientific studies in various fields.
I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
I will finally argue that deep variability is both the problem and solution of frictionless reproducibility, calling the software science community to develop new methods and tools to manage variability and foster reproducibility in software systems.
Exposé invité Journées Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
Current Ms word generated power point presentation covers major details about the micronuclei test. It's significance and assays to conduct it. It is used to detect the micronuclei formation inside the cells of nearly every multicellular organism. It's formation takes place during chromosomal sepration at metaphase.
hematic appreciation test is a psychological assessment tool used to measure an individual's appreciation and understanding of specific themes or topics. This test helps to evaluate an individual's ability to connect different ideas and concepts within a given theme, as well as their overall comprehension and interpretation skills. The results of the test can provide valuable insights into an individual's cognitive abilities, creativity, and critical thinking skills
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defectsSérgio Sacani
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
Travis Hills' Endeavors in Minnesota: Fostering Environmental and Economic Pr...Travis Hills MN
Travis Hills of Minnesota developed a method to convert waste into high-value dry fertilizer, significantly enriching soil quality. By providing farmers with a valuable resource derived from waste, Travis Hills helps enhance farm profitability while promoting environmental stewardship. Travis Hills' sustainable practices lead to cost savings and increased revenue for farmers by improving resource efficiency and reducing waste.
Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvementIshaGoswami9
As the population is increasing and will reach about 9 billion upto 2050. Also due to climate change, it is difficult to meet the food requirement of such a large population. Facing the challenges presented by resource shortages, climate
change, and increasing global population, crop yield and quality need to be improved in a sustainable way over the coming decades. Genetic improvement by breeding is the best way to increase crop productivity. With the rapid progression of functional
genomics, an increasing number of crop genomes have been sequenced and dozens of genes influencing key agronomic traits have been identified. However, current genome sequence information has not been adequately exploited for understanding
the complex characteristics of multiple gene, owing to a lack of crop phenotypic data. Efficient, automatic, and accurate technologies and platforms that can capture phenotypic data that can
be linked to genomics information for crop improvement at all growth stages have become as important as genotyping. Thus,
high-throughput phenotyping has become the major bottleneck restricting crop breeding. Plant phenomics has been defined as the high-throughput, accurate acquisition and analysis of multi-dimensional phenotypes
during crop growing stages at the organism level, including the cell, tissue, organ, individual plant, plot, and field levels. With the rapid development of novel sensors, imaging technology,
and analysis methods, numerous infrastructure platforms have been developed for phenotyping.
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically youngSérgio Sacani
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
Or: Beyond linear.
Abstract: Equivariant neural networks are neural networks that incorporate symmetries. The nonlinear activation functions in these networks result in interesting nonlinear equivariant maps between simple representations, and motivate the key player of this talk: piecewise linear representation theory.
Disclaimer: No one is perfect, so please mind that there might be mistakes and typos.
dtubbenhauer@gmail.com
Corrected slides: dtubbenhauer.com/talks.html
Unlocking the mysteries of reproduction: Exploring fecundity and gonadosomati...AbdullaAlAsif1
The pygmy halfbeak Dermogenys colletei, is known for its viviparous nature, this presents an intriguing case of relatively low fecundity, raising questions about potential compensatory reproductive strategies employed by this species. Our study delves into the examination of fecundity and the Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) in the Pygmy Halfbeak, D. colletei (Meisner, 2001), an intriguing viviparous fish indigenous to Sarawak, Borneo. We hypothesize that the Pygmy halfbeak, D. colletei, may exhibit unique reproductive adaptations to offset its low fecundity, thus enhancing its survival and fitness. To address this, we conducted a comprehensive study utilizing 28 mature female specimens of D. colletei, carefully measuring fecundity and GSI to shed light on the reproductive adaptations of this species. Our findings reveal that D. colletei indeed exhibits low fecundity, with a mean of 16.76 ± 2.01, and a mean GSI of 12.83 ± 1.27, providing crucial insights into the reproductive mechanisms at play in this species. These results underscore the existence of unique reproductive strategies in D. colletei, enabling its adaptation and persistence in Borneo's diverse aquatic ecosystems, and call for further ecological research to elucidate these mechanisms. This study lends to a better understanding of viviparous fish in Borneo and contributes to the broader field of aquatic ecology, enhancing our knowledge of species adaptations to unique ecological challenges.